江蘇省中考英語 八下 Unit 18要點復習 牛津版.doc

unit 1一、 詞形變化northnorthern southsouthern easteastern westwestern marrymarried wifewives pollutepollution lonelyablone situatesituation recentrecently possiblepossiblyimpossiblecommunicatecommunication exactexactly 二、 重要短語in the past 在過去at present 現(xiàn)在=at the moment just now 剛才used to do sth 過去常常-，曾經be / get used to sth / doing sth 習慣于be used to do sth 被用來做since then 自從那時起=from the on turn/ change-into -把變成over/ during/ in the past / last-在過去的(時間)中over the years 在這些年中over the past century 在過去的一百年中a waste of time 浪費時間in some ways 在某種程度上，在某些方面feel lonely 覺得孤獨from time to time 時常，有時候=at times / sometimes have an interview with sb 采訪/ 面試某人=interview sb all ones life 一生，終生go abroad 出國keep in touch (with sb ) (與某人) 保持聯(lián)系communicate with sb 和某人交流open space 開闊地share sth with sb 和某人分享某物be kind to sb 對某人好the changes in beijing 北京的變化transport at different times 不同時代的交通工具go around the city 到市郊wait for-等候know-well 熟悉，對很了解in the northern part of-在的北部=in the north of-=in the northern-get married 結婚get/ be married to sb 和某人結婚，嫁/娶某人move to-搬到move (-) away (把) 搬走move into -搬進change a lot 變化很大post office 郵政局in the town centre 在鎮(zhèn)中心=in the centre of town a steel factory 鋼廠put the waste into the river 把廢物排進河里improve the situation 改善狀況play cards 打牌 play chinese chess下中國象棋railway station 火車站living condition生活條件；居住環(huán)境a modern town 一個現(xiàn)代化的城鎮(zhèn)communicate by email 通過電子郵件聯(lián)系make communication much easier 使得交流容易得多take place 發(fā)生primary school 小學on ones own 獨自=by oneself enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒適的生活on both sides 在兩邊= on each/ either side run through-貫穿 三、 重點語言點1. used to do 表示過去常做而現(xiàn)在已經不再發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，其否定形式可用usednt do 或者didnt use to ， there used to be 過去有be used to sth / doing sth 習慣于，to 是介詞，其賓語可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是動名詞。2. marry是不及物動詞和短暫性動詞，其后接賓語時用to而不能用with，與一段時間連用時須改為be married 3. -has changed a lot- 變化很大=many / great changes have taken place -=there have been great/many changes -8b 單元復習要點2（unit2）一、 詞形變化traveltravellingtraveller missmissing marrymarrieddiedyingdeaddeath beautybeautiful busybusiness flyflight directdirectlyindirect 二、 重點短語roller coaster 過山車such as 例如a couple of- 一對，幾個at the end of -在末尾on business 出差，做生意theme park 主題公園go sailing 去航海place of interest 名勝go for a holiday 去度假on holiday 在度假a trip to hong kong 去香港的旅行have a fantastic time 玩得高興=have fun= enjoy oneself spend the whole day 度過一整天at high speed 以高速through the ride 在過程中hurry to -匆忙到in a hurry 匆忙地cant stop doing 不停地做later in the afternoon 傍晚前后take photos 拍照winter /summer holiday 寒假chinese gardens 中國園林places of natural beauty自然美景的地方seaside cities 海濱城市all year round 一年到頭the best time to do 做某事的最佳時間take a direct flight 乘直達航班l(xiāng)eave (-) for - 動身去-fly to- 乘飛機去=go to -by plane/ air some day (將來) 某一天watch the fireworks 觀看煙火a visit / trip to -去的旅行/ 參觀at this / that time of year 在每年的這個/ 那個時候dolphin show 海豚表演by the way 順便問一下go for a picnic 去野餐attend a meeting 參加/出席會議三、 重要語言點1. have/ has been to - has/ have been to -意為“去過”表示主語過去的經歷，但現(xiàn)在已經不在目的地，常和ever, never, before, once , twice 等連用he has been to the usa twice. 他去過美國兩次。where have you been ? i have waited for a long time. 你去哪了？我等了你很久了。2. have/ has gone to- has/have gone to-意為“去了”，表示主語現(xiàn)在的去向，已經不在說話之處，一般只用于第三人稱，常和just, already 等連用where has she gone ? i have something important to tell her.她去哪了？我有些重要的事情要告訴她。suzy is not at home. she has gone to the bookshop. suzy不在家，她去書店了。3. have/ has been in/ at- has/ have been in/ at -意為“在/ 到一段時間了”，表示主語已經在目的地，been in/at 代替了短暫性動詞come/ go to -, arrive in/at-, reach/ get to -等，常和for-/ since-一起連用 mr. wang has been in nanjing since he was born. 王先生出生以來就在南京了。牛津英語8b 單元復習要點( unit 3)一、 重要的詞形變化asiaasian africaafrican europeeuropean americaamerican southsouthern darkdarkness relaxrelaxingrelaxed musicmusical pleasepleasedpleasantpleasure twentytwentieth britainbritish tourtourist centrecentral 二、 重點短語in the past 在過去the other day 幾天前so far 到現(xiàn)在為止=up to now / till now realize your dream 實現(xiàn)你的夢想some day 某一天（將來）on the southern coast of australia 在澳大利亞的東南海岸(be ) the opposite of-在的對面，和相反/對a ship with many sails 一艘有許多帆的船on the website 在網頁上for example/ such as 例如mind sb/ sbs doing 介意某人做某事daily english 日常英語book tickets 預訂票order meals 點餐see a doctor 看醫(yī)生/ 看病place of natural beauty 自然美景prepare for -為做好準備=get ready for-take an online tour 進行一次網上旅行remote control 遙控器main unit 主機do word processing 文字處理world-famous trade centre 聞名世界的貿易中心in the darkness 在黑暗中send and receive emails 收發(fā)電子郵件so such for sth 到此為止=thats all for sthdream of/ about-夢見/夢想my pleasure 不用謝，樂意效勞(事后)=its my/a pleasurewith pleasure 樂意，愿意做(事前)be made up of-由組成around the world 全世界，世界各地place of interest 名勝search for information 搜尋信息click on the icon 點擊這個圖標at the top of-在頂端at the bottom of-在底部at the southern end of-在最南端further on 再往前走，繼續(xù)向前see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness 看巨大的玻璃球劃破夜幕降落下來after a hard days work 在一天的辛勤工作后be famous for -因而出名since the early twentieth century 自20世紀初以來hear of / about -聽說what-for ?為什么in daily communication 在日常交流中welcome the new year迎接新年(的到來)三、 主要語言點和語法1. would you mind showing me how to start this online tour ?no, of course not ./ certainly not. / not at all.sorry , (youd) better not.2. what do you usually use your computer for ?=what do you usually use your computer to do ?3. with pleasure 與my pleasure with pleasure回答別人的請求，用于做事情前，my pleasure回答別人的感謝，用于事情完成后。4. 區(qū)分一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時牛津英語8b 單元復習要點( unit 4)一、 重要的詞形變化germangermany knowknowledgefrenchfrance writewriter uglybeautifulpretty tietying stomachstomachs ableunableability successsucceedsuccessfulsuccessfully sellsale canadacanadian hidehidden confidenceconfident adviseadvice librarylibrarian 二、 重點短語do some reading / cooking 看書/ 做飯read novels 看小說in ones spare/ free time 在某人有空的時候be tired out 筋疲力盡not-until 直到才fall over 跌倒，摔倒continue to do / doing 繼續(xù)做某事either-or-不是就是/ 或者或者lift his left hand 舉起他的左手hand -in 上交/ 遞交an army of -一群be unable to do -不能/ 不會做and so on 等等return sth to sb 把歸還給某人=give -back to sb on time 準時publishing house 出版社so far 到現(xiàn)在為止refuse to do sth 拒絕做某事have success in-取得成功a great success 巨大的成功translate -into-把翻譯成be translated into 7o languages 被翻譯成70種語言on sales 特價，減價出售open up 開啟， 開創(chuàng)at a time 每次，依次advise sb to do sth hidden treasure 寶藏have confidence in -對有信心a copy of -一份，一本reach the box on the fridge 夠到冰箱上的盒子a book (written) by sb 某人寫的書improve my knowledge 提高我的知識crash against the rocks 撞到巖石as-as sb can/ could 盡可能地=as -as possible go to sleep 去睡覺wake-up 醒來，喚醒swim as far as he could 奮力前游tie-to -把綁/ 栓/ 捆到上be tied to -被綁/ 捆/ 栓到上the same size as -和一樣大小shout at / to -朝大喊pull my hand free 掙脫我的手run away from them 逃離他們manage to do 設法完成某事get away 逃跑ask for help 尋求幫助keep quiet 保持安靜as a result 結果，因此on the one hand ,on the other hand 一方面，另一方面all year round 一年到頭in fact 事實上，實際上exciting experiences 令人興奮的經歷reading habits 閱讀習慣different types of-不同之類的four great classical chinese novels 中國四大古典小說opposite my home 在我家對面三、 主要語言點和語法1. the same +n. as -和一樣2. as -as sb/ can =as -as possible 3. 疑問詞+ to do 充當主語， 表語， 賓語advise, ask, decide, discuss, find out, forget, know, learn ,remember, show, teach, think, understand, wonder, explain4. have to 與must 的區(qū)別 牛津英語8b 單元復習要點( unit 5)一、 詞形變化politeimpolitepolitely properproperly greetgreeting behavebehavior tilluntil loudloudly saysaying romeroman discussdiscussion romanroamns expressexpression warnwarning successsucceedsuccessfulsuccessfully 二、 重點短語good manners 良好的習慣，有禮貌cut in ( on sb ) 打斷，插嘴shake ones hand 握手=shake hands with sb avoid doing sth 避免做某事pick-up 撿起，拾起pick flowers 摘花jump the queue 插隊wait/ queue for ones turn 排隊等候push in 插隊in public 公開地public signs 公共標志in ones way 擋住某人的路on ones way to -在某人去的路上by the way 順便問一下close friends 親密的朋友bump into sb 無意碰到/ 撞到某人push past sb 從某人身邊擠過去all the time 一直，始終all the same 仍然at times 有時候just as the saying goes 正如諺語所說start a conversation 開始對話keep your voice down 壓低你的嗓音be helpful to sb 對某人有幫助的write down all the main points 寫下所有的要點be busy with sth 忙于某事be busy doing sth 忙著做某事on ones own 獨自地=by oneself express himself clearly 清楚地表達(他)自己dancing lessons 舞蹈課be used in -用于in colours 在色彩上take photos 拍照take turns to do sth 輪流做某事excuse me 打擾一下，勞駕as well (as) 也， 還有by accident 偶然，意外explain sth to sb 向某人解釋某事keep sb from sth 保護，使免受warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人(不)做某事no parking / smoking/ photots/ littering 禁止停車/ 吸煙/ 拍照/ 扔垃圾the purpose of -的目標soon after 不久以后share sth with sb 和某人分享drop litter everywhere 隨手扔垃圾keep quiet 保持安靜obey traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則leave the tap running 讓水龍頭開著(流水)put-back 放回去invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事the proper way to greet people 問候人的正確方式for the first time 第一次greet people with a kiss 用親吻問候人behave politely 舉止文明a famous painting by picasso 一幅畢加索的名畫practise doing sth 練習做某事come true 實現(xiàn)in ones life 在一生中after years hard work 在數(shù)年的艱苦工作后make too much noise 發(fā)出太大的噪音reach over sbs plate for sth 越過別人的盤子夠東西make sure 務必，一定，確保wait for -等候at the table 在桌旁table manners 餐桌禮儀its ones turn to do sth 輪到某人做某事give a talk 做報告。做演講take place 發(fā)生，舉行三、 主要語言點和語法1. 主語+動詞+too +形容詞/副詞 ( for sb ) + to do sth 2. 主語+動詞+形容詞/ 副詞+enough (for sb ) to do sth .3. 主語+動詞+so +形容詞/ 副詞+that +主語+動詞4. 常見英語諺語 its /youre never too late to learn. 活到老學到老。 when in rome, do as roman do. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 the early bird catches the worm. 捷足先登。 it never rains but it pours. 禍不單行。 many hands make light work. 眾人拾柴火焰高。 every dog has his/its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 put all your egge in one basket. 孤注一擲。 the grass is always greener on the other side. 風景在別處. / 鄰家芳草綠。 actions speak louder than words.行動勝過語言。 no pain, no gain. 一份耕耘，一份收獲。 a friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見真情。 practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧 burn the candle at both ends. 蠟燭兩頭燒。/ 過度勞累。牛津英語8b 單元復習要點( unit 6)一、 詞形變化traintraining homehomeless meanmeaningmeaningful oldelderly ableabilitydisableddisability goldgolden confidentconfidence closecloselyclosed donatedonation organizeorganizationorganized introduceintroduction survivesurvivor operateoperation 二、 重點短語the olympic games 奧運會=the olympics give a helping hand 伸出援助之手give up ( sth/ doing ) 放棄sunshine for all 陽光普照每個人volunteer for 主動承擔/ 志愿volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事some more 又一些/再一些at work 在工作，在上班try/ do ones best to do 盡力做某事in need 有需要,在危難中people who need help 需要幫助的人the elderly 老年人the homeless people 無家可歸者a disabled person 殘疾人blind people 盲人provide sth for sb 給某人提供某物=provide sb with sththe special olympics world games 特奧會a chance to do sth 做某事的機會the most amazing experience of his life 他一生中最最令人驚異的經歷work as a volunteer 做一名志愿者children with intellectual disabilities 有智力障礙的兒童such as 例如receive training 接受培訓make the event a great success 使這個活動獲得很大成功north china 華北be born with -生來具有的，天生的be born deaf 生來就聾try (not) to do sth 努力（不）做because of -因為，由于work closely 密切合作get to do sth 獲得做某事的機會swimming lessons 游泳課come true 實現(xiàn)be different from -與不同show their skills to the world 向世界展示他們的技能such an event 這樣的活動make friends with sb 和某人交朋友a college student 大學生a primary school teacher 小學教師keep in touch (with -) (和)保持聯(lián)系in a mountain area 在山區(qū)give him books to read 給他書看at community centre 在社區(qū)中心take action to do sth 采取行動做某事sb with serious disease 有嚴重疾病的人expect (sb ) to do sth 期待(某人) 做某事be similar to -與相似be confident in -對有信心achieve/ realize ones dream 實現(xiàn)夢想donate sth to -捐給raise sth for -為籌集project hope 希望工程do / perform an operation on sb 給某人做手術=operate on sb win (the) first prize 獲得第一名=come first be close to -靠近三、 主要語言點和語法1. it is + adj. + to do sth2. it is + adj. +for sb + to do sth=doing sth is +adj. for sb .形容詞表示不定式所具備的特征或客觀情況，描述的是事情如：hard, difficult, easy, important, interesting, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible , useful, useless, boring, exciting，介詞for的賓語的動作的邏輯主語3. it is + adj.+of sb + to do sth=sb is +adj. (+enough ) to do sth . 形容詞描述的是人的特征、品質等，如：brave, careless, clever, foolish, generous, good, helpful, honest, kind, nice, polite, silly, stupid, wrong, right, bad, strong, kind ,nice, wise, selfish, generous, careful, careless牛津英語8b 單元復習要點( unit 7)一、 詞形變化speciallyespecially educateeducation interviewinterviewer blindblindness mostmostly medicinemedical traettreatment operateoperation proudpride developdevelopment includeincluding indiaindian organizeorganizationorganied readreader holdheld secretsecretary officeofficer 二、 重點短語can / cant afford sth 沒有/ 有足夠的錢買某物can/ cant afford to do sth 沒有/ 有足夠的錢做某事go to hospital 去看病see the doctor 看病on board 在飛機 ( 船/ 車等 )上carry on with sth 繼續(xù)某事caarry on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事hand-out 分發(fā)，提出hand -in 上交it doesnt matter 不要緊，沒關系=never mind set up 成立，建立，設立make up ones mind (to do sth) 下定決心 (做某事)worry about -擔心international charities 國際慈善機構all over/ around the world 全世界work for the equal rights 為了平等權利而工作provide basic education 提供基礎教育have a check 檢查keep asking oneself 不停地/ 不斷地問自己get/ have (a) toothache 牙疼hold a charity show 舉行一次慈善演出medical treatment 醫(yī)療prevent the spread of diseases 阻止疾病的擴散too weak to walk/ go any further （身體）太弱不能前行be proud of - 為感到自豪be the pride of -是的驕傲developing country 發(fā)展中國家developed country 發(fā)達國家whats the matter ( with sb ) ?怎么啦？=whats wrong ?have an interview with sb 采訪某人do/ perform an operation 做手術be used as a training centre 被用作培訓中心be used to do sth / for doing sth 被用來做某事be used to sth/ doing 習慣于某事/ 做某事hope to become/ be a teacher 希望成為一名教師on the farm 在農場上all day ( long) 整天the conditions of the local people 當?shù)厝说那闆rbe afraid of sb/ sth / doing 害怕train as a nurse 培訓成一名護士drive to work 開車上班attend courses 上課make noise 吵鬧nothing serious 不嚴重take medicine after meals 飯后服藥in a few days the united nations 聯(lián)合國the students union 學生會many millions of -數(shù)百萬的三、 主要語言點和語法1. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)句子的謂語部分由助動詞be +動詞的過去分詞,其中，助動詞be來體現(xiàn)時態(tài)的變化。2. 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構成：s(主語）+am/is /are +v-ed 3. 一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構成：was/were+ v-ed 4. 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的注意點： 主動和被動時態(tài)一致原則, 主動句在改為被動句時，須注意時態(tài)一致; 注意主動句和被動句中主語與賓語“格”的變化 主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z須使用主格，主動句的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞馁e語須用賓格; 被動句注意主謂一致的原則被動句中的謂語動詞與主語須保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。5. 使用被動語態(tài)的注意點：感官動詞、使役動詞等在主動語態(tài)中后接零動詞不定式變成被動語態(tài)時要加上“to” 即：-see/hear/notice sb. do sth.變?yōu)榱?sb. be seen/heard/noticed to do sth. -let/make/have sb. do sth.變?yōu)榱?sb. be let/made/had to do sth. 雙賓語結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的兩種情況： 1）常把間接賓語即（sb）變?yōu)橹髡Z 2）若把直接賓語(即sth.)變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z時，常在保留賓語前加to或for。 主動語態(tài)中“動詞+介詞”或“動詞+副詞”的短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。請注意以下幾種不用被動語態(tài)的情況：a. 不及物動詞（vi）沒有被動語態(tài), 下列動詞直接用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。如：happen, cost, die, fall ,start/begin, rise, appear, disappear， etc.b. 聯(lián)系動詞（linking v）沒有被動語態(tài)（seem, look, become, get, grow, turn, remain, stay, sound, feel, smell, taste等），只能用系表結構，注意與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。c. 一些短語動詞相當于不及物動詞，沒有被動結構, 直接用主動形式