外文翻譯--中國生態(tài)旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀和措施的研究

1 中文 3220 字 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 外文翻譯 Research on the Present Situation and Measures for Sustainable Development of China Ecotourism ZOU Xiaoling School of Economic Management Henan Polytechnic University jiaozuoHenna,P.R.China,454000 rudz-xl163 Com Abstract： As an inevitable trend of the sustainable development of tourism, Eco-tourism has become a mainstream of international tourism in the 2l the century, but a lot of problems still exist in the growth of China s Eco-tourism This paper firstly explains the connotation of Eco-tourism and then analyzes the main problems of it at present in China from four aspects Based on the series of problems in Eco-tourism reality, developing and operating modes suitable for the Eco-tourism in China is lastly put forward Keywords ： Eco-tourism ； Sustainable development ； Natural Surroundings ； Countermeasures 1 Instruction Eco-tourism is a new type of traveling which thrives rapidly and has become the focus in the tourist circle As sustainable tourism, eco-tourism is considered as the top and inevitable choice in the realization of sustainable development of tourism and therefore draws rich worldwide attention and obtains rapid growth, which makes it the mainstream of international tourism in the 21 the century However, in the course of its development, a lot of problems still need further probing to realize sustainable development 2 Connotation of Eco-tourism Eco-tourism is a thoroughly new type of traveling which comes into being and is advocated due to the influence that traveling has on the environment The concept of earlier eco-tourism refers to the idea of returning to nature” and“ going back to 2 plainness” in tourism, which stresses the exploitation of natural sightings in tourism development In recent years， Eco-tourism is defined by International Eco-tourism Society as traveling with double responsibilities of reserving natural environment and the life of local people what the Eco-tourism stresses is the protection of natural sightings，and it can be called sustainable traveling Frangialli, General Secretary of World Tourism Organization of UN， pointed out in the world Eco-tourism summit,“ Eco-tourism and its sustainable development bear imminent tasks in three aspects： economically， stimulate the economy and cut down the number of the poor； socially, create jobs for the vulnerable groups； environmentally, provide necessary financial report for the protection of natural and cultural resources All those involved in Eco-tourism should work with joint effort for the realization of the three objectives” Eco-tourism has a lot in common with sustainable development, to be specific the objective of the former is to realize the latter 3 Problems with the eco-tourism in China China has favorable conditions for eco-tourism development： first, it has a great number of potential travelers。 and the demand for eco-tourism is on the increase with the awakening of peoples ecological awareness； secondly, it possesses rich eco-tourism resources. The results obtained by China National Committee of Man and Biosphere(MAB)of UNESCO in its investigation in more than 100 nature reserves of provincial or higher levels indicate that 82 of the reserves have been in the formal business of tourism, and 12 of the reserves has more than 100， 000 travelers annually Eco-tourism in the nature reserves in China is now in the ascendant with the annual travelers close to 25 millions and the annual income approximating 520 millions Yuan Some of the reserves are playing the leading role in stimulating the local tourism Due to the short history of the tourism development in China, people still lack scientific understanding of the relation between traveling and environment and the eco-tourism development is still in its infancy Stresses are put on traveling in nature and exploiting traveling resources， while the influence on environment and damage on resources that traveling itself has are ignored Actually, tourism development has brought serious pollution to the environment and triggered a series of problem in reality, about which a lot of experts and scholars are concerned Problems in ecological tourism development are analyzed in four main aspects from the perspective of the objectives to 3 be achieved in ecological tourism 4 Explore a sustainable development of eco-tourism To have a sustainable development, the eco-tourism should be in harmony with nature without being at the cost of the environment There should be a proper pace of development, a limited number of tourists permitted and stronger environmental awareness Otherwise, too many tourists will bring overburden to the spots and destroy the surroundings indispensable for eco-tourism Accordingly, the sustainable development of eco-tourism will not be accomplished Based on the serious of problems in eco-tourism, we should focus on establishing developing and operating modes suitable for the eco-tourism in China and on correcting the inappropriate practice in its development 4 1 Strengthen legislation on eco-tourism, environmental management and scientific plan Legislation should be strengthened since vulnerable areas in ecological system are involved in eco-tourism zone It is an emergency to set up laws and regulations on eco-tourism development and supervision based on the existing laws of nature reserves and forest parks Taking nature reserves as an example， the surrounding management related to eco-tourism should be operated on different stages There are different focuses on different stages in aspects of surrounding management in project initiation stage and construction stage， in ecological monitoring and post-evaluation after the business starts In eco-tourism projecting， a team professional in ecological projecting can guarantee a good program, and voices from different interest groups should be listened and coordinated 。 Meanwhile ， as a special program, the eco-tourism project should subordinate to the general planning of the reserves or forest parks Before projecting, a serious of tasks should be finished Feasibility should be studied and traveling resource value and its market potential and the effect of tourist development on surroundings should be investigated and assessed Then projects of various kinds consistent with the eco-tourism objective should be designed, such as the land using project, sight project, water resource and energy project and environmental protection project, etc 4.2 Establish a special operating mode of enterprise engaged in eco-tourism developing and operating Multiple objectives should be taken into consideration when developing eco-tourism 4 products. Therefore， enterprises engaged in eco-tourism development and operation should not just chase for direct profit, they should carry on humanistic care in their strategic objective and hold the concept of green business in their operation and take it as their brand mark when establishing their image in the market Green business can be achieved through the developing and operating mode by which the eco-tourism enterprises bring the influence on surroundings down to the minimum in their operation For example, youth hotels and family inns which an less influential on surroundings are applicable for lodging To be green-business restaurants， selling of wild life and plants under protection should be prohibited and services going against the local custom and culture are not provided there Feasible authorization systems or free-will-based criteria like ecological symbol can be adopted in marketing of eco-tourism enterprises so as to show to the potential customers their consistence with the sustainable development principle and the reliability of their products and services. 4.3 Establish a training system of employees engaged in coo-tourism to make the locals involved It is impossible to stimulate the sustainable development of the local economy by exploiting ecological tourist zones if the locals are excluded from the exploitation and management The locals are the foundation of eco-tourism development as well as the alternative to improve the local employment and economy, and taking them into the exploitation and management of it is a key to its success. The high professional standards of ecological exploitation and management requires the establishment of the training system of people engaged in eco-tourism, which is an important bridge of converting the local labor force and a critical link to get the local truly involved The ecological tourist zone training system should be categorized into three levels：firstly, training of administrative staff Administrative staff includes those from the administrative department in charge of tourist zone surroundings and high-level managerial staff from the eco-tourism enterprises. The training can take the form of borrowing external brains like inviting ecological or tourist experts at regular intervals to give lectures or training classes Secondly is training of common employees Common employees are trained in the 5 regulation and requirements of eco-tourism zones and operation regulation of the enterprises in the principle of on-the-spot conversion The training can take the form of studying occupational traveling schools or traveling colleges funded with money got from the eco-tourism profit under the feedback mechanism And also the enterprises can hold on-the-job training to achieve the same goal Thirdly, popularize environmental protection knowledge among the locals It would be more acceptable to the locals if the concept of environment -friendly eco-tourism is combined with local culture and custom in various forms like publicity and education windows， broadcasting and television etc The locals are supposed to participate in the exploitation and management of eco-tourism like lodging reception, special transportation, tourist shopping and other traveling tours with local cultural characteristics and their opinions should also be considered in the determination of eco-tourism exploitation 4.4 Strengthen tourist management and provide eco-tourism market education Chinas tourists still lack environmental protection awareness at present, which will easily lead to the damage of ecological system and requires strict tourist management The management can be done in the following three aspects： Firstly, guide tourists by economic means like tickets and technical means like route planning and separated area planning in accordance with the environment bearing capability of the scenic spots to realize rational allocation of time and space and achieve the goal of not destroying the internal ecological system of the scenic spots Secondly, give tourists environment education by using showcases， video， posters，books， pamphlets and tourist guide interpreting system in the scenic spots Inform the tourists of the regulation they have to obey clearly before the tour starts It would be effective to educate and influence the tourists with the doings of the eco-tourism enterprise working staff and the environmental protection atmosphere in the surrounding communities Thirdly, law, regulation and systems should be set up in eco-tourism scenic spots to restrict tourists and avoid negative effects on the surroundings The implementation of the above measures can foster responsible tourists and serves as a market education means of eco-tourism It will necessarily accelerate the rising and 6 maturity of the eco-tourism market in China 4.5 Set up supplementary systems under the plan and guidance of ecological and traveling experts Eco-tourism demands developing and operating professionals and strong scientific support It is unrealistic for traveling enterprises to supply for a large number of researchers As a professional traveling type， on the one hand, eco-tourism should get technical innovation with the progress of environmental protection industry and apply its newest technology to the production； on the other hand, to minimize the influence traveling has on ecology, they have to undertake regular test, research and comparison of environment Additionally, eco-tourism research agencies are not qualified for the long-term management in the spots Therefore， it is quite necessary to establish supplementary systems under the plan and guidance of ecological and traveling experts As far as specific practice is concerned， first eco-tourism spots should establish friendly relation with research agencies whose experts the spots invite as their consultants or they set up think tank to provide guidance and consultation The experts or think tank make suggestion for the development of eco-tourism at the early stage of projecting and exploitation, provide environment reports for the administrative departments in charge of the spots regularly, and give proposals to rectify the actual deviations Second, strengthen the communication between eco-tourism administrative departments and research agencies Establish mechanism of cooperation between eco-tourism administrative departments and research agencies to strengthen innovative research of eco-tourism theories， promote technical and administrative innovation of eco-tourism and set down scientific regulation and technical standards of eco-tourism Through cooperation in the two aspects， research results of eco-tourism will be fully applied and a large number of experts and scholars be involved in the supplementary systems 5 Conclusion As a new economic growth point， eco-tourism promotes the development of tourism and helps enhance the local economic growth and gains support from governments of different levels. What must be done at present is to establish legal and regulation systems of eco-tourism to make all the work concerned with it legalized to achieve the goal of 7 legal establishment, legal operation and legal management To the projects which don t follow the requirement and damage the natural scenery resources， there should be rectification to lead them to the healthy developing way For the reason that China is still a toddler in eco-tourism and the theory and practice is at the exploring stage， the sustainable development of eco-tourism is a complicated and systematic project which has a long way to go In the process of implementation, we should use foreign advanced experiences for reference and have worldwide exchange to seek international cooperation and aid based on our national situation and the principle of Self-reliance By forging ahead with the developmental spirit call we achieve ecological protection and its permanent utility and the sustainable development of ecological tourism 二、翻譯文章 中國生態(tài)旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀和措施的研究 鄒曉玲 河南焦作理工大學(xué) 經(jīng)濟管理干部學(xué)院 郵編 ： 454000 摘要： 作為一種 旅游業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢，生態(tài)旅游已成為 21 世紀國際旅游的主流，但是，日益增長中的中國生態(tài)旅游存在著很多問題。本文首先解釋了生態(tài)旅游的基本內(nèi)涵，然后從四個方面分析中國生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀中存在的主要問題?；诎l(fā)展生態(tài)旅游存在一系列問題的現(xiàn)實 ,在文章的最后提出了適合中國生態(tài)旅游的開發(fā)和經(jīng)營模式。 關(guān)鍵詞： 生態(tài)旅游 ， 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 ， 自然環(huán)境 ， 對策 1 引言 生態(tài)旅游作為一種新型 的 發(fā)展迅速 的旅游方式 已成為旅游圈的焦點。 生態(tài)旅游作為可持續(xù)旅游被認為是在實現(xiàn)旅游業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然選擇，吸引全世界的關(guān)注并獲得快速增長，這使得 它成為 21 世紀國際旅游的主流，然而在其發(fā)展過程中 很多問題還需要進一步探索，以實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 2 生態(tài)旅游的內(nèi)涵 8 生態(tài)旅游作為一種徹底的新型的旅游方式出現(xiàn)，對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生 了一些 影響。早期生態(tài)旅游的概念指 的是“回歸自然”、“回歸樸實”，其中強調(diào)在旅游發(fā)展中開發(fā)自然風(fēng)景。近年來，國際生態(tài)旅游協(xié)會定義生態(tài)旅游 為 具有保留自然環(huán)境和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆畹碾p重責(zé)任。生態(tài)旅游注重自然的保護，也可以叫做可持續(xù)旅游。聯(lián)合國世界旅游組織秘書長 弗朗加利 ，在世界生態(tài)旅游峰會上指出：“生態(tài)旅游與可持續(xù)發(fā)展承擔(dān)三個方面的任務(wù)：經(jīng)濟，刺激經(jīng)濟和減少 貧困人口數(shù)量。社會，為弱勢群體創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會；環(huán)境，為天然和文化資源的保護提供必要的財政 報告。所有關(guān)聯(lián)到生態(tài)旅游的元素應(yīng)與參與工作的三個目標共同實現(xiàn)。” 生態(tài)旅游與可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有很多共同點，前者是細節(jié)，目標是實現(xiàn)后者。 3 中國生態(tài)旅游的問題 中國具有生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展的有利條件：首先，它有大量潛在的旅客。并且生態(tài)旅游的需求與 生態(tài)覺悟日漸加強 ； 其次 ，它擁有 豐 富的生態(tài)旅游資源。人與生物圈計劃 委員會 （ MAB）教科文組織在其 100 多個省級以上級別的自然保護區(qū)調(diào)查結(jié)果表明， 全國 儲備了 82 個正式的商務(wù)旅游，并且有 12 個儲備 地 年年超過 100,000 個旅客。生態(tài)旅游在中國自然保護區(qū)發(fā)展了接近 25 年，年收入 52000 萬元的儲備。其中部分儲備在 刺激地方旅游業(yè) 方面發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用 。 由于旅游業(yè)在中國發(fā)展的歷史很短，人們對旅游和環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系仍然缺乏科學(xué)的理解。并且生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展 初期， 重點在自然旅游和開發(fā)旅游資源，而 忽略 了旅游對環(huán)境本身的影響和破壞 。實際上， 很多專家和學(xué)者關(guān)注到，旅游業(yè)開發(fā)給環(huán)境帶來了嚴重的污染及 一系列的問題。 4 生態(tài)旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的探索 要想有可持續(xù)發(fā)展，生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展應(yīng)該與自然一致，不能以環(huán)境為代價。應(yīng)該有發(fā)展的適當(dāng)?shù)牟椒?限制旅游者數(shù)量，強化環(huán)保意識。否則， 過多游客 將帶來過重的負擔(dān)并且毀壞周圍不可缺少的生態(tài)旅游資源， 相應(yīng)地， 生態(tài)旅游的可持續(xù)發(fā)展是 不會成功的。基于生態(tài)旅游的嚴肅問題，我們應(yīng)該集中精力開發(fā)適用于中國生態(tài)旅游的操作方式并且改正不適合實際發(fā)展的做法。 4.1 加強關(guān)于生態(tài)旅游、環(huán)境管理和科學(xué)計劃 應(yīng)該加強 在生態(tài)學(xué)系統(tǒng)中脆弱的生態(tài)旅游區(qū)域 的 立法 ?；诂F(xiàn)有的自然區(qū)域和森林公園法律 ， 設(shè)定生態(tài)旅游 發(fā)展 的法律和規(guī)定顯得很緊急。以自然保護為例，與 9 生態(tài)旅游有關(guān)的周圍環(huán)境的管理應(yīng)分為不同的階段。環(huán)境管理不同的階段有不同的側(cè)重點，項目啟 蒙階段和建筑階段，生態(tài)監(jiān)督和建后評估。 根據(jù)生態(tài)旅游預(yù)測，一個生態(tài)計劃的專家團隊能夠設(shè)計出一個好的項目 并協(xié)調(diào)好不同的利益集團。與此同時，作為一項特別計劃，生態(tài)旅游項目應(yīng)服從于保護區(qū)或森林公園的總體規(guī)劃。預(yù)測之前，要先完成一系列的工作 ： 要進行可行性研究、旅游資源價值評估、市場潛力預(yù)測和對周圍環(huán)境的影響的調(diào)查。應(yīng)設(shè)計與生態(tài)旅游的目標一致的各種項目，如土地使用項目，景觀規(guī)劃，水資源和能源項目和環(huán)保項目等。 4.2 對從事生態(tài)旅游開發(fā)和經(jīng)營的企業(yè)建立一個特殊的運行模式 發(fā)展生態(tài)旅游產(chǎn)品時應(yīng)采取多個目標。因此，企