中考常考單詞和短語

1、可編輯【中考】?？紗卧~和短語具體用法大總結（1）1. cost / take / spend / pay 花費花費時間做某事 ：It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .某人花錢買某物 ：sb spend some money on sth .= sb pay some money for sth.= sth cost sb . some money .注意： cost 和 pay 只指花費錢，take 只指花費時間，spend 可以指花費

2、錢也可以指花費時間。 spend 和 pay 主語都是人， cost 主語是物，take 一般用于 It takes sb some time to do sth. 句型中。2. thanks for 為.而感謝Thanks for inviting me to your birthday party .謝謝你邀請我來你的生日聚會。thanks to 多虧/由于Thanks to your help. I got good grades .幸虧你的幫助，我才取得好成績。3. 多么.what + 名詞；how +形容詞/副詞What bad weather ！多么糟糕的天氣啊！How hard

3、he works ！ 他工作多么努力?。hat fresh vegetables ！ 多么新鮮的蔬菜??！How cute a monkey it is ！ 它是一只多么可愛的猴子??！4 .因為.；由于.because（連詞）+從句because of（介詞短語）+ 名詞（短語）I didnt go to school because I had a headache.因為我頭疼，所以我沒去上學。He was late for class because of the bad weather .由于糟糕的天氣，他上課遲到了。注意：because和 so不能同時連用 。5 .來自be from

4、= come fromWhere are you from ？= Where do you come from？你來自哪里？6 .How often 多久一次（對頻率提問）How long 多久（對一段時間提問）How soon多久以后（對將來時間提問）How far 多長（詢問多長距離） How long have you been collecting the kites ？你收集風箏多長時間了？For ten years.十年了。 How often do you go shopping ？你多久購物一次？Sometimes.有時。 How soon will your father c

5、ome back ？你爸爸多久以后回來？In two years.兩年后。 How far is it from your home to school ？從你家到學校多遠？About ten miles.大概十英里。7 . 乘坐交通工具take a / the +交通工具by+交通工具=on a 交通工具交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane.He takes a bus to bank.= He goes to bank by bus.他乘坐公共汽車去銀行。注意：騎自行車、馬或驢用rideride ones bike / ride a hors

6、e / ride a donkey8 . 對不起Excuse me （勞駕，客套話）Sorry （表示道歉）Excuse me. Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ？打擾一下，成都的天府廣場在哪里？Dont eat in class.不要在課堂上吃東西。Sorry.Ms Clark .對不起，Clark小姐。9 . 聲音sound （自然界的各種聲音）noise（噪音）voice（人的嗓音）Lucy has a sweet voice.露西有甜美的嗓音。Dont make noise.不要制造噪音。10. 像.look like （外貌看起來像 ）be lik

7、e （性格像 ）Lily look like Lucy .莉莉長得像露西。Oh ， they are twins.哦，她們是雙胞胎。Tony is like a monkey because he is cute and playful .托尼像只猴子，因為他可愛又愛玩耍。11. 拿， 帶take to 帶去bringto 帶來fetch 取來 （強調(diào)一個來回）Tony , fetch the ball here. Please.托尼，請把那個球取來。My father often takes me to concerts on Sundays.周日，爸爸經(jīng)常帶我去聽音樂會。Bring you

8、r homework to school tomorrow.明天，把你的作業(yè)帶到學校來。12. 一些some 用于肯定句any 用于否定句和疑問句Id like some milk.Would you like some yogurt ？你想要一些酸奶嗎？Thanks . I dont want any.謝謝，不用了。注意：在一般疑問句中，認為對方的答案會是肯定的，或期望得到對方肯定回答時，也用some。13. 多少How many修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)How much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞How much juice do you want ？你想要多少果汁？How many apples do you

9、 want ？你想要多少蘋果？注意：How much可對價錢提問：How much are the potatoes ？這些土豆多少錢？14. 看see 強調(diào)看的結果look （at ）不及物動詞，強調(diào)看的動作watch 觀看（帶有觀賞性質(zhì)）read 讀，朗讀：看書、看報、看信、看雜志Dont read in bed.不要在床上看書。We will watch a basketball game this evening.今天晚上，我們將去看一場籃球比賽。Please look at the blackboard. Everyone.大家請看黑板。I saw a bird in the tre

10、e yesterday.昨天，我看到一只鳥在樹上。15. 停止做某事stop doing sth 停止正在做的事stop to do sth 停下來去做別的事The girl soon stopped crying.這個女孩不久就不哭了。He was tired and stopped to have a rest.他很累，停下來休息一下?！局锌肌?0個歷年?？紗卧~和短語用法大總結（2）初中英語16. forget/rememberforget / remember to do sth:忘記/記得去做某事（未做）forget/remember doing sth:忘記/記得做過某事（做過）He

11、 forgot to turn off the light.他忘記關燈了。（未關）Remember to go to the post office after school.記得放學后去郵局。（未去）He forgot turning off the light.他忘記關了燈。（已關）Dont you remember seeing the man before ？難道你不記得之前見過這個人嗎？（見過）17. 到達.reach + 地點get to + 地點arrive + in + 大地點arrive + at + 小地點He reached London yesterday.= He g

12、ot to London yesterday.=He arrived in London yesterday.他昨天到的倫敦。She arrived at the bus station just now.她剛才到達了公交站。You should get home on time.你應該按時到家。注意：當get和arrive后接地點副詞時，都不加介詞。如：get home/there 等。18. 擅長，在.方面做得好be good at = do well inShe is good at chemistry.=She does well in chemistry.她擅長化學。Niuniu i

13、s good at playing the violin.=Niuniu _does well in playing the violin.妞妞擅長彈鋼琴。Lucy and Lily are twin girls . Lucy is better at dancing than Lily , but Lily does better in singing than Lucy.露西和莉莉是一對雙胞胎姐妹。露西比莉莉擅長跳舞，但是莉莉在唱歌方面做得比露西好。19. 贏得，打敗win （贏得）后接a game、war 、a match、a prize等。beat（打敗、戰(zhàn)勝）后接運動員、球隊、對手等

14、。Which team won the football match ？哪個隊贏了這場足球比賽？Wang Hao beat Ma Lin and won the champion of the Mens Singles.王浩打敗了馬林，贏得了男子單打冠軍。20. 借borrow sth. from sb = borrow sb. sth 向某人借某物（借入）lend sth. to sb = lend sb. sth把某物借給某人（借出）keep延續(xù)性動詞，與一段時間連用。Can you lend me your bike ？= Can you lend your bike to me ？你能

15、把自行車借給我嗎？You can borrow some money from your brother.=You can borrow your brother some money.你可以向你的兄弟借一些錢。How long can I keep the book ？我可以借這本書多久？You can keep it for two weeks.你可以借兩周。21.能，會：be able to, canI can play the guitar.我會彈吉他。He is able to play chess.他會下象棋。注意：情態(tài)動詞后面都接動詞原形。22. 太多.；太.too many 太

16、多， 修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)too much 太多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞much too太， 后跟形容詞或副詞原級There are too many students in the hallways. Its dangerous.走廊里有太多學生。很危險。I had too much bread for breakfast.我早飯吃了多面包。This coat is much too expensive.這件大衣太貴了。23. 去過/去了某地have / has been to 去過某地have / has gone to 去了某地He has been to Beijing.他去過北京。（現(xiàn)在已不在北

17、京）He has gone to Beijing.他去了北京。（在去北京的途中或已到北京）24. 關于use 的三個句型used to do sth.過去常做某事be（get）used to doing sth.習慣于做某事be used to do sth = be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事This river used to be very clean .這條河過去非常干凈。Im not used to getting up early.我不習慣早起。Pens are used for writing.鋼筆被用來寫字。25. 屬于.belong to + 名詞/

18、人稱代詞賓格（屬于）be + 名詞所有格/ 名詞性物主代詞（是）It must be Nings.= It must belong to Ning.它一定是寧的。The pencil must be mine.= The pencil must belong to me.這支鉛筆一定是我的。26. cant 不可能: must（一定）反義詞The CD must belong to Tony, because he likes listening to music.這張CD一定是托尼的，因為他喜歡聽音樂。The toy cant be my grandpas . After all，he is

19、 an old man.這個玩具不可能是我爺爺?shù)摹．吘?，他是一個老人。27. 由.制成be made from：由.制成（看不出原材料）be made of：由.制成（看得出原材料）The table is made of wood.這張桌子是用木材做的。Paper is made from wood.紙是用木材做的。28. 更喜歡.prefer to do/doing sth 更喜歡做某事prefer sth to sth 比起.來，更喜歡.prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做.來，更喜歡做.I prefer swiming to playing balls.比

20、起打球來，我更喜歡游泳。He prefers fish to beef.比起牛肉來，他更喜歡魚。I prefer to walk to work.我更喜歡走路去上班。29. 一些表示人的情感或情緒的形容詞ed 修飾人ing 修飾物interesting：有趣的； interested：感興趣的tiring：累人的； tired；累的，疲倦的boring：令人無聊的；bored：無聊的exciting：令人興奮的；excited：激動的surprising：令人驚訝的； surprised：驚訝的relaxing：令人放松的； relaxed：放松的embarrassing：令人尷尬的；令人為難

21、的；embarrassed：尷尬的；為難的She is interested in this interesting history story.她對這個有趣的歷史故事很感興趣。30. 關于 number 的兩個短語the number of + 名詞復數(shù)：.的數(shù)量（作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)）a number of + 名詞復數(shù)：許多、一些= many （作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)）The number of students in our class is 80.我們班學生的數(shù)量是八十人。A number of students are in Helin Middle School.很多學生在鶴林中學

22、?！局锌肌?0個歷年?？紗卧~和短語用法大總結（3）31. 與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的兩個時間狀語for + 一段時間since + 時間點/一般過去時的句子We have been studying English for three years.我們?nèi)陙硪恢痹趯W習英語。He has been staying here since he was five years old.自從五歲以來，他一直待在這里。We havent seen each other since ten years ago.自從十年前以來，我們一直沒有見過彼此。注意：for和 since 可以相互轉換。Jenny has bee

23、n collecting coins for several years. = Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ago.珍妮收集硬幣已經(jīng)有幾年的時間了。32. 除.之外except （不包括在內(nèi)）besides （包括在內(nèi)）Everyone could answer this question except Jim.除了吉姆，大家都能夠回答這個問題。There are three girls besides me.除了我之外，還有三個女孩。33. 已經(jīng)already 用于肯定句中yet 用于否定句和疑問句末Have you

24、 seen the film yet？你看過這部電影了嗎？I havent locked the door yet.我還沒有鎖門。Mom has already watered the flowers.媽媽已經(jīng)澆花了。34. 否定祈使句Dont do sth.=No + doing / n.Dont smoke here.= No smoking here.這里禁止吸煙。Dont take photos.= No photos.禁止拍照。35. 也too 放肯定句末和疑問句末either 放否定句末also 放肯定句中She is a girl. I am a girl , too.她是個女孩

25、。我也是女孩。Do you play soccer every day ，too？你也每天都踢足球嗎？He also likes collecting things.他也喜歡收集東西。注意：also放在實意動詞前，be之后.36. 要求嚴格be strict with sb. 對某人要求嚴格be strict in sth. 對某事要求嚴格Miss Zhang is strict in her work and she is strict with her students.張老師對自己的工作要求嚴格，對她的學生要求嚴格。37. 需要做某事need to do sth 主語是人need doi

26、ng sth 主語是物（主動形式表被動含義）The classroom needs cleaning. Its too dirty.教室需要被打掃，太臟了。Children need to sleep a lot.孩子們需要很多睡眠。38. 穿過through：介詞（從內(nèi)部穿過）across：介詞（從表面穿過）cross ：動詞（從表面穿過）Be careful when you cross the street.過街的時候要小心。The man went through the forest.這個男人穿過了森林。He swam across the river.他游過了河。39. 表建議的句

27、型Why dont you do sth = Why not do sth？ 為什么不.？How /what about doing sth？ 做.怎么樣？Lets do sth. 讓我們.Why dont you have a cup of tea ？=Why not have a cup of tea ？為什么不喝一杯茶呢？Lets go out for a walk.讓我們出去散步吧。How about practice conversations ？練習對話怎么樣？40. so 和 neither 的倒裝句So + 助/系/情態(tài)+ 主語表示肯定意義（.也是如此）Neither + 助/

28、系/情態(tài)+ 主語表示否定意義（.也不）My mother didnt go to school. Neither did my father.媽媽沒上過學，爸爸也沒上過。James comes from the USA . So does Tom.詹姆斯來自美國。湯姆也是。My pen pal can speak Japanese. So can I.我的筆友會說日語。 我也會。My sister isnt outgoing. Neither am I.我的姐姐不外向，我也不外向。41. 都both 兩者都all三者或三者以上都The twins both are good students.

29、這對雙胞胎都是好學生。There are lots of colorful flowers on two sides of the streets.在街道兩邊有很多五顏六色的話。There are five people in my family. We all like playing sports. My parents both love us. We are very happy.我們家有五個人。我們都喜歡運動。父母都很愛我們。我們都很快樂。42. alone / lonelyalone 單獨，獨自一人lonely 孤獨的，寂寞的(有一定的感情色彩)He is alone at hom

30、e.他獨自一人在家。He lives a lonely life in the country.他在這個國家過著孤獨的生活。43. in/on the treein the tree 外來的on the tree 長在樹上的I saw a cat in the tree.我看到樹上有只貓There are many apples on the tree.樹上有很多蘋果。44. in/on the wallin the wall 指在墻體內(nèi)on the wall 指在墻體表面There is a map on the wall.墻上有一張地圖。There is a door in the wal

31、l.墻上嵌著一道門。45. on/in the bedon the bed 指物品在床上in bed 指人躺在床上My bag is on the bed.我的包在床上。Lily is ill in bed.莉莉躺在床上?！局锌肌?0個歷年?？紗卧~和短語用法大總結（4）46. 如此.以至于.so/such.that. 如此.以至于.（that引導結果狀語從句）so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞such是形容詞，后接名詞Tom is such a clever boy that he can answer the question.= Tom is so clever a boy that he ca

32、n answer the question.湯姆如此聰明，以至于他能夠回答這個問題。The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.這個箱子如此重，以至于我搬不動它。注意：在名詞前有many / much / few / little這些詞修飾時，要用sothat. 。47. 當.的時候when + 延續(xù)性/短暫性動詞while+延續(xù)性動詞（多用進行時）When I was watching TV ， he came in.= When he came in ， I was watching TV.While I was in Shanghai ，I visi

33、ted him .48. at the age of 和when 引導的時間狀語可以互換I began to play football when I was five years old .= I began to play football at the age of five.我五歲時開始踢足球。49. instead/instead ofinstead：相反（ 放句首、句末）instead of + 名詞/代詞/動名詞：代替；而不是I will go to see her instead of you.我會代替你去看她。We often sing English song instea

34、d of reading aloud.我們經(jīng)常唱英語歌而不是大聲朗讀。He doesnt like beer. Give him coke instead.他不喜歡啤酒。給他可樂吧。50. be famous as/forbe famous as: 作為.而知名be famous for: 因.而著名Li Bai is famous as a poet.李白作為詩人而知名。Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.杭州因西湖而著名。51. 看起來好像.sb/sth seems to do sthIt seems that +從句It seems that he

35、feels very sad.= He seems to feel very sad.他看上去感覺很悲傷。She seems to want to have a drink.= It seems that she wants to have a drink.她看上去想喝杯飲料。52. “疑問詞+ 動詞不定式” 與“賓語從句”的互換I will show you where you should go.= I will show you where to go.我會告訴你你應該去哪里。Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace？= Could

36、 you tell me how to get to Summer Palace ？你能告訴我如何到達頤和園嗎？注意：賓語從句應該用陳述語序。53. question/problemquestion: 由于疑惑不解而提出的問題，多和ask / answer搭配使用。problem：指有待解決的較難的問題或物理/數(shù)學方面的題等，多與solve / work out 搭配.Please answer my question in English.請用英語回答我的問題。I cant work out this maths problem.我不能解決這道數(shù)學題。54. family/home/housefamily: 家/家庭（強調(diào)家庭成員，與居住的房子無關）home 家（指人出生或居住的地方，帶有一定感情色彩）house 房子/住宅（居住的建筑物）My family are kind.我的家人很善良。Welcome to my home.歡迎來到我家。They moved to their new house last year.他們?nèi)ツ臧岬搅诵录摇?5. in front of/in the front ofin front of：在某一范圍以外