人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit 7 what's the highest mountain in the world？短語(yǔ)、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

一、 必背短語(yǔ)1.最古老的國(guó)家之一one of the oldest countries2.隨意地做某事feel free to do sth.3.據(jù)我所知as far as I know4.最高的山脈the highest mountain5.其他任何一座山any other mountain6.在所有的咸水湖中of all the salt lakes7.綿延run along8.呼吸空氣take in air9.面對(duì)in the face of 10.放棄做某事give up doing sth.11.實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想achieve one s dream12.雖然；盡管even though13.出生時(shí)at birth14.興奮地跑過(guò)去run over with excitement15.撞到某人walk into sb.16.摔倒fall over17.每?jī)赡阤very two years18. 砍伐森林cut down the forests19.瀕危動(dòng)物endangered animals20.處于危險(xiǎn)之中be in danger21.大熊貓?jiān)絹?lái)越少fewer and fewer pandas22. 的重要性the importance of23.Whats the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞 in the world? 世界上最.的.是什么？24. one of the +形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 最.的.之一25. There be sb/sth doing.有某人/物正在做某25.protect.from/against+doing保護(hù).使不受；防御【教材內(nèi)容解析】Section A1. about 9,600,000 square kilometres in size (P. 49)square用作形容詞，表示“平方的”，用于數(shù)字后面表示面積。Our new house is 95 square metres in size.2. 1,025 meters deep. (P. 49)英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的長(zhǎng)寬高的表達(dá)方式為：基數(shù)詞+單位詞+形容詞(long, wide, high, deep)。The rope is two meters long.3. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. (P. 49)any other意為“其他任何一個(gè)”，后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，常用于比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示最高級(jí)含義，可與“the other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”或者the others互換。Peter runs faster than any other student/the other students/the others in his class.4. China has the biggest population in the world. (P. 50)population表示“人口”，是集合名詞，對(duì)人口數(shù)量提問(wèn)時(shí)，用what而不用how many/much，population若作主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whats the population in China now?The population of this small town is three thousand.More than one fifth of the population of the country are over 60 years old.5. The main reason was to protect their part of the country. (P. 50)protect表示“保護(hù)”時(shí)，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：protect.from.“保護(hù)免受”。Humans should do something to protect the environment.The sunglasses will protect you from sunshine.6. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this. (P. 50)as far as I know意為“就我所知、我認(rèn)為”，相當(dāng)于as far as I am concerned。As far as I know, hell be away from three months.7. One of the worlds most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. (P. 51)“one of+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”指在某一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)“最之一”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Mary is one of the best students in our class.8. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. (P. 51)include表示“包含、包括”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)整體里面包含一些部分，including常用作介詞，表示“包括”。The book includes eight units.He has many friends, including Tom.9. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. (P. 51)take in意為“吸收”。Do you know how plants take in water?10. The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. (P. 51)succeed表示“成功”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：succeed to do sth.或者succeed in doing sth.“成功做成某事”。The climbers succeeded to get to the top of the mountain in the end.=The climbers succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain in the end.11. One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. (P. 51)(1) challenge意為“挑戰(zhàn)、考驗(yàn)”，challenge sb. to (do) sth.表示“向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事”。He challenged me to play chess.(2) in the face意為“面對(duì)（問(wèn)題或者困難）”They showed courage in the face of danger.12. The spirit these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. (P. 51) achieve用作動(dòng)詞，表示“達(dá)到、完成、成功”。I believe you will achieve your dream in the end.13. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous. (P. 51) even though意為“即使、雖然”，相當(dāng)于even if，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Even though Frank left school at 16, he still became a successful writer.Section B1. weighs 5,0000 kilos (P. 53) weigh此處作動(dòng)詞，表示“有重”，名詞是weight。The baby weighed about 5 kilometres.What is his weight?2. This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. (P. 53) “倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than”表示“比大/多多少倍”。The room looks three times bigger than that one.3. At birth, a baby panda is about.(P. 53) at birth表示“出生時(shí)”。The baby weighed three kilometres at birth.4. A panda can live up to.(P. 53) up to表示“達(dá)到（某種數(shù)量或者程度）”The theatre can hold up to 500 people.【拓展】be up to sb.“由某人決定”You can leave today or tomorrow. It is up to you.5. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas breakfast. (P. 54) prepare for sth.“為做準(zhǔn)備”They are preparing for the party tonight. prepare.for.“為準(zhǔn)備”We should prepare some sweets for Childrens Day. be prepared for“為作準(zhǔn)備”The players are well prepared for the match.6. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry. (P. 54) awake用作形容詞，表示“醒著的”，反義詞是asleep。Is the baby asleep or awake?7. Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. (P. 54)or so意為“大約”，放在數(shù)量詞后面，表示大約的概念。There are 30 workers or so in the factory. 【語(yǔ)法講解】（1） 基數(shù)詞I. 基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成?；鶖?shù)詞1-12是獨(dú)立的單詞。one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve基數(shù)詞13-19是在個(gè)位數(shù)后面加-teen構(gòu)成，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不規(guī)則變化。thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen整十的基數(shù)詞20-90是在個(gè)位數(shù)詞后面加-ty構(gòu)成，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不規(guī)則變化。twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety非整十基數(shù)詞21-99是在十位數(shù)后面加上個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成，中間加上連字符“-”。twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight三位數(shù)以上的基數(shù)詞，百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間用and連接。two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“萬(wàn)”和“億”這兩個(gè)單位，在表示“萬(wàn)”和“億”時(shí)，把“萬(wàn)”念成10個(gè)千，“十萬(wàn)”念成100個(gè)千，“億”念成100個(gè)百萬(wàn)以此類推。10,000：ten thousand100,000: a hundred thousand100,000,000: a hundred million35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-fiveII. hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示確切數(shù)字時(shí)，只用其單數(shù)形式；但是在表示不確切數(shù)字時(shí)，要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，并且與of連用，表示約數(shù)。e.g:1. There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。 2. Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上萬(wàn)的游客游玩長(zhǎng)城。III. 基數(shù)詞表示編號(hào)例如：Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五課 Room 306 306房間 Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二頁(yè) Class One, Grade Six 六年級(jí)一班（2） 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 形容詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則。I. 規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的詞+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母+er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音節(jié)詞在前面+more/mostimportantmore importantmost importantbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulII. 不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest 形容詞比較級(jí)用法。I. 比較級(jí)用于兩者進(jìn)行比較，結(jié)構(gòu)為“A is 比較級(jí) than B”。e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行車比她的漂亮。 2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。II. 表示兩者之間選擇，用“which/who is 比較級(jí)，A or B？”表示“兩者之間較之一”時(shí)，用“the + 比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪個(gè)離太陽(yáng)更近，月球還是地球？ 2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是兩人中較瘦的那個(gè)。III.“越來(lái)越”用“比較級(jí)and 比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“more and more 原級(jí)”。e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天氣變得越來(lái)越冷了。 2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她變得越來(lái)越美了。IV. 表示“越越”時(shí)，用“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越