比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)44645PPT課件

1、.,1,形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)、最高級(jí),.,2,1.形容詞的修飾與位置,一般來(lái)說(shuō)，從構(gòu)詞法角度來(lái)看，后綴 “ ly”往往是副詞，但有的以“ ly ”結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞，這點(diǎn)要注意； 形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等成份，但有些形容詞在句子中只能做表語(yǔ)和只能做前置定語(yǔ)，這些形容詞在修飾時(shí)有一定的特殊性。,.,3,1.1 以-ly結(jié)尾的是形容詞而不是副詞 costly 昂貴的 lonely 孤獨(dú)的 deadly 死一般的 lively 活潑的 friendly 友好的 silly 傻氣的 kindly 熱心腸的 likely 可能的 leisurely 悠閑的 ugly 長(zhǎng)得丑的 br

2、otherly 兄弟般的 monthly 每月的 earthly 塵世的,.,4,1.2 以“a”開(kāi)頭的很多形容詞只能做表語(yǔ) afraid 害怕的 alike 相象的 awake 醒著的 alone 單獨(dú)的，惟一的 alive 活著的 ashamed 羞愧的 asleep 睡著的 aware 意識(shí)到的、察覺(jué)到的 well 健康的 content 滿意的 unable 無(wú)能的,.,5,1.3只作前置定語(yǔ)的形容詞,earthen 泥土做的 daily 每日 latter 后面的golden 金子般的 inner 里面的 little 小的 silken 絲一般的 outer 外面的 live 活的

3、 wooden 木制 yearly 每年的 elder 年長(zhǎng)的 woolen 毛 former 前任的 mere 僅 only 惟一的 sheer 純粹的 very 恰好的 monthly 每月的 weekly 每周的,.,6,1.4下列動(dòng)詞既是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又是系動(dòng)詞，注意用做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要求形容詞做表語(yǔ): remain ，keep ，become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look 如：It seems great to do so.,.,7,2. 形容詞與副詞的 比較級(jí)與最高級(jí),2.1做比

4、較級(jí)題目時(shí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)把握：1）形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的形式是否和比較連詞對(duì)應(yīng)出現(xiàn)，即是否符合原級(jí)比較及比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。,.,8,Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often _,or better than an actual performance. A as good as B as good C good D good as 在這里as good as 比較連詞與better than比較連詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)候，不能省略任何一個(gè)介詞。答案為A,.,9,2)比較的成分是否屬于同類事物或同類概念，既是說(shuō)比較要具有可比性。,The n

5、umber of registered participants in this years marathon was half _ . A of last years B those of last years C of those of last year D that of last years,.,10,（前后相比的應(yīng)該是今年和去年注冊(cè)參加的人數(shù)“the number of”故代替它的應(yīng)該是單數(shù)指示代詞“that”，而不能選擇B，those是指代participants，不是同類對(duì)比，答案為D。,.,11,3)比較級(jí)與倍數(shù)詞關(guān)系及其位置,原級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中可插入表達(dá)倍數(shù)的詞，表示為“為.若干倍

6、”,當(dāng)與有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞在一起時(shí)候等，他們的位置是，倍數(shù)詞+asas,或倍數(shù)詞+morethan，但again一般放在原級(jí)詞之后，即 “as+原級(jí)again + as”.如,.,12,Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year _ than automobile accidents. A seven more times B seven times more C over seven times D seven times,.,13,“Do you regret paying_ as five

7、 hundred dollars for the painting ?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.” A twice so much B twice as much C as much twice D so much twice,.,14,4）下列詞和短語(yǔ)不用比較級(jí)形式卻表示比較概念：,inferior, minor, senior, prior, prefer to, superior, major, junior, preferable, differ from, compared with, in comparison with, diff

8、erent from, rather than.,.,15,如: Their watch is _ to all the other watches on the market. A superior B advantageous C super D beneficial,.,16,5）“比較級(jí)and +比較級(jí)”或“more and more/less and less +原級(jí)”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副詞比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越來(lái)越”的意思，與這類結(jié)構(gòu)搭配的常用動(dòng)詞有g(shù)row, get ,become等。 前面兩種情況更多地出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中，注意的是這三種情況引導(dǎo)的比較

9、級(jí)后面都不需要用than.如：,.,17,Things are getting worse and worse. As I spoke to him he became less and less angry. Her health was becoming daily worse . The road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse.,.,18,6)比較級(jí)前面可以用even, still, yet ,all the (more)等修飾語(yǔ)用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“更加”的意思。如

10、： Today it is even colder than yesterday .I have yet more exciting news for you .,.,19,7) 有關(guān)比較級(jí)的特殊句型：,A): not so much as 需要注意的： 從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看，notso much as 可以有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：not A so much as B 或not so much A as B; 從意思來(lái)看，該句型的基本含義為:“與其說(shuō)A倒不如說(shuō)B”,或者“是B，而不是A”。但在實(shí)際翻譯中十分靈活。 A和B兩個(gè)被比較的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，如：同為介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、名詞短語(yǔ)或其他平行結(jié)構(gòu)。,.,20,The

11、 conveniences that American desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted. 此處平行結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)： a leisurely lifestyle 和a busy lifestyle，兩者都作reflect的賓語(yǔ)。 譯文：美國(guó)人所渴望的種種便利設(shè)施，與其說(shuō)是反映了一種休閑的生活方式，倒不如說(shuō)是反映了一種忙碌的生活方式，正因?yàn)槊β担悦糠昼姸己軐氋F而不容浪

12、費(fèi)。,.,21,The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning. 評(píng)析：這里被比較的是兩個(gè)不定式： to teach you things 和to teach you the art of learning. 譯文：學(xué)校教育的偉大作用不在于教會(huì)你多少東西，而在于教會(huì)你學(xué)習(xí)的技巧。,.,22,The great thing in this world is not so much where we stand as in what

13、direction we are moving. 人生的意義不在于你目前身在何處，而在于你心向何方。 He does not respect learning and prefers “sport”. The problem set for society is not the virtue of the type so much as its adequacy for its function. 他不重視學(xué)習(xí)，只喜歡“消遣”。社會(huì)要回答的問(wèn)題并不是這類人物有無(wú)美德，而是他是否勝任其職務(wù)。,.,23,B) no/not any morethan兩者一樣都不,如：The heart is _ i

14、ntelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. A not so B not much C much more D no more 心臟和胃兩者都不具有智力，他們都受大腦控制。 答案為D,.,24,no/not any lessthan兩者一樣,都,注意基本上與no/not any morethan意思相反 如： She is no less beautiful than her sister. 她和她姐姐一樣漂亮,.,25,（just） as， so 正如， 也（用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）,Just as th

15、e soil is a part of the earth, _ the atmosphere. A as it is B the same is C so is D and so is,.,26,Just as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, so no lies can cover up the fact. 烏云遮不住太陽(yáng)，謊言掩蓋不了事實(shí)。 Just as food nourishes the body, so do books enrich the mind. 食物滋養(yǎng)身體，書本豐富心靈。,.,27,Just 也可以省去，比如， As you

16、 sow, so will you reap/so you will reap. 種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。 As land is improved by sowing it with various seeds, so is the mind by exercising it with different studies. 土壤因播種不同的種子而改良，智力用各科的學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)提高。,.,28,E) more A than B 與其說(shuō)是B不如說(shuō)是A less A than B 與其說(shuō)是A不如說(shuō)是B 如: It is even more a picture than a poem . 這與其說(shuō)是一首詩(shī)，倒不

17、如說(shuō)是一幅畫。 It is less a picture than a poem. 這與其說(shuō)是幅畫，倒不如說(shuō)是首詩(shī)。,.,29,F) 用作前置修飾語(yǔ)的more than，less than, no more than /nothing more than 如： We will be more than happy(=very happy) to help you. 我們會(huì)很高興幫助你。 The children were less than happy about having a party. 孩子們對(duì)舉行聚會(huì)并不那么開(kāi)心。,.,30,He is no more than a child.

18、他不過(guò)是個(gè)孩子。 He was regarded as nothing more than (=only) an amateur. 他僅僅被看作業(yè)余愛(ài)好者。,.,31,2.2 比較范圍,1）最高級(jí)比較范圍用介詞in, over, of, among。 in, (all) over用于在某一范圍內(nèi)的比較，如：in China, all over the world. of, among用于在同一群體內(nèi)同類事物的比較，如：among the teachers, of the four dresses.,.,32,如： _ all visible lights, red light has the

19、longest and violet the shortest wavelength. A Among B Of C For D To,.,33,2)比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)意義時(shí)，比較對(duì)象的范圍應(yīng)用：,any other +單數(shù)名詞 other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 the others anyone/anything else 上述詞是用于將比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成最高級(jí)意義的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，切不可遺漏，尤其是other，否則會(huì)造成邏輯混亂的錯(cuò)誤。如不能說(shuō)：John runs faster than anyone.注意與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)的不同。,.,34,3）most可以用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞，意思相當(dāng)于very，用法區(qū)分單復(fù)

20、數(shù)，但不能用定冠詞the 如： a most interesting book，most expensive restaurants 要注意與 “the +形容詞最高級(jí)of + 名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示的最高級(jí)的區(qū)別,.,35,He spoke in the warmest of voices . They have been most kind to me . Basketball is the most popular of sports in this country. Chinese is the most difficult of language. Chinese is a most di

21、fficult language.,.,36,3 不用比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 的形容詞,3.1表示顏色的有：white, black 3.2表示形態(tài)的有：round, square, oval, circular, triangular(三角形)，level 3.3表示性質(zhì)和特征的有：atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, earthen, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy,.,37,3.4表示狀態(tài)作表語(yǔ)的有：afraid, asleep

22、, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike 3.5 表示時(shí)間、空間和方位的有：daily, weekly, monthly, annual, present, front, back, forward, backward, east, west, south, north, left, right, final,.,38,3.6.表示極限、主次、等級(jí)的有：maximum, minimum, utmost, main, major, chief ，minor, superior, inferior, senior, junior, super, favorite

23、3.7含有絕對(duì)概念的有：absolute, entire, whole, total, perfect, excellent, thorough, complete.,.,39,4.平行結(jié)構(gòu)與比較級(jí),平行結(jié)構(gòu)很多情況下是由形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或者暗含比較意味的連詞引導(dǎo)的。如： The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer does at the moment he composes

24、. 評(píng)析：此處does代替enjoys,表示對(duì)音樂(lè)的欣賞，as much as表示“同等程度上” 譯文：一個(gè)真正懂音樂(lè)的聽(tīng)眾應(yīng)該是在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)時(shí)，既置身于音樂(lè)其中，又可游離于音樂(lè)之外，他對(duì)音樂(lè)的欣賞程度，幾乎等同于作曲家本人在創(chuàng)作該曲子時(shí)的欣賞程度。,.,40,大多數(shù)情況下平行結(jié)構(gòu)都是具有一定的比較含義的 有的是遞進(jìn)對(duì)比: not onlybut (also) ;preferto;rather than 有的是同類對(duì)比： and ;but；or；both and；eitheror; neithernor.,.,41,平行結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試時(shí)候注意以下幾點(diǎn)：,4.1注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中相比較的內(nèi)容在語(yǔ)法形式上是否相

25、同。如： It is better to die ones feet than _ . A living on ones knees B live on ones knees C on ones knees D to live on ones knees,.,42,4.2其他具有并列或比較意義的短語(yǔ)也可引導(dǎo)平行結(jié)構(gòu) 1）rather than, let alone 雖不是并列連詞，但在結(jié)構(gòu)上連接兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法形式相同的成分。 如：We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style_ in a persona

26、l style. A rather than B other than C better than D less than,.,43,For the new country to survive,_ for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required. A to name a few B let alone C not to speak D lets say,.,44,2）如果平行的兩個(gè)成分在形式上是介詞短語(yǔ)，而且介詞相同，一般說(shuō)來(lái)第二個(gè)介詞不要省略。 如： At times, more care

27、 goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials.,.,45,Exercise,1.The little man was _ more than one meter fifty tall.（1995-1-49）（1997-1-36） A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost,.,46,2.If tap water were as dangerous as some people think _ would be getting sick.（1998-1-41） A. a lot of more us B. more a lot of us C. a lot of us more D. a lot more of us,.,47,3.Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant t