英一閱讀刷題01課堂筆記_W

1、閱讀刷題01課堂筆記2019年10月5日20:00Tips:刷題班怎么學(xué)習(xí)？1、課前預(yù)習(xí)文章（課程表閱讀學(xué)習(xí)包每年閱讀真題）2、參與直播或錄播課3、查看閱讀全文翻譯（用好伴學(xué)功能）2010 text1 第一段Of all the changes（ that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century 定語從句） ，perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and serio

2、usness of their arts coverage.獨(dú)句段=全文中心【詞匯短語】scope n.范圍seriousness n.嚴(yán)肅性第二段It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty（to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism（= art coverage） could be found in most big-city newspapers 真正主語）. Yet a considerabl

3、e number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.第三段We are even

4、farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was（ dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an （ornament Q22 C） to the publications Q22 B）in which it appeared. In those

5、far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know wha

6、t they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“（that 引導(dǎo)狀語從句）I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt ap

7、plied by writers who are not read to writers who are. NOTE：【詞匯短語】 【方法技巧】 【題干關(guān)鍵】 【句間關(guān)系&段間關(guān)系】 【關(guān)鍵詞、句】 【唐叔叨叨】邏輯提示詞（時間、轉(zhuǎn)折、情感色彩） 筆記tipsTips:so that 固定搭配tempted 被引誘= 情不自禁的做applied to 固定搭配【 詞 匯 短 語 】ornament n.裝飾；點(diǎn)綴calling n.職業(yè)；事業(yè) 第四段Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. （Neville Cardus, wh

8、o wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1

9、947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. 例子）第五段分區(qū) 刷題班英一 的第 1 頁Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The pro

10、spect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 an

11、d 2 that .考的是第一段和第二段之間的交集。 A arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers沒有消失，只是減少。 B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews 過去有許多，與現(xiàn)在作對比，是原文decline的同義改寫。 C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers保留很多讀者。 D young readers doubt the suitability of criticis

12、m ondailies懷疑適當(dāng)性，只屬于第二段的內(nèi)容。 22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by .A free themes 原文unfocused 的同義替換。 B casual styleC elaborate layoutD radical viewpoints23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agreeon?A It is writers duty to fulfill journali

13、stic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.動作主體被偷換；新聞行業(yè)而非。 C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.主語被偷換，原文是Newman。 D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing. few與not all的替換。 24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A His mus

14、ic criticism may not appeal to readers today. 不再能吸引=被人遺忘。 B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.與A相反，仍被人注意。 C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?decline forgotten A New

15、spapers of the Good Old Days核心談?wù)摰氖?good old days。 B The Lost Horizon in Newspapers horizon替代的是文學(xué)評論的盛況。 C Mournful Decline of Journalism新聞行業(yè)范圍過大，衰退的是報紙當(dāng)中的文學(xué)評論。 D Prominent Critics in Memory討論的應(yīng)是criticism。 【方法技巧】（再梳理）中心思想題1、標(biāo)志:mainly about/discussthe best title/subjectthe purpose2、方法1） 串線：將各段首末句串聯(lián)成一個整

16、體，注意轉(zhuǎn)折處2） 中心句：問題開頭的提問，對它的回答，是文章中心獨(dú)句段=同義改寫=選項(xiàng)3） 中心詞：文中反復(fù)高頻出現(xiàn)的詞（不止一個、同義改寫）2010 text2 第一段Over the past decade（過去時間對比）, thousands of patents have been granted forTips:characterized=feature 細(xì)節(jié)題干分區(qū) 刷題班英一 的第 2 頁what are called business methods. （A received one for its “one-click” online payment sy

17、stem. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box. 例子）第二段Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business- method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authoriz

18、ed 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal”, says Dennis D. Crouch of the Un

19、iversity of Missouri School of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”第三段Curbs on（=restriction） business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face（打臉）（, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called Stat

20、e Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companie

21、s raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business -method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Simila

22、rly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. 例子）第四段The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit（=court） issued an unus

23、ual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.第五段The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions

24、 by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, thejustices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. Thejudges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti -patient trend at the Supreme Court

25、”, saysHarold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of . recently=nowA their limited value to businessB their connection with asset allocationC the possible restriction on their granting

26、 D the controversy over their authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilskicase?A Its ruling complies with the court decisions.B It involves a very big business transaction.a very big business transaction是對原文a very big deal的錯誤理解。 C It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.有待審明，無中

27、生有。 D It may change the legal practices in the US. 原文：it has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means .Tips:時間相反，一切相反。Tips:對第四段的解釋，是因果關(guān)系。分區(qū) 刷題班英一 的第 3 頁A loss of good willB increase of hostilityC change of attitude D enhanc

28、ement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents .A are immune to legal challenges不受影響，和原文相反。 B are often unnecessarily issued 沒有必要被授權(quán)，與原文too many對應(yīng)。 C lower the esteem for patent holdersD increase the incidence of risks增加風(fēng)險。 30. Which of the following would be

29、the subject of thetext?A A looming threat to the business-method patents.若隱若現(xiàn)的威脅，替換原文potential。26題的possible；27題的may change。B Protection for business-method patent holders.討論核心是持有人。 C A legal case regarding business-method patents.片面。 D A prevailing trend against business-method patents.已成成為了威脅。 【方法技

30、巧】（再梳理）詞匯題1、標(biāo)志：“？”(line X,paragraph X) most probably means 2、方法：通過定位好的句子根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系找同義詞或反義詞3、干擾選項(xiàng)特征：字面意思理解2010 text3 第一段（ In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influent

31、ials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. 這本書中的內(nèi)容都不重要）The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spread. 觀點(diǎn)第二段The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible（=intuitively）- sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-

32、step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flowbecause it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory

33、also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of t

34、his kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.第三段In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they dont seem to be required at all.第

35、四段The researchers argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfreywhose outsize presence is primarily aTips:1段：過去十年商業(yè)方法專利申請的情況2段：商業(yè)方法專利面臨的現(xiàn)狀3、4段：巡回 態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變；引進(jìn)該專利、如今又控制該專利5段：變化的原因Tips:第三四段是并列關(guān)系。分區(qū) 刷題班英一 的第 4 頁第四段The researchers a

36、rgument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfreywhose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal influenceeven the most influential members of a population simply dont interact with that many others.

37、Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly（=interact）. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her ow

38、n acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of cha

39、nge wont propagate very far or affect many people.第五段Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability to i

40、nfluence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”the widespread propagation of influence through networksis the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to .A analyze the consequences of social epidemicsB discuss influentials function in spreading ideas C exemplify peo