專題十二 主謂一致

專題十二 主謂一致【學法導航】在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應該與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致，如何判定，則要看句子的意思。在多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思及強調(diào)的內(nèi)容。具體來說，有就近原則；意義一致原則；整體原則；個體原則。掌握了這些原則，相信考生在今后的考試中就科以輕松地應對這一類型的考題?？忌莆樟诉@四條原則后，再看到題目的話，相信很容易就可以明白試題的考試意圖，并得到正確的答案！在做題的過程中總結(jié)原則，并把原則運用到試題中去，是一種很有效的學習策略，當然在復習中應該在老師的指導下，抓住重點來攻克，總之要抓住重點記憶，做題弄清主謂，把握時態(tài)語態(tài)即可：（一）、復習時需重點注意的要點1.集體名詞看作整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，看作各個成員時，謂語用復數(shù)。如：His family isnt large.His family are all fond of music.2.些名詞如news, maths, physics等雖然有詞尾“s”但意義上是單數(shù)，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。如：The news is wonderful.Physics is an interesting subject.3.由數(shù)詞+表示重量、里程、時間、金錢等名詞所構成的復數(shù)名詞主語，是當作一個整體看待的，后面用單數(shù)動詞。如： Five minutes is too short.Ten dollars is enough.4.主語后面跟有介詞with或together with 引導的短語時，謂語動詞一般與前面的主語的人稱和數(shù)一致。如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.5.主語當and連接的兩個名詞指同一人、同一事或同一概念時，and后面那個名詞前沒有冠詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The teacher and writer is respected by all the people around. 形容詞and形容詞名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：Social and political freedom are limited there用and連接的單數(shù)名詞，前面有each, every, many a, no修飾語時，謂語要用單數(shù)。如： Every man，woman, and child is entitled to take part in the activity. Each pen and each paper is found in its place. 6.“one or two名詞復數(shù)”,“one or more名詞復數(shù)”作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)?！薄皁ne/a單數(shù)名詞or two”作主語，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)。如：One or two books are needed. One book or two is /are needed. 7.不定式短語、動名詞或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。如：Reading in the morning is good for learning English但是，當and連接上述兩個相同的結(jié)構時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure. 【典例精析】1.（2005山東卷35）The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed【解析】B 考查主謂一致。分析句式找準主語為life主語，he used to定語修飾life，按照時態(tài)since決定時態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在完成時,故答案為B.2. Professor Smith, along with his assistants,_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work B. working C. is working D. are working【解析】C考查主謂一致。此處為語法一致，不要受along with his assistants的影響，故答案為C符合。3.（2005遼寧卷21）Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside,_ in the clothing industry.Ais working Bworks Cwork Dworked【解析】C考查主謂一致。分析句式找準主語為a large number of women，把握時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時。4. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】A考查主謂一致。a poet and artist為一個人，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故答案為A5.Most of what has been said about the Smiths also _true of the Johnsons（2006年安徽高考） Aare Bis Cbeing Dto be【解析】B考查主謂一致。分析句式找準主語most of what-指說的內(nèi)容，為不可數(shù)故答案為B，構成系表結(jié)構。6. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.（2006浙江）A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】D考查主謂一致。主語為one-third，但省略了notebook computers，分數(shù)的主謂一致依據(jù)修飾的名詞的數(shù)，故答案為D。7.（09四川）15.The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 【解析】B 考查主謂一致。A together with B作主語時謂語動詞與A的單復數(shù)保持一致；第二空為定語從句that指代Reading Skills，由于Reading Skills是書名所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 8.（09湖南）4. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be【解析】B 主謂一致的用法。Either or. 連接兩個主語，按就近原則來確定謂語的單復數(shù)。One of your students 謂語應用單數(shù)形式?！緦ｎ}突破】考生做主謂一致的試題時要熟練掌握三大原則的具體用法，學會分析句式，把握特殊用法，注意如下兩點：1. 主謂一致的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項選擇和短文改錯兩個題型中。同學們在練習和應試時，遇到這樣的題時，要牢記主謂一致的三個基本原則。一定要根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容抓住關鍵的主語部分，分析句式找準主謂，兼顧句子的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。2. one of +復數(shù)名詞做定語從句的先行詞時，定語從句中的謂語動詞與復數(shù)名詞一致。 the only one of +復數(shù)名詞做定語從句的先行詞時，定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。1. Is there anybody in the classroom ?No, the teacher, together with the students _ to the playground.A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone2. Are these your sheep ?No. Mine _ on grass at the foot of the hill.A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _ a very shy girl with two bright eyes.A. was B. are C. were D. there was4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _ going to Japan next week.A. are B. is C. will be D. would be5. Not the teacher but the students _ excited.A. is B. has C. are D. have6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.A. are B. was C. is D. were7. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is8.He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been9.Professor Smith, along with his assistants,_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working10.Not only _interested in football but _beginning to show an interest in it.A. the teacher himself is all his students are B. the teacher himself is are all his students C. is the teacher himself are all his students D. is the teacher himself all his students are11.-“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university.”-“So do I.”A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped12.E-mail, as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. hoped13.Books of this kind _ well.A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold14.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used15.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided16.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were17._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifthis B. Two fifthare C. Two fifthsis D. Two fifthsare參考答案和解析：1.【解析】 C 本題考查的主謂一致的內(nèi)容與上一題相同，從句子的語境判斷，應當用現(xiàn)在完成時。 2.【解析】 A mine指my sheep 為復數(shù)形式。是主動語態(tài)。3.【解析】 A 本句為倒裝句。主語是a very shy girl with two bright eyes.核心主語是a very shy girl，為單數(shù)，全句為過去時。4.【解析】 B 全句的核心主語是Mr. Bush，為單數(shù)，全句為將來時。5.【解析】 C 運用就近原則，謂語動詞和主語the students 一致，此處為主系表結(jié)構，用be動詞。6.【解析】 C 主語ten minutes表示時間，被視為一個整體，為單數(shù)形式。全句是現(xiàn)在時。7.【解析】 D 本句核心主語是land，為單數(shù)形式，同時注意分數(shù)的表達形式。8.【解析】D這是一個定語從句。在one前是否有定冠詞決定定語從句中的謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式：one of the students中的先行詞是the students，定語從句中的謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。the only one of the students中的先行詞是the only one，定語從句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。又因“for three years”是完成時的標志。9.【解析】C Professor Smith決定謂語動詞的數(shù)；his assistants和謂語動詞的數(shù)無關。10.【解析】D not only but (also )連結(jié)兩個句子，用部分倒裝。11.【解析】B “each of +名詞復數(shù)”謂語用單數(shù)。12.【解析】A本題考察主謂一致，當主語后面跟有as well as短語時，其后的謂語動詞不受as well as之后的名詞影響，仍然和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 13.【解析】A “kind(s) of + 名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)依kind 單復數(shù)而定；“復數(shù)名詞 + of this/that kind ”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)依of 前面的名詞而定。本題中sell 用作不及物動詞表示“銷售”。14.【解析】C mean單數(shù)復數(shù)一個形式。在本題中代表單數(shù)。15.【解析】D不定式作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。16.【解析】C “the number of” 表示“的數(shù)量”，謂語用單數(shù)；“a number of”表示“許多”，謂語用復數(shù)。17.【解析】C 考察數(shù)詞和主謂一致。分數(shù)詞在句中作主語時，謂語動詞必須跟分數(shù)詞所修飾的名詞保持數(shù)的一致?！緦ｎ}綜合】1. But I know the government _ his invention.A. think highly B. speak high of C. sing highly D. thinks highly of 2. She is the only one among the _ writers who _ stories for children.A. womanwrites B. womenwrites C. womenwrite D. womanwrite3. The professor, together with his son, _ Lanzhou _ Beijing.A. have left for B. has leftforC. have left to D. has left to.4. Nobody but Sam and John _ in the laboratory.A. are B. had been C. were D. is 5. My family _ having supper when suddenly the bell rang.A. is B. was C. are D. were.6. The singer and dancer _ come to our school.A. have B. has C. were D. was.7. A number of children _ for the teacher to come now.A. is waiting B. are waiting C. waits D. waited8. The wounded _ to the hospital at once.A. were sent B. were send C. is sent D. was send9. More than one person _ late for class this morning.A. are B. was C. is D. were 10. The cattle _ grazing on the grass.A. were B. was C. be D. is 1