B2U1 Section B.ppt

1、Culture Shock,Section B,The main idea of a passage is the thought that is presented from the beginning to the end. In a well-written paragraph, most of the sentences support, describe or explain the main idea. The main idea frequently appears in the first sentence, sometimes in the middle or at the

2、end.,I. Reading SkillReading for the Main Idea,Example,The U.S. is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointment, to say “thank you”, to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save th

3、e feet and endless amounts of time. Main idea: _,The U.S. is definitely a telephone country.,The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different place. And everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice t

4、o you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems as though it will have no ending.,Main idea: _ _,The first stage of culture-shock adjustment is “the honeymoon”.,f,Four Stages in Culture Shock,Imagine: Youre so lucky to get an opportunity to study abroad. Its the first time you come to the

5、country. Definitely, you may experience Culture Shock.,is a term meaning strong feelings of discomfort, fear, or anxiety, which people may have when they enter another culture. Usually when a person moves to live in a foreign country, he or she may experience a period of culture shock until he/she b

6、ecomes familiar with the new culture.,Culture shock,The “honeymoon” stage 蜜月期 The “hostility” stage 敵意期 The “recovery” stage 恢復(fù)期 The “adjustment” stage 適應(yīng)期,Four Stages,Tips,happy, good, curious, excellent ,I. Honeymoon Stage,Find some adjectives to describe your feeling.,excited, marvelous, wonderfu

7、l, comfortable,II. Hostility Stage,Can you describe the emotions in this stage?,Tips, become tired of , makes sb. feel Everything is , I feel ,awful lonely indifferent homesick distressed,hostile isolated unfriendly rejected cold,regression,2. What will you do ? I may devise some defense mechanisms

8、to cope with the effects of culture shock, such as:,repression,isolation,rejection,Regression: act like a child, forget everything, sometimes become careless and irresponsible,Repression: pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you,Isolation: not want to communicate with other

9、 people, would rather be at home alone,Rejection: think that youre coping fine alone, you dont need anybodys help,Theyre _; on the contrary, they can really _ you, because they prevent you from _ the new culture.,not helpful,hurt,making necessary adjustments to,3. Are these mechanisms helpful?,You s

10、tart feeling _ and adjust yourself to the new _, _, _ and _.,more positive,norms,values,beliefs,traditions,III. Recovery Stage,You have reached a point where you actually feel _ . The things that initially made you feel _, or _ are now things that you _. Now you feel _; you have adjusted to the new

11、culture.,good,uncomfortable,strange,understand,comfortable,IV. Adjustment,Para.1 Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Like many young people who leave home to study in another country, do you think you would have lots of fun? Certainly, it is a new exp

12、erience, which brings the opportunity of discovering fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter.,Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values, and traditions that exist in different c

13、ountries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is culture shock. Evidently, at least four essential stages of culture-shock adjustment occur.,Para.2 The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you feel excitement

14、 about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems as though it will have no ending.,Para.3 Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is

15、 the “hostility stage” . You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everythi

16、ng makes you feel distressed and tired.,Para.4 Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression.” This happens when you prete

17、nd that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you.,Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression.” This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible.,Th

18、e third kind of defense mechanism is called “isolation.” You would rather be home alone, and you dont want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least thats what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because

19、 it separates you from those things that could really help you.,The last type of defense mechanism is called “rejection.” With this coping mechanism, you think you dont need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you dont try to ask for help.,Para.5 The defense mechanisms you utilize in the

20、 hostility stage are not helpful. If you only occasionally use one of these coping mechanisms to help yourself survive, that is acceptable. You must be cautious, however. These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.,Para.6 After

21、you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called “recovery” . In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you dont understand. The whole situation starts to

22、 become more favorable;,you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even though the distinctions of the culture are different from your own, it has elements that you

23、 can learn to appreciate.,Para.7 The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment.” In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things

24、 that you understand. This acquisition of understanding alleviates much of the stress. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the new culture.,Para.8 Evidently, culture shock is something you cannot avoid when living in a foreign country. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when

25、you are going through its four stages. However, when you have completely adjusted to a new culture you can more fully enjoy it.,You learn how to interact with other people, and you learn a considerable amount about life in a culture that is not your own. Furthermore, learning about other cultures an

26、d how to adjust to the shock of living in them helps you learn more about yourself.,desirable,a. worth having; be wished for 令人向往的；值得有的, 合意的 Main Street is a very desirable location for a large department store. 主要街道是開設(shè)大型百貨商店的理想地段。 干這項(xiàng)工作最好懂點(diǎn)醫(yī)學(xué)。 For this job it is desirable to know something about me

27、dicine.,【記憶】desire vt./n. 想望, 期望; desirably ad. 合意地; undesirable a.不合需要的, 不受歡迎的,【搭配】 be desirable for 對來說是合適的： Pure white cotton is, however, highly desirable for the evening. 純白的棉織品非常適合晚上穿。 undesirable but unavoidable令人討厭但無法避免;在It is desirable that .后的從句中，謂語用動(dòng)詞原形或should加動(dòng)詞原形。 如： It is desirable tha

28、t she (should) leave the company immediately. 明智的做法是她立即離開公司。,【辨析】 desirable 表示“（事情）可喜的，合意的”，常與to連用如： success is desirable to me. 成功對我是合意的。 desirous表示“（人）渴望的”，常與of連用，如： I am desirous of success. 我渴望成功。,clash,vi.1) disagree seriously (about sth.)嚴(yán)重不一致，沖突 Peoples feelings sometimes clash with their jud

29、gment. 人們的情感有時(shí)與他們的判斷不一致。 2) come together and fight 沖突，交鋒，遭遇 The two armies clashed near the boundary this morning. 今晨兩支軍隊(duì)在邊境附近發(fā)生了交火。,n. 1) serious disagreement; arguing 嚴(yán)重不一致，爭論 There is a clash of interests in this project. 2) violent contact; fight 抵觸，沖突 There were violent clashes downtown.,【記憶】

30、crash v./n. 碰撞，墜毀 【搭配】 clash with與沖突，不協(xié)調(diào)： Police have clashed with demonstrators again today. clash over/on 在問題上不一致 The two men have clashed over the reports conclusions. a clash between and 與兩者之間的沖突,hostility,n. 1) U being hostile (to sb./sth.) 敵意，敵對，敵視 There is now open hostility between the two l

31、eaders. 2) U being against 抵制，反對 His hostility to your plan is well-known.,3)（pl.）acts of war; fighting 戰(zhàn)爭，戰(zhàn)斗 Hostilities broke out between Germany and France in 1939. 德法之間于1939年爆發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭。,【記憶】 hostile: a. 懷有敵意的，敵對的： She found his attitude to her obviously hostile. 【搭配】hostility to/towards 對的敵意： There i

32、s a lot of public hostility to the tax.,distress,n. 1) U (cause of) great pain, sadness, suffering, etc. 痛苦，苦惱，憂傷（的原因） His death was a great distress to all the family.,3) U a state of being in danger or difficulty and requiring help 危險(xiǎn)，危難 Dont put youself in distress anytime. vt. cause distress to

33、(sb./sth.) 使痛苦，使悲痛，使貧困 I was most distressed to hear the sad news.,【記憶】 distressed a. 痛苦的，悲傷的; distressinga.使人痛苦的 【搭配】 in distress .Most men will help a damsel in distress distressed at/by He is distressed at such mistrust. too distressed to speak be distressed to find/hear/see/learn etc. sth.,cope,

34、vi. (with)manage successfully; be able to deal with sth. difficult （成功地）應(yīng)付，能對付（同deal with, handle）,【搭配】cope with 與競爭, 應(yīng)付： She is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in heavy traffic.,isolation,n. U isolating or being isolated 隔離，孤立，分解，分離 They live in complete isolation in a mountain.,【

35、記憶】isolatevt.isolated a. 【搭配】 in isolation (from sth) （與）隔絕，孤立： My sense of isolation became doubly acute.,rejection,n. U, C rejecting or being rejected 拒絕，被拒絕，拋棄 He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection . acceptance rejection,favorable (favourable),a. 1) helpful; suitable 有幫助的，適宜的 The p

36、osition of his shop is favorable to business. 2) giving or showing agreement We found that most people were favorable to the idea.,【搭配】favourable for/to 對有利： The financial environment is favorable to job creation. favorable condition favorable terms,appreciate,vt. 1) understand and enjoy (sth); valu

37、e highly 欣賞，賞識 You cant fully appreciate Shakespeare in translation. 2) understand (sth) with sympathy理解,意識到，懂得 You dont seem to appreciate how busy I am.,vi. increase in value 增值，漲價(jià) Our house has appreciated by 50% in the last two years.,【搭配】I shall appreciate it if如果，我將不勝感激。 Id appreciate it if yo

38、u let me get on with my job. 【記憶】 appreciation n. 感激, 欣賞 appreciative a. 欣賞的, 表示感激的 depreciate v. （使）貶值,in spite of,despite 盡管 The football match continued in spite of the rain. 盡管作了巨大努力, 我們還是沒能完成計(jì)劃。 In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.,adjust to,become or make suited (to

39、new conditions) 使適應(yīng)（新環(huán)境），適應(yīng) I cant adjust to living on my own. 人體能很快地自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)氣溫的變化。 The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.,【擴(kuò)展】 “調(diào)整，使適應(yīng)”還有以下表達(dá)： adapt to，be accustomed to,be tired of,be impatient or fed up with sb./sth. 討厭，不耐煩，厭煩 When youre tired of one dress, change to another. 你不

40、停地抱怨, 我聽煩了。 Im tired of your never-ending complaints.,【擴(kuò)展】 be tired with Im tired with walking.,come to,reach a certain state 達(dá)到某狀態(tài) The two brothers quickly came to fights during their quarrel.,When the girl came to, she found herself in a hospital.,go through,experience; finish certain stages 通過；完成（某階段） Have you thought about the difficulties your children would go through? 沒有信任, 無法度過一生。 It is impossible