TESL 課件2013-4.ppt

1、Lecture 4,Understanding SLA - (3),Key terms and concepts (revision),input; output intake (v.s ; “monitor”) =internalized input =acquired competence learning vs. acquisition interaction; context; engagement; meaning,L2 learning process,Further understanding of SLA Chomskys UG ,UG: universal grammar -

2、human beings are also born with a certain universal grammar, which consists of a set of general principles (such as: how words move in a sentence, what elements to have in a sentence; how pronouns are interpreted) that help speakers generate all human languages. -UG governs the process of finding ru

3、les and constructing the grammar specific to one particular language.,A proposed SLA process diagram: (as compared to industrial production),Machine: LAD Materials: language input Operational rules: UG Workers: learners Managers: teachers Products: language output,3 analysesa development history of

4、SLA studies,Stage 1 contrastive analysis: focusing on the differences through a comparative study between L1 acquisition and L2 learning; Major findings: L2 learning takes place at a later time (older age), when learners L1 acts as both a resource and an interference in their L2 learning. negative v

5、s. positive transfer; L2 learners make both universal and transfer errors. limitations: -sees L1 as the only source of difficulties in L2 learning; -overlooks the positive effect of L1 on L2 learning.,3 analyses:a development history of SLA studies,Stage 2 error analysis: Much can be learned about t

6、he process and nature of L2 learning through a careful study of learner errors. errors vs. mistakes Major findings: positive view of learner errors: Errors are indicative of learners active/creative learning; It is from errors to errors that learners develop their interlanguage learners developing e

7、rroneous language system (between L1 limitations: confines its view to grammatical errors,3 analyses:a development history of SLA studies,Stage 3 discourse analysis: Errors at the discourse level are actually greater in gravity - more seriously affect cross-cultural communication. To be emphasized i

8、n SLA is the relationship between culture, thought pattern and discourse.,Learner errors to be diagnosed: a sample of the interlanguage,Dear Ms. Wu: Im very happy that you can pay a few minutes to read my letter for you. First, I should say sorry to you that I didnt say something to you last time wh

9、en I didnt go to class. Tomorrow afternoon there will be a English class. Its a pity that I cant have it because my left foot was hurt by the stairway of my bed. Last night when I want to go to the toilet, I sliped from the stairway of my bed because of my careless. Now I cant walk normally. But I wish you have a good class. Your student: XXX,Problems with traditional pedagogy,What are the prominent problems with English teaching in a traditional classroom? Forms