有機化學專業(yè)英語.docx

有機化學專業(yè)英語1Angularmethylgroup角甲基Alkylidenegroup亞烷基Allylgroup烯丙基Allylic烯丙型的Phenylgroup苯基Arylgroup芳基Benzylgroup芐基Benzylic芐型的Activatinggroup活化基團Chromophore生色團Auxochrome助色團Magneticallyanisotropicgroup磁各向異性基團Smallyring小環(huán)Commonring普通環(huán)Mediumrimg中環(huán)Largering大環(huán)Bridged-ringsystem橋環(huán)體系Spirocompound螺環(huán)化合物Helicalmolecule螺旋型分子Octahedralcompound八面體化合物Conjugation共軛Conjugated-system共軛體系Acylcation酰基正離子Benzyliccation芐基正離子Arenirmion芳基正離子Ketylradical羰自由基Radicalion自由基離子Radicalcation自由基正離子Radicalanion自由基負離子Isomerism異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Aciform酸式Fluxionalstructure循變結(jié)構(gòu)Stereochemistry立體化學Opticalactivity光學活性Dextroisomer右旋異構(gòu)體Laevoisomer左旋異構(gòu)體Tetrahedralconfiguration四面體構(gòu)型Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Asymmetricatom不對稱原子Asymmetriccarbon不對稱碳Pseudoasymmetriccarbon假不對稱碳Phantomatom虛擬原子Homotopic等位的Heterotopic異位的Enantiotopic對映異位腯Diastereotopic非對映異位的Configuration構(gòu)型Absoluteconfiguration絕對構(gòu)型Chirality手性Chiral手性的Chiralcenter手性中心Chiralmolecule手性分子Achiral非手性的Fischerprojection費歇爾投影式Neomanprojection紐曼投影式D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命名體系R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命名體系Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence順序規(guī)則Symmetryfactor對稱因素Planeofsymmetry對稱面Mirrorsymmetry鏡面對稱Enantiomer對映異構(gòu)體Diastereomer非對映異構(gòu)體Epimer差向異構(gòu)體Anomer端基差向異構(gòu)體Erythroconfiguration赤型構(gòu)型Erythroisomer赤型異構(gòu)體Threoconfiguration蘇型構(gòu)型Threoisomer蘇型異構(gòu)體Trigonalcarbon三角型碳Cis-transisomerism順反異構(gòu)EisomerE異構(gòu)體ZisomerZ異構(gòu)體Endoisomer內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體Exoisomer外型異構(gòu)體Prochirality前手性Pro-Rgroup前R基團Pro-Sproup前S基團RefaceRe面SifaceSi面Racemicmixture外消旋混合物Racemiccompound外消旋化合物Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固體溶液Mesocompound內(nèi)消旋化合物Quasirecemate準外消旋體有機化學專業(yè)英語2Conformation構(gòu)象Conformational構(gòu)象分析Torsionangle扭轉(zhuǎn)角Rotamer旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Anticonformation反式構(gòu)象Bisectingconformation等分構(gòu)象Antiperiplanarconformation反疊構(gòu)象Synperiplanarconformation順疊構(gòu)象Synclinalconformation反錯構(gòu)象Synclinalconformation順錯構(gòu)象Eclipsedconformation重疊構(gòu)象Gaucheconformation,skewcon-formation鄰位交叉構(gòu)象Staggeredconformation對位交叉構(gòu)象Stericeffect空間效應Sterichindrance位阻Atropismer阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Puckeredring折疊環(huán)Conformationalinversion構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn)Chairconformation椅型構(gòu)象Boatconformation船型構(gòu)象Twistconformation扭型構(gòu)象Skewboatconformation扭船型構(gòu)象Half-chairconformation半椅型構(gòu)象Pseudorotation假旋轉(zhuǎn)Envelopeconformation信封型構(gòu)象Axialbond直立鍵Equatorialbond平伏鍵Cisoidconformation順向構(gòu)象Transoidconformation反向構(gòu)象Retentionofconfiguration構(gòu)型保持Regioselectivity區(qū)域選擇性Regiospecificity區(qū)域?qū)Ｒ恍許tereocelectivity立體選擇性Stereospecificty立體專一性Conformer構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體Conformationaleffect構(gòu)象效應Cramsrube克拉姆規(guī)則Prelogrule普雷洛格規(guī)則Stereochemicalorientation立體化學取向Conformationaltransmission構(gòu)象傳遞Homolog同系物Ipsoposition本位Orthoposition鄰位Metaposition間位Paraposition對位Amphiposition遠位Periposition近位Trigonalhybridization三角雜化Molecularorbiralmethod分子軌道法Valencebondmethod價鍵法Delocalezedbond離域鍵Crossconjugation交叉共軛Vinylog插烯物Mesomericeffect中介效應Resonance共振Resonanceeffect共振效應Hyperconjugation超共軛Isovalenthyperconjugation等價超共軛No-bondresonance無鍵共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromaticsexter芳香六隅Huckelrule休克爾規(guī)則Paramagneticringcurrent順磁環(huán)電流Diamagneticringcruuent抗磁環(huán)電流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternanthydrocarbon交替烴Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替烷Pericyclicreaction周環(huán)反應Electrocyclicrearrangement電環(huán)化重排Conrotatory順旋Disroatatory對旋Cycloaddition環(huán)加成Symmetryforbidden-reaction對稱禁阻反應Synfacialreaction同面反應Antarafacialreaction異面反應Mobiussystem默比烏斯體系Leoisstructure路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)Coordinate-covalentbond配位共價鍵Bananabond香蕉鍵Paulingelectronegativityscale鮑林電負性標度Polarizability可極化性Inductiveeffect誘導效應Fieldeffect場效應有機化學專業(yè)英語3Electricaleffect電場效應tautomerism互變異構(gòu)Tautomerization互變異構(gòu)化Keto-enoltautomerism酮-烯醇互變異構(gòu)Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-酮互變異構(gòu)Imine-enamineatutomerism亞胺-烯胺互變異構(gòu)Ring-chaintautomerism環(huán)-鏈互變異構(gòu)Valencetautomerism價互變異構(gòu)Ambident兩可的Solventeffect溶劑效應Acid-basecatalyxedreaction酸性溶劑Basicsolvent堿性溶劑Dielectricconstant介電常數(shù)Solvatedelectron溶劑化電子Acid-basecatalyzedreaction酸堿催化反應Conjugatebase共軛酸Conjugatebase共軛堿Thermodynamicacidity熱力學酸度Kineticacidity動力學酸度Electrondonof-acceptorcomplex,EDAcomplex電子給體受體絡合物Host主體Guest客體Primaryisotopeeffect一級同位素效應Secondaryisotopeeffect二級同位數(shù)效應Inverseisotopeeffect逆同位素效應Kineticcontrol動力學控制Thermodynamiccontrol熱力學控制Substrate底物Intermediate中間體Reactiveintermediate活潑中間體Microscopicreversibility微觀可逆性Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假說Linearfreeenergy線性自由能Non-bondedinteraction非鍵相互作用Torsionaleffect扭轉(zhuǎn)效應Pitzerstrain皮策張力Restrictedrotation阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)Eclipsingeffect重疊效應Eclipsingstrain重疊張力Small-anglestrain小角張力Largeanglestrain大角張力Transannularinteraction跨環(huán)相互作用Transannularstrain跨環(huán)張力Istrain內(nèi)張力Fstrain前張力Bstrain后張力Anomericeffect端基異構(gòu)效應Waldeninversion瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)Racemization外消旋化Isoinversion等反轉(zhuǎn)Isoracemization等消旋Homochiral純手性的Mechanism機理Unimolecularnucleophilic單分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsub-stitution雙分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsubsti-tution(withallylicrearrange-ment)雙分子親核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internalnucleophilicsubstiru-tion分子內(nèi)親核取代Aromaticnucleophilicsubstitu-tion芳香親核取代Unimolecularelectrophilicsub-stitution單分子親電取代Bimolecularelectrophilicsubsti-tution雙分子親電取代Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-larelectrophilicsubstitution親核體協(xié)助單分子親電取代Unimolecularelimination單分子消除Bimolecularelimination雙分子消除Unimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase單分子共軛堿消除Bimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase雙分子共軛堿消除Bimoleculareliminationwithfor-mationofacarbonylgroup雙分子羰基形成消除Unimolecularacid-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂Bimolecularbase-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂Unimolecularacid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂Bimllecularbase-catalyzedal-kyl-oxygencle有機化學專業(yè)英語4avage雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂-allylcomplexmechanism烯丙型絡合機理Borderlinemechanism邊理機理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis異裂Heterolyticmichanism異裂機理Counrergegenion反荷離子Ionpair離子對Carbocation碳正離子Nonclassicalcarbocation非經(jīng)典碳正離子Carbanion碳負離子Maskedcarbanion掩蔽碳負離子Carbenoid卡賓體Carbene卡賓Nitrene氮賓Carbine碳炔Electrophilicaddition親電加成Electrophile親電體Diaxialaddition雙直鍵加成Markovnikovsrube馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)則Anti-Markovnikovaddition反馬氏加成Michaeladdition邁克爾加成Substitution取代Electrophilicsubstitution親電取代Addition-eliminationmechanism加成消除機理Electrophilicaromaticsubstitu-tion親電芳香取代Electrontransfer電子轉(zhuǎn)移Electron-donatinggroup給電子基團Electron-Withdrawinggroup吸電子基團Deactivatinggroup鈍化基團Orinentation取向Ortho-paradirectinggroup鄰對位定位基Metadirectinggroup間位定位基Orthoeffect鄰位效應Partialratefactor分速度系數(shù)Nucleophilicreaction親核反應Internalreturn內(nèi)返Nucleophilicity親核體Nucleophilicity親核性-effect-效應Backsideattack背面進攻Inversion反轉(zhuǎn)Umbrellaeffect傘效應Push-pulleffect推拉效應Leavinggroup離去基團Electrofuge離電體Nucleofuge離核體Phase-transfercatalysis相轉(zhuǎn)移催化Neighboringgroupparticipation鄰基基參與Neighboringproupassistance,anchimericassistance鄰助作用Neighboringgroupeffect鄰基效應Apofacialreaction反面反應Briddgeheaddisplacement橋頭取代Arylaction芳正離子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsevrule札依采夫規(guī)則Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采夫定向Hofmannsrule霍夫曼規(guī)則Bredtrule布雷特規(guī)則Initiation引發(fā)Anioniccleavage負離子裂解Partialbondfixation鍵的部分固定化023有機化學反應Alkylation烷基化C-alkylationC-烷基化O-alkylationO-烷基化N-alkylationN-烷基化Silylation硅烷基化Exhaustivemethylation徹底甲基化Secoalkylation斷裂烷基化Demethylation脫甲基化Ethylation乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation?；疐ormylation甲酰化Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination氨基化Bisamination雙氨基化Cinesubstitution移位取代Transamination氨基交換有機化學專業(yè)英語5Hydroxylation羥基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧鹵化Allylichalogenation烯丙型鹵化Dehalogenation脫鹵Nitration硝化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧硝化Nitrosation亞硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation氯磺?；疍esulfonation脫磺酸基Sulfenylation亞磺?；疭ulfonylation磺?；疌hlorosulfenation氯亞磺?；疌hlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazotransfer重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移Couplingreaction偶聯(lián)反應Diazoniumcoupling重氮偶聯(lián)Cross-couplingreaction交叉偶聯(lián)反應1,4-addition1，4-加成Conjugateaddition共軛加成Dimerization二聚Trimefization三聚Additivedimerization加成二聚sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration硼氫化Oxyamination羥氨基化Insertion插入carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation加氫甲?；疕ydroacylation加氫?；疧xoprocess羰基合成Decarbonylation脫羰Hydrocarboxylation氫羧基化Homologization同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脫氰乙基Ringclsure環(huán)合Dienesynthesis雙烯合成Dienophile親雙烯體Endoaddition內(nèi)型加成Exoaddition外型加成Diels-Alderreaction第爾斯-爾德反應RetroDiels-Alderreaction逆第爾斯-阿爾德反應Enesynthesis單烯合成Anioniccycloaddition負離子環(huán)加成Dipolaraddition偶極加成-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除Dehydrohalogenation脫鹵化氫Deamination脫氨基Pyrolyticelimination熱解消除Elimination-addition消除-加成Decarboxylation脫羧Decarboxamidation脫酰胺Decyanation脫氰基Alkylolysis,alkylcleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acylcleavage?；呀釬lashpyrolysis閃熱裂Fragmentation碎裂Chiletropicreaction螯鍵反應Chelation螯環(huán)化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交換Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aminomethylation氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation羥甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羥烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloalkylation鹵烷基化Transacetalation縮醛交換Enolization烯醇化Haloformreaction鹵仿反應Condensation縮合Aldolcondensation羥醛縮合Crossaldolcondensation交叉羥醛縮合Retrogradealdolcondensation逆羥醛縮合Acyloincondensation偶姻縮合有機化學專業(yè)英語6Cyclization環(huán)化Annulation,annelation增環(huán)反應Spiroannulation螺增環(huán)Autoxidation自氧化Allylichydroperoxylation烯丙型氫過氧化Epoxidation環(huán)氧化Oxonolysis臭氧解Electrochemicaloxidation電化學氧化Oxidativedecarboxylation氧化脫羧Aromatization芳構(gòu)化Catalytichydrogenation催化氫化Heterogeneoushydrogenation多相氫化Homogeneoushydrogenation均相氫化Catalyticdehydrogenation催化脫氫Transferhydrogenation轉(zhuǎn)移氫化Hydrogenolysis氫解Dissolvingmetalreduction溶解金屬還原Singleelectrontransfer單電子轉(zhuǎn)移Bimolecularreduction雙分子還原Electrochemicalreduction電化學還原Reductivealkylation還原烷基化Reductiveacylation還原?；疪eductivedimerization還原二聚Deoxygenation脫氧Desulfurization脫硫Deselenization脫硒Mitallation金屬化Lithiation鋰化Hydrometallation氫金屬化Mercuration汞化Oxymercuration羥汞化Aminomercuration氨汞化Abstraction奪取反應Internalabstraction內(nèi)奪取反應Rearrangement重排Prototropicrearrangement質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)移重排Doublebondmigration雙鍵移位Allylicmigration烯丙型重排Allylicmigration烯丙型遷移Ringcontraction環(huán)縮小反應Ringexpansion,ringenlargement擴環(huán)反應-ketolrearrangement-酮醇重排Pinacolrearrangement頻哪醇重排Retropinacolrearrangement逆頻哪醇重排Semipinacolrearrangement半頻哪醇重排Benzilicrearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Acylrearrangement?；嘏臡igratoryaptitude遷移傾向Transannularinsertion跨環(huán)插入Transannularrearrangement跨環(huán)重排Migration遷移Prototropy質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移Cationotropicrearrangement正離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Anionotropy負離子轉(zhuǎn)移Anionotropicrearrangement負離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Sigmatropicrearrangement-遷移重排Homosigmatropicrearrangement同遷移重排Electrophilicrearrangement親電重排Photosensitization光敏化Forbiddentransition禁阻躍遷photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光異構(gòu)化Photochemicalrearrangement光化學重排有機化合物類名Aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon碳氫化合物Alkane烷Wax蠟Paraffinwax石蠟Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Activehydrogencompounds活潑氫化合物Carbonacid碳氫酸Superacid超酸Diene雙烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累積多烯Enyne烯炔Diyne二炔Alkylhalide鹵代烷Alcohol醇Homoallylicalcohol高烯丙醇Ether醚有機化學專業(yè)英語7Epoxide環(huán)氧化物Cellosolve溶纖劑Crownether冠醚Netrocompound硝基化合物Amine胺Quaternaryammoniumcom-pound季銨化合物Amineoxide氧化胺Diazoalkane重氮烷Mercaptan硫醇Sulfonicacid磺酸Sulfoxide亞砜Sulfone砜Aldehyde醛Detone酮Aldehydehydrate醛水合物Ketonehydrate酮水合物Hemiacetal半縮醛Acetal縮醛acetal化乙縮醛,乙縮醛二乙醇Ketal縮酮Dithiane二噻烷Aminal縮醛胺imine亞胺Aldimine醛亞胺Oxime肟Aldimine醛肟Oxime亞硝基化合物aldoxime硝酮Hydrazone腙Azine嗪Semicarbazone縮氯基脲Cyanohydrin羥腈Pinacol頻哪醇Enol烯醇Enolether烯醇醚Enolester烯醇酯Enamine烯胺Ynamine炔胺Mannichbase曼尼希堿Carboxylicacid羧酸Ester酯orthoester原酸酯Acylhalide酰鹵Acylfluoride酰氟Acylchloride酰氯Acylrtomide酰溴Acyliodide酰碘Carbobenzoxychloride芐氧甲酰氯Acyltosylate?；鶎妆交撬狒鸎etene乙烯酮Peracid過酸Perester過酸酯Acylperoxide?；^氧化物Nitrile腈Nitrileoxide氧化腈Isonitrile異腈Amide酰胺Imide二酰亞胺N-bromocompoundN-溴化物Hydrazide酰肼Acylazide酰疊氮Amidine脒Ketoester酮酸酯Acylcyanide酰腈Carbonsuboxide二氧化三碳Glycidicacid環(huán)氧丙酸Carbammicacid氨基甲酸Carbamate氨基甲酸酯Urea脲Cyanamide氨腈Carbodiimide碳二亞胺Allophanate脲基甲酸酯Thioester硫代酸酯Thiolacid硫羰酸Lactone內(nèi)酯Lactol內(nèi)半縮醛Macrolide大環(huán)內(nèi)酯Aminoacid氨基酸Zwitterions兩性離子Innersalt內(nèi)鹽Betaine甜菜堿Lactam內(nèi)酰胺Hydantion乙內(nèi)酰脲Peptide肽Glycol二醇有機化學專業(yè)英語8Aldol羥醛Acyloin偶姻Carbohydrate碳水化合物Aldose醛糖Ketose酮糖Furanose呋喃糖Pyranose吡喃糖Glycoside糖苷Glucoside葡萄糖苷Aglycon苷元Saccharide糖類Oligosaccharide寡糖Polysaccharide多糖Alditol糖醇Osazone脎Alicycliccompound脂環(huán)化合物Cycloalkene環(huán)烷Spirane環(huán)烯Cagecompound螺烷Propellane籠型化合物Rotazane螺槳烷Catenane輪烷Rusedring索烴化學專業(yè)英語詞匯常用前后綴-acetal醛縮醇acetal-乙酰acid酸-al醛alcohol醇-aldehyde醛alkali-堿allyl丙烯基alkoxy-烷氧基-amide酰胺amino-氨基的-amidine脒-amine胺-ane烷anhydride酐anilino-苯胺基aquo-含水的-ase酶-ate含氧酸的鹽、酯