2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解-推理判斷類-解題技巧及典例剖析

1、2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解 推理判斷類 解題技巧及典例剖析【考點(diǎn)清單】一、推理判斷類題目常見的設(shè)問方式1.It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _ .2.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3.In which of the following publications(出版物）would this passage most likely be printed?4. The passage implies

2、, but doesnt directly state that _ .5.The writer suggests that _.6.The author probably feels that _.7.The author uses the example of.to show that_.8.Whats the authors attitude toward.?【解題流程】要做好推理判斷題，需要充分閱讀理解文章、分析語篇特征、尋找解題依據(jù)?？忌鷳?yīng)該在領(lǐng)會(huì)全文的基礎(chǔ)上做出正確的推理和判斷。第一步 依據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)及“順序原則”確定信息源推理判斷題應(yīng)該首先按照題干要求的范圍進(jìn)行解題，如果題目中沒

3、有提到具體的段落，那么通過“順序原則”找到區(qū)域范圍。如果這種情況下還是不能找到信息源，就必須考慮按照題干和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的信息詞從全文各個(gè)角落尋找答案。第二步 比對原文和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行推理甄選要注意推理的基礎(chǔ)是原文內(nèi)容，而不是自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和主觀判斷，不可憑借自己的主觀意愿腹斷。有的題目的推理即為原文具體層面的“同義歸納”。所涉及的邏輯關(guān)系都是最簡單的邏輯判斷，一步即可推得，考生千萬不能人為地把問題復(fù)雜化，推理很多步，反而得出錯(cuò)誤的答案?！就评眄氈?.直接陳述文章內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)不能選，要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項(xiàng)。2.推理不是憑空猜測，而是立足已知推斷未知，因此正確選項(xiàng)一定能在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。3.不能以自己

4、的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的想法，因此脫離原文的主觀意斷都是錯(cuò)誤的。1.隱含推斷題“邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)”得結(jié)論1.鎖定題干中infer, conclude ,suggest, imply, indicate, assume等詞眼，明確答題方向2.瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，首先排除與原文信息一樣的選項(xiàng)隱含推斷題 3.立足原文，結(jié)合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推斷典例（2016全國，D片段）Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rule

5、s for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that in-formation is being spread and monitored(監(jiān)控）in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters an

6、d sob stories .The if it bleeds rule works for mass media, says Jo-nah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as

7、 a Debbie Downer.Q:What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A. Theyre socially inactive.B. Theyre good at telling stories.C. Theyre inconsiderate of others.D. Theyre careful with their words.【解題思路】第一步速讀文章，找出相關(guān)信息句，并標(biāo)出進(jìn)行推理判斷的關(guān)鍵詞1.They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.2.But w

8、hen you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.3.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.第二步根據(jù)該題選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)將找到的信息改編成選項(xiàng)C答案：inconsiderate of others/thoughtless of others2.文章出處題“專用詞匯”做判斷原則：從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)判斷其出處報(bào)紙：前面常會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱文章出處題廣告：格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)方法：對號入座 產(chǎn)品說明：常含有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式、

9、使用方法等網(wǎng)頁：常含有網(wǎng)頁的典型用語。如：click典例（2014安徽，A)Personal Robot Make your parents and teachers happy!Are you having problems finishing your homework on time?Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You dont need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand person-al robot. Mr. H can be programmed

10、 to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.Mr. H also has these features(特點(diǎn)）:weighs only 500 gramsincludes long-lasting batteriescomes with a 5-year guaranteeremembers simple instructionsOriginally

11、(最初）sold for $499NOW ONLY $299BUY NOWWATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear! This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos.gives you a daily weather forecast . reminds you when to hand in your home

12、work.sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near . Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $ 199NOW ONLY $ 99For further information, click here.Q:Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?A. On a notice board.B.

13、 In a company brochure.C. On a teenage website.D. In a college newspaper.【解題思路】第一步 速讀文章，結(jié)合文章語言特色找出最能體現(xiàn)文章出處的專用詞匯1. BUY NOW2.for further information ,click here.第二步結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，試進(jìn)行合理推斷答案，C3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類“言為心聲”求衰貶中立類：subjective/objectiveuncaring neutral/indifferent/unclear支持肯定類：positive/approval/optimistic/hopeful選項(xiàng)常用

14、詞匯反對否定類：negative/disapproval/critical/pessimistic/doubtful/skeptical觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度全面理解文章的內(nèi)容和中心抓住體現(xiàn)人物觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵句或列舉的事例注意流露作者思想傾向或感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞關(guān)鍵詞用法典例1(2016四川，C片段）The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 ex

15、ploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years, says Gin.Ive been able to

16、keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom . Q:What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?A. Cautious. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Apprec

17、iative.【解題思路】第一步 速讀文章，找出相關(guān)信息句，并標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞1 have a special love for the French Guianese People.2 I dont see it as a lawless land.3 But rather I see it as an area of freedom.第二步結(jié)合文章主題，進(jìn)行合理推斷答案：D典例2(2017全國，C片段）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the c

18、ompany closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the

19、 road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $ 10,000 de-posit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafug

20、ia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost s 279,000. And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the1930s,

21、 according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality . The government has already per-mitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly . The Transition is now going through

22、crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Q:What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying careA . Cautious . B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.【解題思路】第一步速讀文章，找出相關(guān)信息句，并標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make

23、it easier for the vehicle to fly.第二步結(jié)合文章主題，進(jìn)行合理推斷答案：B1. 寫作意圖類“體裁主旨”尋意圖故事類：to entertain readers廣告、議論文：to inform/show/convince/advise/propose/encourage readers寫作意圖科普類、新聞?lì)?、社?huì)文化類：to inform/show/present/explain/analyze(2017全國，A片段）Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962, Pacific Science Center has been i

24、nspiring a passion(熱情）for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry - based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Its an amazing accomplishment

25、 and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificscience -center, org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.Q:What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B .To adverti

26、se coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Centers history.【解題思路】第一步 速讀文章，找出相關(guān)信息句，標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter , org to find various ways you can support Pacific S

27、cience Center.第二步與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對比得出答案答案：A干擾項(xiàng)分析該部分的寫作目的是鼓勵(lì)人們以各種方式支持太平洋科學(xué)中心，也就是鼓勵(lì)人們捐款，故選A項(xiàng)。B、C兩項(xiàng)無中生有，該部分沒有提到“宣傳即將舉行的活動(dòng)”和“介紹特殊的展覽”。D項(xiàng)曲解文意，該部分提到了自1962年以來太平洋科學(xué)中心做的事情，但這不是為了講述該中心的歷史，而是為下文鼓勵(lì)人們捐款作鋪墊。5.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類“寫作思路”辨結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：根據(jù)語篇，對事件可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測推理梳理篇章結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測推斷題方法事件發(fā)展的先后順序因果關(guān)系把握寫作思路遞進(jìn)關(guān)系對比關(guān)系空間轉(zhuǎn)換理清句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系作出科學(xué)、合理的預(yù)測典例（2015.湖北，E片段）On the whole, Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired.As one would expect, h