塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)講解

1、可編輯塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)講解一、概述1.1 編制依據(jù)1 地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范GB5000720022 塔吊起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范GB/T13752923 砼設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范4 樁基技術(shù)規(guī)范JGJ94945 塔吊說明書1.2 塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)1.2.1塔吊基礎(chǔ)所承受的外力根據(jù)塔式起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范（GB/T13752-92），塔機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)荷載包括基本荷載-自重荷載，起升荷載，包括或不包括起升機(jī)構(gòu)傳動機(jī)構(gòu)加速荷載，坡度荷載附加荷載-工作狀態(tài)的風(fēng)荷載特殊荷載-非勻速提升重物荷載，非工作狀態(tài)風(fēng)載，動或靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)荷載，碰撞荷載，突然停機(jī)荷載。上述各項(xiàng)荷載和荷載組合往往以塔吊作用于基礎(chǔ)頂面的，分為非工作狀態(tài)和工作狀態(tài)的豎向力，水平力和彎矩表

2、示。但僅限于塔吊自由高度時的外力，附墻后外力如何變化說明書中未作說明，依據(jù)力學(xué)分析可知附墻后再增加塔吊高度時垂直荷載有所增加但彎矩和水平力大為減少有利于塔吊的安全。1.2.2依據(jù)說明書選擇塔吊基礎(chǔ)存在的問題當(dāng)前塔吊基礎(chǔ)的選型或基礎(chǔ)外力僅與塔吊吊鉤的高度有關(guān)，其中存在如下問題：1）未反映不同地域風(fēng)載的不同：基本風(fēng)壓在內(nèi)陸約0.30.4KN/m2，在沿海約0.9KN/m2二者相差三倍左右。影響風(fēng)載的高度變化系數(shù)，距地面40m為1.56距地面100m為2.09，二者相差約30%。而風(fēng)載值在很大程度上決定塔吊的水平力與部分彎矩。2）若干塔吊說明書提供的塔吊對基礎(chǔ)的作用力僅示有壓力和拉力，未說明是何種情

3、況下的外力；也未說明作用在單肢上抑或雙肢上；也未提供計(jì)算必不可少的水平作用力；以此為據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)條件不足。3）說明書中的基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)造不合理：說明書提供的基礎(chǔ)塊配筋既不合理又偏大，以H3/36B為例選M169N，基礎(chǔ)尺寸為6.456.451.7m，雙層雙向配5525鋼筋A(yù)g=455490=107800mm2而按砼規(guī)范計(jì)算Ag=26416=12832mm2二者相差甚遠(yuǎn)。1.2.3塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容：塔吊對基礎(chǔ)的基本要求是：塔吊通過基礎(chǔ)或承臺傳遞的作用力不大于天然（人工）地基承載力特征值或樁的承載力，以及塔吊在各種工況下均能保持其穩(wěn)定性。1）確定基礎(chǔ)外力：根據(jù)施工項(xiàng)目特點(diǎn)選擇塔吊型號，臂長，初始立塔高度，極

4、限高度，附墻道數(shù)，標(biāo)高和具體立塔位置。塔吊供應(yīng)廠家根據(jù)上述條件提供初始立塔高度及頂升附墻后的，非工作狀態(tài)及工作狀態(tài)時，作用在基礎(chǔ)頂面的豎向力N，水平力H和彎矩M。廠家尚應(yīng)提供附墻裝置類型、塔吊中心與附墻點(diǎn)的距離和作用力；提出予埋節(jié)（件）的位置和埋深等資料。2）確定基礎(chǔ)型式：塔吊基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)在基坑方案確定以后進(jìn)行選型和計(jì)算。塔吊基礎(chǔ)型式與基坑邊坡有關(guān)：當(dāng)塔吊座落于基坑內(nèi)，可在天然地基或人工地基上作獨(dú)立的塔吊基礎(chǔ)；若塔吊在基礎(chǔ)底板完成后安裝，且有安裝條件時也可利用或部分利用建物底板作塔吊基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)塔吊位于基坑側(cè)壁以上：灌注樁護(hù)坡時，可部分利用護(hù)坡樁支承塔吊，被利用的護(hù)坡樁應(yīng)具有支護(hù)和支承雙重功能。邊坡為自

5、然放坡時，可采用獨(dú)立式塔吊基礎(chǔ)，地基應(yīng)有足夠的承載力和穩(wěn)定性。采用土釘墻護(hù)坡除地基應(yīng)有足夠的承載力外，土釘應(yīng)保證塔基的穩(wěn)定性。3）計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)對地基的壓力：理論上應(yīng)計(jì)算塔吊最大自由高度及附墻后最大高度時非工作與工作狀態(tài)，四種情況下對地基的壓力，取其中最大值。塔吊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)，可以只計(jì)算非工作狀態(tài)下最大自由高度時，作用力沿塔吊基礎(chǔ)對角線時的基礎(chǔ)對地基的作用力，滿足此種要求則同時滿足了其它要求。4）核算地基承載力：采用天然地基時可依據(jù)地基的物理，力學(xué)指標(biāo)確定地基的容許承載力，或用其他方法確定地基容許承載力并進(jìn)行修正后以核算是否滿足基礎(chǔ)的要求。當(dāng)使用樁基則需進(jìn)行樁基設(shè)計(jì)5）基礎(chǔ)或承臺強(qiáng)度計(jì)算：各種基礎(chǔ)均需核

6、算沖切受剪是否滿足要求，并計(jì)算配筋。對于承受拉力的樁尚應(yīng)核算樁的承拉力以及承臺在反向作用力時的強(qiáng)度與配筋。6）基礎(chǔ)穩(wěn)定性核算：基礎(chǔ)穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算包括滑移和傾覆均需具有足夠的安全度。1.3塔吊對基礎(chǔ)的作用力1.3.1型式I（圖1-1）提供條件為 豎向力N（ KN） 水平力H （KN） 彎矩M(KN.m)作用于基底的豎向力：N+G=N+25A2h（KN）式中G為基礎(chǔ)重：25-砼單位重量（KN/m3） A-方形基礎(chǔ)之邊長（m） h-基礎(chǔ)或承臺高（m）彎矩：M=M+Hh（KN.m）1.3.2型式II（圖1-2）提供條件為豎向力F1 F2水平力HF1 F2為塔吊起重臂與塔吊之對稱軸呈450方向時單肢的作用力

7、，若需反算彎矩和垂直力，可近似取N=（F1-F2）2M=（F1+F2）0.707A 式中F1 F2均取絕對值1.3.3常用塔吊的計(jì)算參數(shù)FO/23B （塔身2m2m）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤高重量N彎矩M水平力H支座反力重量N彎矩M水平力H支座反力拉力壓力拉力壓力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.854130993761831237255079044130727604628162463831111.8557101038501989250085286345710727605133158513870614.857290108799214726468551134729072760563

8、8154563910117.8587701140712295280755746048770727606862150863947120.8602501197862443298485997350250727607335147163984123.8617301259462591317876265251730727607809143464021126.8632101325502739338936549853210727608460139764058129.8646901395972887361656851054690980369111230835042832.866170147088303438604

9、71089561701259139762331656125035.867650155023318241209750345765015574210413439797280438.869130163402333043981785465913018752511063555258509041.870610172225347846918922236061022126111714678039810844.8720701814913626500238606862090256949123658081411185047.8735701912013774532939007863570294591130169455

10、612634150.87505020135639225673094255650503341851366710903114155653.87653021195440706033498599665303757321431812423815750356.878010222996421864104103109680104192331496914017817418359.8794902344814366680401077856949046468515520156849191594FO/23C （塔身1.6m1.6m）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤高重量N彎矩M水平力H支座反力重量N彎矩M水平力H支座反力拉力壓力

11、拉力壓力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.851200985961631337405934041200727603988240454464511.8523501028421764354576163242350727604413237574493214.8535001074861897373626411243500727604838234704522017.8546501125292030394556678044650727606013231824550720.8558001179702162417366963645800727606438228954579523.8567701

12、235712284441377252246770727606827226524603726.8577401295372406467117558147740727607362224104628029.8587101358682527494577881248710844787897276995205432.85968014256326495237482214496801088528432389626380235.86065014962327705546485789506501348328967509827630738.8616201570472892587278953751620162415950

13、2637608957041.8625901648373013621619345652590191603100367729510359044.86356017299031356576797547535602223951057191588118369H3/36B （塔身2m2m）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)起升高度N自重M最大力矩H剪切力支座反力N自重M最大力矩H剪切力支座反力拉力壓力拉力壓力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg9.77041515572520754078175989662321849845050527978591312.772185160967224342304783966800

14、21849845587523548635515.77395516671324114401680993697721849846125519128679818.77572517296425794591783779715421849847548514698724021.77749517971827474800786754733121849848085510278768324.77926518697629155028589918750821849848623505848812527.78103519473930835275393271768521849849362501428856830.782805

15、203005325155787971897862218498410102496998901033.7845752117763419595871018758039718498410841492578945336.7863452210513587635101066828216218498411580488148984539.7881152308293755675531166118393218498412320483729033842.7898852411123923717181166618570218498413059479299078045.791655251899409176005121832

16、8747219747813748521719590148.79342526319042598041312712589248240592145386189311251451.795195274985442784942132540910122859251527784447129953ST60/14 （1.6m1.6m）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤高N自重M彎矩H剪力支座反力N自重M彎矩H剪力支座反力拉力壓力拉力壓力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.851200985961631337405934041200727603988240454464511.8523501028421764354

17、576163242350727604413237574493214.8535001074861897373626411243500727604838234704522017.8546501125292030394556678044650727606013231824550720.8558001179702162417366963645800727606438228954579523.856770123571228444377252246770727606827226524603726.8577401295372406467117558147740727607362224104628029.85

18、87101358682527494577881248710844787897276995205432.85968014256326495237482214496801088528432389626380235.86065014962327705546485789506501348328967509827630738.86162015704728925872789537516201624159502637608957041.8625901648373013621619345652590191603100367729510359044.8635601729903135657679754753560

19、2223951057191588118363ST60/14 （2m2m）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤高N自重M彎矩H剪力支座反力N自重M彎矩H剪力支座反力拉力壓力拉力壓力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.854130993761831237255079044130727604628162463831111.8557101038501989250085286345710727605133158513870614.8572901087992147264685511347290727605638154563910117.85877011407122952807557460487707276

20、06862150863947120.8602501197862443298485997350250727607335147163984123.8617301259462591317876265251730727607809143464021126.8632101325502759338936549853210727608460139764058129.8646901395972887361656851054690980369111230835042832.86617014708830343860471689561701259139762331656125035.8676501550233182

21、41209750345765015574210413439797280438.869130163402333043981785465913019752511063555258509041.870610172225347846918822236061022126111714678039810844.8720901814913626500238606862090256949123658081411185947.8735701912013774532939007863570294591130169455612634150.875050201356392256730942556505033418513

22、66710903114155653.87653021195440706033498599665303757321431812423815750356.878010222996421864104103109680104192331496914017817418359.8794902344814366680401077856949046468515620156849191594P16A （1.6m1.6m）工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)吊鉤下高度N自重M力矩H剪切力支座反力N自重M力矩H剪切力支座反力拉力壓力拉力壓力mkgmkgkgkgkgkgmkgkgkgkg8.0053559677501748191994

23、597947559559704848150333881211.0054154699081805200894716648154559705033148843896114.0055344745141921220074967949344559705402145863925817.0055939776531979233685133749939559705587144383940720.0057129856582094269215548651129559706599141403970523.0058319944682210308626002152319610937273163074246726.0059

24、5091039992325351496490353509838757781269685372329.006069911418524413975170100546991083548290384466579532.006129411950624984216272809552941212308544444917213835.006248413057926144719078432564841482569052571938543538.006367414219627295248184318576741769789560707129954941.006486415432828455802090452588

25、64207398100688504711447944.00654591605812903608789360859459223244103229252112225147.00666491734473018667701000946064925621010830108081138406256HC （2m2m）節(jié)身吊鉤高度(m)工作狀態(tài)非工作狀態(tài)M(kN.m)H(KN)N(KN)M(kN.m)H(KN)N(KN)臂長60m12.419701863717333359616.620481965919694261920.721322168222855164124.822232270525505666429.

26、023212472828926468733.124242575132187071037.325352777335667573341.426593279639378175545.528415481943318677849.7295556842440387801臂長65m12.419331767216743363716.620101969519104266020.720932171822265168324.821832274124915670529.022792476428336472833.123822578631597075137.324935180935077577441.426555283

27、238788179745.528395585542728681949.7295757873434487842臂長70m12.418291770716273367716.619041973018634270020.719862075321795172324.820752277624445674629.021702379827876476833.122895082131127079137.324475284434607581441.426335586738318183745.528295689042258686049.72954589134297878831.4常用塔吊說明書推薦基礎(chǔ)尺寸與對地基承

28、載力的要求：基礎(chǔ)的型號與構(gòu)造示于圖1-3與相應(yīng)表內(nèi)型號邊長A(mm)高度h(mm)體積(m3)直徑根數(shù)直徑根數(shù)M52N400013502024108821.6M64N445013502024108826.73M74N480013502028148831.1M81N50001350203014101033.8M101N56001350253316111142.3M126N62501350255216141452.8M142N59401700253816121259.2M169N64501700255520131370.7型號中數(shù)字表示基礎(chǔ)重（T）地基承載力kg/cm2(105N/m2)Fo/23

29、C 1.6m1.6mFo/23B 2m2m吊鉤高m基礎(chǔ)型號吊鉤高m基礎(chǔ)型號M64NM74NM81NM101NM81NM101NM142NM126NM169N8.81.611.341.220.978.81.240.991.070.900.8611.81.681.381.261.0011.81.281.021.080.860.8814.81.751.431.301.0214.81.331.041.040.860.9017.81.831.491.351.0517.81.371.071.070.880.9220.81.921.541.401.0920.81.431.111.090.900.9423.8

30、2.021.611.451.1223.81.491.151.120.931.0226.82.121.691.511.1526.81.551.191.160.961.0729.82.241.761.571.1929.81.621.231.190.991.0232.82.371.851.641.2332.81.701.281.231.021.0535.82.521.951.721.2835.81.911.371.301.061.0938.82.352.001.4038.82.391.611.461.201.2041.82.501.6441.81.921.651.311.3344.81.9544.8

31、2.341.901.671.4847.82.892.201.831.6650.82.592.161.8753.82.1356.82.4659.82.85地基承載力kg/m2(105N/m2)M3/36B 2m2m吊鉤高mM101NM142NM126NM169N9.71.491.371.141.1512.71.491.371.151.1615.71.491.381.151.1618.71.491.381.151.1621.71.501.401.161.1824.71.551.431.191.2027.71.601.471.231.2330.71.661.521.271.2633.71.731.5

32、71.311.3036.71.801.621.351.3339.71.881.671.401.3742.71.961.731.451.4145.72.061.791.501.4548.72.161.861.551.5054.72.562.131.761.66ST60/14的基底壓力 kg/cm2(105N/m2)1.6m1.6m2m2m吊鉤高mM64NM74NM81NM101N吊鉤高mM81NM101NM142NM126NM169N8.81.611.341.220.978.81.240.991.070.900.8611.81.681.381.261.0011.81.281.021.080.86

33、0.8814.81.751.431.301.0214.81.331.041.040.860.9017.81.831.491.351.0517.81.371.071.070.880.9220.81.921.541.401.0920.81.431.111.090.900.9423.82.021.611.451.1223.81.491.151.120.931.0226.82.121.691.511.1526.81.551.191.160.961.0729.82.241.761.571.1929.81.621.231.199.991.0232.82.371.851.641.2332.81.701.28

34、1.231.021.0535.82.521.951.721.2835.81.911.371.301.061.0938.82.352.001.4038.82.391.611.461.201.2041.82.501.6441.81.921.851.371.3544.81.9544.82.341.901.671.4847.82.892.201.831.6650.82.592.161.8753.82.1356.82.4659.82.85P16A的基底壓力 kg/cm2(105N/m2)吊鉤下高度M52NM64NM74NM81NM101NM126N8.001.611.271.091.010.830.70

35、11.001.651.301.111.030.840.7114.001.731.351.151.070.930.7317.001.781.381.171.090.970.7420.001.891.451.231.130.920.7723.002.071.551.301.200.960.8026.002.281.681.391.271.020.9229.002.721.901.531.381.080.9032.00*2.131.681.501.140.9335.00*2.732.061.801.311.0338.00*2.582.201.521.1441.00*2.741.771.2844.00

36、*1.931.3747.00*2.321.56256HC塔基邊長（m）安裝高度（m）地基承載力（KN/m2）臂長10013016019022025012.46.25.55.24.94.84.755.0m/60.0m radius16.66.35.65.35.04.94.920.76.65.95.55.35.15.124.86.86.15.65.55.35.329.07.16.36.05.75.65.633.17.36.66.25.95.85.837.37.56.86.46.16.06.041.47.87.06.66.36.26.245.58.07.26.86.56.56.549.78.07.2

37、6.86.56.56.512.46.25.55.14.84.64.565.0m/70.0m radius16.66.35.65.24.94.74.620.76.55.85.45.15.04.824.86.76.05.65.35.15.129.07.06.25.85.65.55.533.17.26.56.05.85.65.637.37.56.76.26.05.85.841.47.76.96.56.26.06.045.58.07.16.76.46.36.349.78.07.16.76.46.36.312.46.35.65.25.04.84.831.7/36.7/43.3/48.3m adius16

38、.66.55.85.45.25.05.020.76.76.05.75.45.35.324.86.96.25.95.65.55.529.07.26.56.15.95.85.833.17.46.76.36.16.06.037.37.66.96.56.36.26.241.47.97.16.76.56.46.445.58.17.36.96.66.66.649.78.27.36.96.76.66.6注：基礎(chǔ)高度1.4m二、天然地基獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算2.1基底壓力計(jì)算：按承載力計(jì)算地基應(yīng)符合下式要求Pfa (2-1)式中P-基底平均壓力（104N/m2）fa-修正后地基承載力特征值（104N/m2）見2.2受偏心荷載作用時除需符合式2-1外尚應(yīng)滿足Pmax1.2fa (2-2)式中Pmax-基底最大邊緣壓力2.1.1軸心或單