Adjective clause.ppt

1、,定語從句的特征 定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。限定性定語從句與主句關(guān)系緊密，為句中不可缺少的成分，如去掉，則主句意思不完整或不明確。非限定性定語從句與主句關(guān)系松散，如去掉，主句內(nèi)容仍完整。在書面語中，非限定性定語從句一般用逗號與主句隔開。,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括： (1)關(guān)系代詞：that，which，whose，who, whom，as。 (2)關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why。 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都充當(dāng)一定的句子成分：主語(who，which，that)；賓語(that，which，whom)；定語(whose，of which)；狀語(when，wh

2、ere，why)。,定語從句中關(guān)系詞的運(yùn)用 (1)關(guān)系代詞。 關(guān)系代詞的選擇一般需從三方面來考慮：先行詞(antecedent)是指人還是指物；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語還是定語；該從句是限定性定語從句還是非限定性定語從句。 關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)，一般可省略。如： I know that he is a man who/that means what he says. (先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作主語) The man whom/that she met told her a lie. (先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作賓語),The watch which/that wa

3、s lost has been found. (先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作主語) Here is the material which/that you need. (先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作賓語) He is the only one whose advice she may accept. (先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作定語),(2)關(guān)系副詞。 關(guān)系副詞的選擇主要看先行詞。如先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞，如time，day等，則用when；如先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如place，house，area等，則用where；如先行詞為reason，則用why。

4、另外，where = in which，why = for which。例如：,Ill never forget the village where/in which I spent my childhood. I dont know the reason why/for which he did that. Ill never forget the day when I first entered the college.,關(guān)系代詞that和 which的區(qū)別 存在以下情況之一時(shí)，只能用that來引導(dǎo)定語從句： 第一，先行詞是all，everything，something，anything

5、，little，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)； 第二，先行詞前有next，first，last，only，few，much，some，any，very，no等詞修飾時(shí)； 第三，先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。例如： Ive explained everything (that) I can to you. This is the most beautiful city (that) Ive ever been to. 非限定性定語從句一般不用that引導(dǎo)，且關(guān)系詞不可省略。例如： His lecture, which bored everyone, ended at last. The teach

6、ers daughter, whom I met last month, sent me an e-mail.,which和as引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別 在非限定性定語從句中，先行詞是整個句子時(shí)，一般用which或as來引導(dǎo)。which在從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語等，as在從句中一般只充當(dāng)主語。which與as引導(dǎo)此類定語從句的區(qū)別在于：which只能置于句中或句末，而as的位置比較靈活，既可置于句中、句末，又可置于句首。此外，as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)還常和such，so，as或same連用，一般沒有明顯的先行詞，as一般可以譯為“正如，就像那樣”。,例如： Water consists of hydroge

7、n and oxygen, which/as is known to all. As everybody knows, he is a good boy. Such things as you have described are most important to me. He is that kind of man, such as people always meet. I have the same dictionary as you have.,_can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle invol

8、ves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.(1999.5) A AsB WhatC ThatD It 答案為A。As指代的是后面整句話的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，其他選項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)主語從句。本句意為：正如我們從比較這些數(shù)字所看到的結(jié)果一樣，這項(xiàng)規(guī)則需要病人在治療時(shí)積極參與。,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中有時(shí)也作介詞的賓語。如果介詞被置于關(guān)系代詞前，一般只用介詞+which或介詞+whom，而不能用介詞+that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果介詞被置于從句句末，則可用that代替which或wh

9、om，且that這時(shí)可省去。 This is the coat on which she spent 500 dollars. One of my classmates whom/that you are familiar with will come today.,Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _ obtaining water is not the least.(1994.3) A of whichB for what C as D whose 答案為A。題目中which的先行詞是problems，在wh

10、ich引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句中作介詞of的賓語，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞要置于介詞后面，不能省略。介詞of表示所屬關(guān)系，of which指的是“在這些問題中”。B 中的for表示原因，與題意不符；C 和D 也能引導(dǎo)定語從句，但都與句子的意思不符，所以只能選A。本句句意為：在澳大利亞中部，沙漠生活面臨許多問題，其中汲水是一個很嚴(yán)峻的問題。,定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別,同位語從句大多由連接詞that引導(dǎo)，常跟在下列名詞后面，如fact，idea，opinion，news，hope，belief等。同位語從句用來解釋說明這些名詞的具體含義和內(nèi)容。定語從句對所修飾的名詞加以修飾限定，即說明其為此人(事物)而非彼人

11、(事物)。如： We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.(同位語從句) The news that we are invited to the party is very encouraging.(同位語從句) This is the best article that has been written on the subject. (定語從句),定語從句與what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別,what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語，但總是包含著定語從句的含義，很容易與定語從句混淆。定語從句的

12、引導(dǎo)詞前面都會有先行詞，而what前面則沒有任何先行詞，此時(shí)what=先行詞+that。試比較： He always means what he says. Thats the only thing that he says. Thats what I want to say. Thats all (that) I want to say. This is what I can give you. This is all the money that I can give you.,that jumps on its strong legs and carry its young in a b

13、ag on the front of its body,？,Kangaroo,who was born in Shanghai and is playing basketball in NBA now.,Yao Ming,？,It is an animal that jumps on its strong legs and carry its young in a bag on the front of its body (Kangaroo) He is a player who was born in Shanghai and is playing basketball in NBA now

14、. (Yao Ming),1、 Chuck is a businessman who / that is always busy. 2、 Xiao Rong took a photo of a monkey that / which was sitting on my head. 3、 An e-pal is someone whom you write e-mail to. 4、 The book which / that I read yesterday is very interesting. 5、 I called a travel agent whose telephone numb

15、er I had found in a newspaper. 6、 I live in the room whose windows face south. 7、 There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. 8、Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.,a) _, _or _ is used to introduce an Attributive Clause about

16、things. b) _, _, _ or _ is used to introduce an Attributive Clause about people. c)_is used to introduce an Attributive Clause about places. d) _ is used to introduce an Attributive Clause about time.,which,That,Who,that,whom,Where,When,whose,whose,Mrs. Green got married last month. She is learning

17、to be a good wife. But she really has,a headache about buying, keeping and cooking food. Can you give her some advice?,Dont / buy / the potatoes / are green,Dont buy the potatoes which/that are green.,buy your food / from the shopkeepers / always busy,Buy your food from the shopkeepers who/that are

18、always busy.,choose / the fresh fish / eyes /are bright,Choose the fresh fish whose eyes are bright.,While cooking, put everything in a place/ You can find it easily.,While cooking, put everything in a place where you can find it easily.,Mr. Smiths house was broken into and his expensive camera and

19、golden watch were stolen. The police discovered a few red hairs in the room. So they are looking for the person_ _,who has red hair (whose,hair is red).,Alice is a real ice-cream fan. She can eat at least two big ice-creams a day. She even said that she was not going to make friends with those _,who

20、 didnt like ice creams.,Meat goes bad easily in summer. So do remember to put it in a place _.,where it is cold,In 1976,an earthquake struck Tangshan. 28 years has passed and the city of Tangshan takes on a new look. However, many people there will never forget the terrible day_ _,when the earthquak

21、e,destroyed the city.,Which basket will the monkey possibly take away?,The monkey will take away the basket which/ that is full of bananas.,The monkey will take away the basket with bananas.,Where should the bear build his house ?,The bear should build his house in the mountain / near the river.,The

22、 bear should build his house near the river where there are a lot of fish.,Which cat ate the fish?,The cat whose hands are behind its back ate the fish.,The cat in green ate the fish.,The cat whose coat is green ate the fish.,An Attributive Clause is used to tell people more clearly which person or

23、thing is being discussed. ( ) In order to say or write sth. clearly, we can only use Attributive clause. ( ),T,F,Marys Party Everybody who went to Marys party last Saturday evening had a good time. The food Mary cooked was super. I like the dress Lucy was wearing. It suited her well. I also met some

24、one I hadnt seen for years. His name is James. He told us that he had just flown from Greece where he had been living for the past five years. He came back here to gave an exhibition about Greek art.,If we can use Attributive Clauses in a proper way, our writing will be improved.( ) We use more Attr

25、ibutive Clauses in written English than we do in oral English. ( ),T,T,Some women are crazy about shopping. They never make a shopping list. So when they go back home after shopping they always find they have bought a lot of things_,they dont need at all.,keep the cream, butter or cheese / you buy /

26、 in the fridge,Keep the cream, butter or cheese which/ that you buy in the fridge.,when the weather becomes warm and plants start to grow again.,？,spring,where travelers and others may get food and rooms to live in.,？,Hotel,This is Guomoruos house.,This is a house_,郭沫若故居,where Guomoruo used to live

27、.,Answer the following questions according to the pictures, using an Attributive Clause if necessary.,one of whose film is Hero.,Zhang Yimou,？,choose / the vegetables / are fresh,Choose the vegetables which/ that are fresh.,.Find out the mistakes in the following sentences and correct them. 1.These

28、are the people whom they say are fools. whomwho 2.There are many people want to go there. add who“ after people 3.Jim is one of the students who hasnt passed the exam. hasnthavent 4.Bill is standing at the side of the car, talking to the two men who was helping him to repair it. wasare,5.I dont know

29、 the person about that they are talking. thatwhom 6.Do you still remember the days which we worked together whichwhen (or: add in before which) 7.The students who their homes are far away live in the school. who theirwhose 8.The girl whom is dressed in red is my sister. whomwho,.Choose the best answ

30、ers to fill in the blanks. 1.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help.A. that B. whoC. from whom D. to whom 2.Is this factory _we visited last year A. where B. in whichC. the one D. at which 3.Is this the factory _your father works A. in which B. of whichC. which D. i

31、n that 1.D 2.C 3.A,4.My family _are all music lovers will go to the concert.A. which B. thatC. who D. in which 5.These are the tools _we work.A. with these B. by theseC. by which D. with which 6.Is this the school _they used to study A. where B. thatC. on which D. the one 7.Is there any fruit shop nearby _we can buy some fruit A. at that B. at whereC. which D. at which 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.D,8.The building _all elder university teachers prefer looks so beautiful. A. at which B