環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語試題

1、.一、英漢互譯1. oxidizing agent 氧化劑2. activated sludge活性污泥3. water purification 水凈化4. protozoa原生動物5. nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮6. phosphate磷酸鹽7. the dew point 露點8. food additives 食品添加劑9. chemical plant 化工廠10.primary air pollutant 一次大氣污染物11.qualitative analysis 定性分析12.environmental problem 環(huán)境問題13.incomplete com

2、bustion 不完全燃燒14.photochemical oxidants 光化學(xué)氧化劑15.suspented solid懸浮固體16.氣布比 air to cloth ratio17.一氧化碳 carbon monoxide18.酵母 yeast19.紫外線 ultraviolet light20.反向滲透 reverse osmosis21.水資源 water resource22.有機物質(zhì) organic matter23.地表水 surface water24.引風(fēng)機 draft fan25.生物鑒定 bioassay26.副產(chǎn)品 by-products27.環(huán)境容量 enviro

3、nmental capacity 28.供水，給水 water supply29.吸附 adsorption 30.環(huán)境污染 environmental pollution二、英譯漢1. Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continues to be the primary objective in many areas. However, preservation of water resources, protection of fishing areas, and mainte

4、nance ofrecreational waters are additional concerns today.污染控制的最初目的是保護公眾的健康，在許多地方這仍然是主要目的。然而，目前保護水資源、保護漁區(qū)和維護娛樂水域也是關(guān)注的方面。2.Pollutioncan be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics ofthe air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival

5、, or activities of humans or other livingorganisms.污染：可以定義為空氣、水或土壤的物理化學(xué)或生物特性發(fā)生惡化以至于對人類或生物有機體的健康、 生存或活性造成了危害。 Environment can be defined as(1) the circumstance of conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affectan individual o

6、r community. 環(huán)境可以定義為： （1）一個生物個體或生物群體周圍的狀況或條件；（ 2）影響個體或群體的復(fù)雜的社會或文化條件。3. Fabric filters usually provide very high collection efficiencies, exceeding 99.5%, at pressure drops usually ranging from 4 to 6 inches of water. The amount of filter area required is often based o an air-to-cloth ratio of 11.5 t

7、o 3.0 cfm of gas/ft of cloth.布袋過濾器經(jīng)常提供超過99.5%的高捕集效率，壓力降一般在4-6英寸水柱。所需要的濾料面積通常是根據(jù)氣布比為11.5-3.0cfm氣體 /平方英尺布來考慮的。4. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds that attack metal surfaces, a problem that has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and co

8、mputer industries.大氣中的硫和氮的氧化物經(jīng)反應(yīng)后形成酸性化合物， 這些化合物腐蝕金屬表面， 這個問題通訊設(shè)備、電力設(shè)施和計算機工業(yè)方面已經(jīng)很嚴重。三、選擇題1. The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary studyof environmental problems: their causes, why they are of concern, and how we can controlthem（. C ）A. obj

9、ectiveB. bookC. environmental problemsD. students2. Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals. It may also cause contamination of resources (such as air, water, and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for otherpurposes.（ C ）A. plantsB. animalsC. resourcesD.

10、pollutant species3. However, sewage may also contain pathogens from the excreta of people with infectious diseasesthatcan be transmitted by contaminated water. （ D ）A. sewageB. pathogensC. peopleD. infectious diseases4. In fact, knowledgeable scientists of the time accepted land irrigation and perco

11、lation into the porous underground formations as methods of waste treatment. Although these treatment methods may have been intended for non-hazardous materials, they were employed for hazardous materials as well.（ B ）A. knowledgeable scientistsB. these treatment methodsC. non-hazardous materialsD.

12、hazardous materials5. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds which attack metal surfaces, a problem which has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, andcomputer industries.（ D ）A. SulfurB. Sulfur and nitrogen oxidesC. metal surfacesD. acidic

13、compounds四、英譯漢，每小題10 分，共 30 分1. International cooperation in the field of environmental protection should be based on the principle of equality among sovereign states. The developing countries have the sovereign right to use their own natural.resources in keeping with their developmental and environ

14、mental objectives and priorities. Furthermore environmental considerations should not be used as an excuse for interference in the internal affairs of the developing countries, nor should these be used to introduce any forms of conditionality in aid or development financing, or to impose trade barri

15、ers affecting the export and development efforts of the developing countries.在環(huán)境保護領(lǐng)域的國際合作應(yīng)該建立在主權(quán)國家之間的平等原則的基礎(chǔ)上。發(fā)展中國家有主權(quán)去利用自己國家的資源來維持發(fā)展和環(huán)境目標及其優(yōu)先權(quán)。不應(yīng)該以保護環(huán)境為理由干涉發(fā)展中國家的內(nèi)政，不應(yīng)借此在援助或發(fā)展資金上提出任何形式的附加條件，也不應(yīng)設(shè)置貿(mào)易壁壘影響發(fā)展中國家出口和發(fā)展的努力。2.Impurities in water were classified as suspended, colloidal,or dissolved. Suspende

16、d particles are largeenough to settle out or to be filtered. Colloidal and dissolved impurities are more difficult to remove. One possibility is somehow to make these small particles join together to become larger ones, which can then be treated as suspended matter. Another possibility is to convert

17、 them to a gas that escapes from the water into the atmosphere .Whatever the approach, it must be remembered that energy is required to lift water or to pump it through a filter.水中的雜質(zhì)可分為懸浮的，膠體態(tài)的或溶解態(tài)的。由于懸浮的顆粒大足以被沉淀或被過濾掉。膠體態(tài)的或溶解態(tài)的雜質(zhì)較難以去除掉。去除他們的一個可能的方法是以某種方法把這些微小的顆粒物結(jié)合成比較大的顆粒然后采用去除懸浮物的方法來處理。另一種可能的方法是把他

18、們轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闅鈶B(tài)然后是他們從水中散發(fā)到大氣中，無論采用哪一種方法，有一點必須記住的是提升水或用泵將水輸送通過濾床都需要能量。3. Water deficits and contamination of existing water supplies threaten to be critical environmental issues in the future for agricultural production as well as for domestic and industrial use. Many countries alreadyhave serious water shortages and more than one billion people lack access to clean water or adequate sanitation. Toxic air and water pollutants, along with mountains of solid and hazardous wastes, are becoming overwhelming problems in industrialized countries. We produce hundred of