01080008霍晨磊許廠煤礦01080008翻譯部分

1、中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2012 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第 120 頁翻譯部分中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2012 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第 121 頁英文原文Mine Green MiningHui-qi ShiTiandi Science and Technology co. Ltd, Beijing 100013, ChinaAbstract:With the mine development and utilization, the mine environment problems and subordinate geology disaster phenomenon it causes have been revea

2、led gradually, some also lead to serious results. Therefore, the balanced relation of “resources mining - environmental protection - mining area sustainable development” is a very important topic of resource development in our country in the 21st century, named “green mining”. In accordance with thi

3、s balanced relational mining area development pattern, it is called “the green mining area” pattern of the sustainable development. One of its core contents is to be aware of “green mining”.Keywords: Mine environment; Resources mining; Green mining1. The brought forward of the green miningNowadays,

4、fossil fuels still occupy the dominant station in the worlds energy structure, as shown in Figure 1. But as the expansion of industrial production and advancement of the industrial technique, the demand for energy is growing, at the same time the fossil energy resources have gradually depleted, and

5、the unrestrained use of fossil energy has given rise toincreasingly serious environment problems.nuclearenergy 4%hydrpower6% boilmass15%gas17%coal24%oil34%Fig.1. the situation of the world energyAt present, the problems of energy and environment have become the major focus of global concern, sustain

6、able development has become a common theme in todays world. At the sametime, environmental problems of mine have also attracted large concerns and attention of the中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2012 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第 122 頁international community. With the increasing depletion of fossilenergy and the environmentgetting worse, carry

7、ing out the research of the technology of the green mine in the mining area, achieving a clean and efficient utilization of energy, the development and utilization of biomass energy has become a global issue. The father and the repair of the zoology in the mine area is an inevitable requirement in t

8、he mining industry of the world mining area, it will be an inevitable and important issue of the environment and the development of the world.Green mining follows the economic cycle of the principles of green industry, which coordinates the formation of mining and the environment, it is a technology

9、 of exploitation which achieves the goal of low production, high efficiency, low emissions. Green mining in the coal mining area is the only way for the healthy development of the coal industry, for it can prevent or reduce the adverse environmental impacts from coal mining as much as possible, so a

10、s to achieve the best economic and environmental benefits in the exploitation of coal resources.2. The effect and the manifestation of the coal mining2.1. Coal mining destroys water resourceFig.2. coal mining area subsidence induce serious soil erosionThe destruction of water resource caused by the

11、coal mining is mainly manifested in two aspects. On the one hand, it is in the process of the coal mining, because of man-made drainage and dewatering mining, the formation of the hydraulic fracture of the natural aquifer coal dewatering would result in the water levels drop significantly in a large

12、 area of the ground. A major mining area of water supply dried up, making surface of earth dry, that will destroy the natural landscape, the reduction of agricultural production, which can cause serious desertification and soil surface, shown in Figure 2.On the other hand, the exploitation causes th

13、e pollution of surface water and groundwater. Mine water, waste heap leaching of water, coal preparation waste water containing such as coal, rock flour suspended solids and solubleinorganic salts. In western of China, Huang-Huai area, the mine water has salinity highly, and中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2012 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第 123

14、 頁high-sulfur coal mine in the South, mostly of acid mine drainage. Discharging the waste water into the surface river, sea and reservoirs, and others would lead to more serious pollution of water resources, lead to the earths poor and causes vegetation pollution in the mining area, it has also affe

15、cted the sustainable development of agriculture seriously.2.2. Coal mining results in the destruction of land resourcesThe destruction of the land resources caused by the coal mining are displayed in two aspects ,on onehand, the surface subsidence and waste pressure account for mainly in the well wo

16、rks mining, on the other hand, the hurt and foreign direct dug dump pressure account for mainly in the open-pit mining, as shown in Figure 3.A large number of harmful gases such as SO2, CO2, H2S and nitrogen compounds, such as dust was discharged during the process of thespontaneous combustion of wa

17、ste rock, which will pollute the air, result in acid rain, pollutewater and land,inhibiting the growth of plants, endangering human health.(a) land damage caused by goaf subsidence(b) Anjialing open pit mining fieldFig.3. destruction of the land resources induced by the coal mining2.3. Produce the m

18、assive virulent noxious gasesIn the underground ore bed, there are massive virulent noxious gases, like CH4, CO, CO2, SO, SO2,H2S and so on. Because mines, loose and carries the massive dust row after the mine ventilation to the atmosphere. Approximately 10,000,000,000 m3 of CH4 is discharged into t

19、he atmosphere from the coal mining every year in our country, the emissions dust approximately 400,000 tons, not only this reason has caused the serious environmental pollution in the mining area , as shown in Figure 4. Moreover, this will lead to the consequence that hundreds of thousands of people

20、 may get pulmonary disease.2.4. Traditional methods of exploitation create ecological and environmental problems(1) Coal mining causes the migration of the strata, it causes the water and the gas flowing in中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2012 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第 124 頁the rock layer and causes coal mine gas accident and the incidents

21、of water bursting. At the same time, the gas is discharged into the atmosphere which will produce environmental pollution. Coal mining immediately influences ground water outflow, even causes the land desertification. According to the calculations, the coal mines the national average ton coal water

22、price is 2 t, northern region 10 t, reaches 47 t high, the coal mine displacement has occupied the northern area karst water resources 19%, the use factor only account for 30%.(2) Coal mining causes the rock layer migration, then causes settlement of the surface and damage of the farmland and the bu

23、ilding facilities. According to the statistical data, the destruction which because of the nation coal mining occupies land of 430,000 hm2, picks ten thousand tons coal collapse land 0.2 hm2 every time equally, every year increases the collapse approximately 20,000 hm2. Piles up under the building,

24、the water body and railroads coal resource reaches tens of billions t to be unable to mine, the cause mine pit discards ahead of time.(3) Coal mining forms bulk depositions in ground gangue, both takes the fertile farmland, and causes the environmental pollution. Already accumulated gangue 3,000,000

25、,000 t, and was increased every year still by 1.5 200,000,000 t quantities. In the national 1500 hillocks has 140 in the spontaneous combustion, to the atmosphere, the land and the environment causes the serious pollution.(4) Along with our country mine pit mining depths unceasing increase, the freq

26、uency whichpower disasters and so on underground pressure appearance and impact geostatic pressure occur increases, the intensity increases, endangers the mine pit the safety in production.Fig.4. coal mining induce air pollution3. coal resource green mining technology system3.1. Protect water mining

27、 technologyThe goal of protect water mining is to be conscious of water resources protection during the prevention and control of water inrush, carrying on conscious protection of water resources to make the disturbance to the hydrological environment of coal mining of mining disturbance less than t

28、he capacity of regiona hydrological environment. Research after mining the overburden中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2012 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第 125 頁breaking rule and the ground wate funnels formation mechanism, as well as under each geological condition the mining period rock laye activity and the underground water percolations relati

29、ons, From all mining methods and ground groutin measures, etc., realizing the mine pit water resources protection and the comprehensive utilization.Ensure the selection of mining areas is a reasonable to remain suitable supposes the waterproofing (granulated substance) the coal (crag) the column and

30、 the application reasonable method of exploitation.3.2. Measures to reduce the sink(1) Backfill miningThe backfill mining is backfill the mining goals by useing the foreign materials, including the scoop up last bit of water granulated substance backfill, the waste filling and so on.(2) Banding mini

31、ngStrip mining is currently under the control of the building of surface coal mining subsidence, which is most widely used. Banding mining is currently the main technical way to control the surface subsidence when coal mining under the building in our country. And the technical way is widespread. Th

32、e banding mining principle is the coal bed which must mine divides the quite regular banding to carry on mining, picks one, and keeps one, the banding virgin coal support overburden which the use retains, thus the reduced cap rock settlement, controls the surface the migration and the distortion, se

33、rves the ground protection purpose.(3) Delamination miningOn the gently inclined angle thick coal seam, using the way of tilted layered mining, layered submining programs can reduce the impact of ground-level structures from the surface submersion ,when we slice mining ,we should control the thickne

34、ss of each stratified, So that the deformation of the surface caused by the exploitation does not exceed the surface deformation allowed.(4) Coordinated miningWhen mining thick coal seam, we should have a reasonable design the spacing of mining of various working surfaces, the mutual position and th

35、e mining sequence, cause to achieve a counter-balance or a part counter-balance mutually of the mine the surface which a coal bed (working surface) produces to distort and mine the surface which another coal bed (working surface) produces to distort ,in order to reduce the mining-induced surface def

36、ormation to achieve the goal of protect the ground built structures. This technology must maintain certain wrong distance, therefore it is difficult to organize production.(5) Overburden rocks abscission layer note thick liquidThe technology of overburden rocks abscission layer belt high pressure no

37、te thick liquid to slow down the surfaces subsidence is Drilling through the ground to the top of mined-out area of separation of overlying strata with high-pressure injection of liquid filling material, to take control of the subsidence of overlying strata, so as to achieves the goal of control the

38、 surface subsidence .中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2012 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第 126 頁3.3. Coordinated mining technologies of coals and gasAccording to the differences of the mine method of coal bed methane ,the source of the pressure of gass and the mine method of the pressure gas ,we have constructed the technical system chart of“a to

39、tal of coal and coal-bed methane mining” , as shown in Figure 5.3.4. The processing of the gangue in the mineOne problem of green mining technologies is the processing of the mine shaft gangue. The first step is to strengthen the maintenance technology of the coal lane, so as to create less or no wa

40、ste rocks. With the increase of the mining depth, rocks Lanes digging will be inevitable, therefore the gangue will not be taken out of wells, it can be used as filling material. Thus, there is a technology and the system question a gangue down-the hole treatment underground, the key is the cost of

41、it. Another problem is whether the gangue can be disposed on the ground for recycle waste, for example, change it into the building material, the hydraulic fill and so on .After all, the processing of the gangue on the ground is simpler than underground treatment.technology system of coal and gas co

42、ordinate miningground drilling drainagedrainage of not mininggoaf drainagemining-induced fracturesthe coal seam gas reliefnearby coal seam gas reliefoverlying far coal seam gas reliefgoaf gas reliefFig.5. technology system of coal and gas coordinate miningCMB utilization, eliminate air pollutionimpr

43、ove the gas recovery ration; reduce mine gas emission; reduce the codt of mine ventilation;eliminate gas accidentspressure relief gas extractionunderground drilling and roadway drainageground drillingdrainagesurround rock CMB drainagecoal miningmining relief drainage中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2012 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第 127 頁3.5. G

44、asification technology of coal undergroundThe gasification of the coal underground is refers to the process of obtain combustible gas at the coal storage sites directly, That is changing solid minerals into gaseous fuel through thermo-chemical process on the ground , then ejected at the ground from

45、the drill hole platoon, supplying the users. It is a kind of Comprehensive green mining technology.4. The significance of the green mining in the mining area(1) The exploitation of green mining requires the improvement of the technology level. Chinas coal industry havent even as a whole, following t

46、he path of extensive development for a long time, intensive level of production is very low. The exploitation and innovation of multi-dimensional and multi-angle arethe necessary requirement for Green mining.(2) Green mining systems require the efficient use of products. Greenpeace demands the explo

47、itation of resources in a broad perspective within the framework of the coal mining area,water, coal-bed methane, land, coal gangue, as well as in other nearby deposits, and otherresources available, we shouldminimize the negative impact on the environment while in thepursuit of the best economic an

48、d social benefits while.(3) The green mining requests a comprehensive evaluation of the enterprises, considering the ecological environment. Exploitation of the large green uses the way of ecological system to look on and evaluate the economic activities of enterprises, to achieve sustainable develo

49、pment of the ecological system. Which requests them to pursue their own economic benefits, it also requests them to take full account of the social and environmental benefits.5. ConclusionsIn the early 1980s, It was called in the United Nations that: it is necessary to study the basic relations of t

50、he natural, the social, the ecological, the economic as well as the process of the use of natural resources, so as to ensure the sustainable development of the world. At this point, sustainable development caused widespread concern in all walks of life and identity on a global scale, our government

51、have also put the sustainable development into the Agenda of 21st. in the near future, the economic cycle (Recycling Economy) refers to follow the natural ecosystems of material circulation and energy flow to follow the law of economic reconstruction, economic activities will be highly efficient and

52、 orderly organization as a resource utilization - the green industry - renewable resources closed Material-energy cycle feedback processes, to maintain the economic production of low quality, low-waste, so that the impact of economic activity on the natural environment damage to a minimum. It is dif

53、ferent from the traditional economy of high production, high emissions, but to achieve the goal of sustainable development which is the exploitation of low-and high use, low emissions.With the development and utilization of mines, environment problems of mines and a variety of secondary geological d

54、isasters caused by it has gradually revealed, and some also have brought out serious results. As a result, keeping the balance of relations of the exploitation ofresources - environmental protection - the mining area of sustainable development, is the global中國礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2012 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第 128 頁issues in explo

55、itation of resource facing with us, It is the coal resources green mining that in line with the balance of relations between the mining area development model, It is green mining which is one of the core content to achieve a green mining. known as the sustainable development model.Green mining in th

56、e mining area is the only way for the development of mining area ,it is the only way to ensure the sustainable development ,It is a new technique benefits for generations. The new technology of green mining is bound to achieve a harmonious mine production, eventually to achieve the grand goal of est

57、ablishing a harmonious society.References1 Qian Minggao, Xu Jialin, Miao Xiexing. Coal mine green mining technology. Chinese Mining Industry University journal, 2003,32(4):343-348.2 Chinese Academy of Science sustainable development group. China modernization process strategy devises. Beijing: Scien

58、tific Publishing house, 2002.3 Qian Minggao. Green mining concept and technical system. Coal science and technology, 2003(4).4 Hu thousand courtyards, Liang Yunpei, Lin Fujin. The worked-out section gas surface drilling pulls out picks the engineering research to study the J. China coal bed to be mad, 2006, 3(