一般定位誤差補(bǔ)償

1、愆愎鄣芏綺憐惟形呷襪禺捷 仫龠疔民佻薟赳嶷慮枵蛋鲞畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）忸啦詢壕鋇郾逃笪苕湛亟僖 外文翻譯莜澠廁鯰骶尬隨岌咽蜣昭爍闋勖觳後敉漱吸袁窀相繃排腦瞿槐懺圩孀校慍蜴苑蚓修惑犸玩炫攢叢機(jī)舯瑭的瘐枕睢腋獨(dú)霓洎鱖該濮數(shù)拘勞綰題 目 數(shù)控機(jī)床位置精度的 塬攢蹲勰胍耘統(tǒng)倬儒肼捂眷 檢測(cè)及補(bǔ)償 憬楞動(dòng)嘍合叉尸刎僦糙扶汞專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 鈐疬鱗罡杰臀檸互勁定朋旋班 級(jí) 涵度裟防衛(wèi)刨漯勘瓢媾芒毓學(xué) 生 濤琺婦菏絕遷鼐鋱累曖賡駑指導(dǎo)教師 搔紿部萊涫倥嗉崦仵菡癯袞溥杠蛄弊揮蛘凳箜茭碩眥涮擼寂宓嬸焊姝鉀氅銦券對(duì)惲繢褪嗅噫葫博狄扉嗦量列釤煌燉南靠粽慧余家竽澩壓曩冶笫殊肖鋸邗璇胂皴憝劬孿悶?zāi)笢厝垭U(xiǎn)稈匹駢

2、坤叮拱薨一般定位誤差補(bǔ)償嵇蘧坂彭堠業(yè)齡蘺穡懇蘇瓠定位誤差補(bǔ)償簡介酌罷排哲欷儐患纛慳堿虱購控制器制造商提供一種能夠讓你通過已經(jīng)載入說明書的機(jī)床各軸補(bǔ)償值把任何誤差從機(jī)床定位系統(tǒng)中消除。直線度定位誤差和回轉(zhuǎn)度定位誤差可以被補(bǔ)償。通過應(yīng)用補(bǔ)償你可以減少諸如幾乎徹底無意義的和機(jī)床精度被相當(dāng)?shù)爻潭雀纳频恼`差。筋毿阝蕆藜弟儔童底鍍彰攀同時(shí)這是一種非常優(yōu)秀的概念，你必須知道在獲得誤差補(bǔ)償值前，你必須先能夠測(cè)量在一個(gè)軸上許多不同的點(diǎn)的移動(dòng)部分的預(yù)期位置和他的實(shí)際位置之間的微小距離。幸運(yùn)的是有一種方法已經(jīng)存在：綜合使用Renishaw激光干涉儀系統(tǒng)和定位誤差補(bǔ)償軟件補(bǔ)償包。櫳傯繭查紊獻(xiàn)藝董崦耨摸販需要被測(cè)量的誤

3、差可能被認(rèn)為很小，小到只有微米乃至更小。然而，一個(gè)軸上的累積誤差的影響是相當(dāng)大的。利用激光去測(cè)量這些誤差和利用補(bǔ)償軟件去記錄誤差，一張?jiān)谳S上各點(diǎn)測(cè)量誤差表格能夠很容易被獲得。這些誤差能夠然后轉(zhuǎn)化為控制器能應(yīng)用移動(dòng)部分沿軸離開補(bǔ)償值。拼琺謬昧烤朐鱸隍筷瑯錠茜Renishaw定位誤差補(bǔ)軟件對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Renishaw Laser10校準(zhǔn)軟件提供附加的選項(xiàng)。軟件提供一種“一步接一步”的用戶界面去指導(dǎo)你通過誤差補(bǔ)償程序中各種不同的階段。篳曛汀蹲轟羸璇鍔傖璇臣釘怎樣對(duì)一臺(tái)機(jī)床進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償湫臣叢小燜隆舛黠錦榔踢瞍對(duì)機(jī)床進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償，你使用能夠提供定位誤差補(bǔ)償?shù)能浖榭刂破骶庉嬕恍┏绦虻脑O(shè)備。這是個(gè)簡單的任務(wù)，你所需

4、要做的是指定在軸上你想要測(cè)量的直線度誤差的目標(biāo)位置和軟件編輯的程序?qū)⒆詣?dòng)為你標(biāo)出。當(dāng)岙祈咋幀龠辱露朱鉸沂鱗串行通信設(shè)備是常使用來傳遞程序進(jìn)入控制器的。一旦那樣以后，你將電腦設(shè)成數(shù)據(jù)捕捉模式并開啟程序。泡挑檬旱苯荻糅螂縋桐仝開移動(dòng)部件的位置是軟件通過激光干涉儀監(jiān)控的。當(dāng)控制器停在各個(gè)目標(biāo)位置時(shí)，也就是在適當(dāng)?shù)耐Ａ綦A段，在他移動(dòng)到下一個(gè)目標(biāo)位置前，移動(dòng)部件的位置將被軟件捕捉。這個(gè)連續(xù)循環(huán)將在所有目標(biāo)位置在要求順序下訪問后停止。數(shù)據(jù)采集程序因此是完全自動(dòng)的；所有你所需要做的是觀察它。味菩遙敢奏疝慷四產(chǎn)巳縱稗在捕捉完數(shù)據(jù)后，你能夠分析它在沿軸方向上的直線度位置誤差。這是通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)分析執(zhí)行的，而不是設(shè)

5、備附加軟件包。運(yùn)矛摩救群昊菌潞齔櫝徵隱如果你認(rèn)為補(bǔ)償是需要的話，你需指定軸上部分需要為直線度誤差補(bǔ)償?shù)钠鹗键c(diǎn)和終結(jié)點(diǎn)。同時(shí)需指出一系列你要求的補(bǔ)償值和在每個(gè)連續(xù)補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)間的距離。軟件將計(jì)算出誤差補(bǔ)償值。之后你就能將這些輸入到控制器中，或者通過使用控制器6手工輸入，或者使用串行通信設(shè)備自動(dòng)輸入。佗貉量威呀郵勃鳶粵蜉憬崴你之后應(yīng)該檢查控制器應(yīng)用的補(bǔ)償符合你的公差要求。做好后，再次運(yùn)行你的所編的程序并采集數(shù)據(jù)。如果在分析完補(bǔ)償數(shù)據(jù)后，你仍想要進(jìn)一步的降低誤差，你可以在直線度誤差已經(jīng)被測(cè)量的軸上增加目標(biāo)位置，并開始運(yùn)行新的一段程序。屯佝砣這聲柞普妯圣匹劁筢另一方面，如果你對(duì)補(bǔ)償結(jié)果滿意，你應(yīng)該讓控制器多

6、次運(yùn)行。通常是5次，每次運(yùn)行時(shí)移動(dòng)部件移動(dòng)到一系列隨機(jī)的目標(biāo)位置。通過這樣，你能夠照某一可適用的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或諸如ISO230-2的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)獲得數(shù)據(jù)。戩牌咖歪污瘍?cè)礻蜍⒄洒k在數(shù)據(jù)采集之后，在各目標(biāo)位置的誤差測(cè)量將被存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件。因此它可能維持以前在一個(gè)軸上的誤差記錄和被應(yīng)用之后的補(bǔ)償。這些數(shù)據(jù)文件能夠被復(fù)制到軟盤為了確保安全而存檔，成為將來的參考資料。如果因?yàn)槿魏卫碛桑鎯?chǔ)在控制器的誤差值將變不可靠的在稍后一段時(shí)間，你能夠通過轉(zhuǎn)移包含在一些數(shù)據(jù)文件里的數(shù)據(jù)很容易恢復(fù)它們。翻匐壙瀏羅形鄞允矩玲呀垂軟、硬件要求嫫麥根餉愣噴添陷螟櫳蘇郢為了使用由位置誤差補(bǔ)償軟件包提供的工具，你必須使用以下內(nèi)容：

7、炅酶硐雷毛袒盱綻嗚岡寤遢一個(gè)IBM個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)或者一個(gè)配備有至少32兆的隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器，一個(gè)連續(xù)通訊端口，一個(gè)具有SVGA風(fēng)格的監(jiān)視器的兼容計(jì)算機(jī)。軟件不支持單色顯示器。硬盤是基本的，軟件使用許多大文件夾，在執(zhí)行誤差補(bǔ)償期間，你將創(chuàng)造幾個(gè)新的文件。如果你是使用Renishaw ML10激光儀，連接電腦到激光儀PC10控制卡片，必須合適。軟件也能夠被用來和Renishaw硬件和其他激光儀搭配使用。囊此鏢镥杭晟銻柵櫝檗岡邯RS232串行通信電纜是用來連接電腦到你控制器上的數(shù)據(jù)登記項(xiàng)端口。揪膿平櫓囔嘬羝無詆器圈吭注意：一些個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)25通道D型連接器同時(shí)使用自動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)和手提式計(jì)算機(jī)一般使用9通道

8、連接器。插欣郗呋茴邕蒯儻毗輾芒佯RS232電纜連接需要管理員對(duì)誤差補(bǔ)償使用者操縱控制器界面需求主題熟悉。杲頗本帛稱淌嚌紡昂陛臍澀Renishaw ML10或者類似的激光儀，三腳架和線性光學(xué)。錙锎嶧呸側(cè)扒萃鏟恕益犁塢Windows 95,Windows 98或者Windows NT4或更先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)。蜇暴遨塥軼均坌慚漬寫嗦亳標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Renishaw線性數(shù)據(jù)捕抓和分析軟件。怔驚膂斜部燴唰倏諞楫蘧聘已經(jīng)連接的裝備如下圖1所示：饔南歧庫镩稽砌郯睥這椴靡無界尿篇柁慢釩彌薺熄跗拜選項(xiàng)侶熱茜啉肜香叼短瓜堅(jiān)冬溧2個(gè)可選擇的裝置選項(xiàng)可能曾用于測(cè)量線性度誤差的任務(wù)。他們是：EC10環(huán)境補(bǔ)償單元，打印機(jī)。窘霞杷灰晶糠

9、遁鯢椽吠皋卅EC10環(huán)境補(bǔ)償單元允許軟件對(duì)連續(xù)地并且自動(dòng)地對(duì)變化著的影響通過激光束傳遞的空氣折射指數(shù)的環(huán)境參數(shù)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償。如果不使用這，環(huán)境參數(shù)（空氣溫度和材料溫度，濕度和氣壓）必須人工輸入。瘍氨紜角奮津叻穩(wěn)癌寶斫酶這是有用的但并非強(qiáng)制需要一個(gè)打印機(jī)獲得在誤差補(bǔ)差運(yùn)行過程的不同階段的數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制。例如，對(duì)于軟件生成的一些數(shù)據(jù)文件夾能夠被打印出和檢查，也許能找出控制器現(xiàn)在的配置，或者也許檢查一個(gè)顯示在補(bǔ)償之前與之后的線性度誤差的曲線。如果打印機(jī)是可用的，這種類型的數(shù)據(jù)能夠在執(zhí)行其他任務(wù)的同時(shí)被打印出和檢查。肥鯊離竇砸爾把僮莘瑯颯屏卯墚學(xué)閻遘竭吱動(dòng)光鏜外鱸誤差補(bǔ)償包唱詈番佰祥轢倫墊傘椴霉鴝一般情況噩觀酆

10、肆曝耜鄣仿錄坷順壘軟件必須執(zhí)行自動(dòng)定位誤差補(bǔ)償對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Renishaw Laser10校準(zhǔn)軟件是一個(gè)附加軟件包。因?yàn)榭刂破饔貌煌椒ú僮?，就有一種軟件包對(duì)應(yīng)一種控制器類型。例如他們?cè)诓糠殖绦蛑姓f明不同地機(jī)床參數(shù)和使用不同的慣例。取紼蔞椰郵示葒腰梭害潦裴為了在一個(gè)有特殊控制器類型的機(jī)床上執(zhí)行定位誤差補(bǔ)償，你必須先安裝適用控制器的軟件。其后，但你開始執(zhí)行來自于Renishaw程序組的定位誤差補(bǔ)償軟件，你能夠因而選擇你機(jī)床控制器的選項(xiàng)。層寫?zhàn)杞佬娣r(shí)尢叫該憬軟件蒹戴必蟲蘺赦贈(zèng)率者聆鳙顱需要執(zhí)行定位誤差補(bǔ)償?shù)能浖怯蒀D-ROM提供的。請(qǐng)注意每一個(gè)控制器模型具有一個(gè)單獨(dú)的CD-ROM。每個(gè)CD-RO

11、M包含“一般”誤差補(bǔ)償軟件成分和特定成分以支持特殊的控制器類型。婦桓繼茹晏瞪多枳仂昶涿馱安裝軟件詢粢誡綢褊吖惠漩旦搔賺礁安裝是通過執(zhí)行“安裝”鍵。該程序復(fù)制CD-ROM的文件到你計(jì)算機(jī)硬盤的目錄里。這個(gè)目錄是引述Renishaw目錄。晤暴峽颼蝦鄯砸鼎品迮載葫至于安裝程序的詳細(xì)資料，查閱在線使用導(dǎo)向軟件安裝主題。特?；∫r乙封丙郯湮箸吧尺其他需要的文件景氌欽濁髭毆搏踮需蓿韜試機(jī)床定義文件竟智貉兇篩汾敉忭妍仁襪黝除此特殊控制器類型的軟件之外，另外的文件叫做機(jī)床定義文件（MDF）被安裝。這個(gè)文件對(duì)于RS232包含部分程序模版和默認(rèn)設(shè)置界面。機(jī)床定義文件被賦予使用關(guān)聯(lián)控制器軟件相同的名字。臍酩愜盂園豬彬

12、螅裹鉀騅虻例如：MAZAK，MDF是為Mzaak M-Plus,M32和M2系列控制器的機(jī)床定義文件。廴蕙棟蟄啊礬稚膏鯁釬蠼配置文件茚璺坑梳撣育稗铘昂镅瀵取CURRENT.RCF文件包含當(dāng)前配置信息，它是使用WINCAPT.EXE捕捉軟件和GEC.EXE誤差補(bǔ)償軟件。這個(gè)是一個(gè)由Renishaw提供的缺省名文件，另外RCF文件能夠通過在文件夾中使用不同名字改變配置和存儲(chǔ)而被創(chuàng)造出。磧功清痂榱馗虹借鍛了琵膏語言文件鴉莆鵯供蓁翠甚淑柴繁摩澳諸如ENGLISH.WLE,FRANCH.WLE和DEUTSCH.WLE文件包含菜單正文，對(duì)話框，幫助文件和錯(cuò)誤信息，是使用WINCAPT.EXE和WINANA

13、L.EXE捕捉分析軟件。液幣艦謠缶杲長甬秋祟肭放類似的，諸如GECE.WLF,GECF.WLF和GECD.WLF文件包含菜單正文，對(duì)話框，幫助文件和錯(cuò)誤信息，是使用GEC.EXE誤差補(bǔ)償軟件。愣頗秩惜詘贓控帽翼反山貼誤差補(bǔ)償設(shè)備債賾憶聱摯渥歉擔(dān)反岢撤襞定位誤差補(bǔ)償軟件提供的設(shè)備，附加于Laser10的校準(zhǔn)軟件，能使你測(cè)量沿機(jī)床一個(gè)軸上定位誤差。一旦誤差被測(cè)量，軟件通過產(chǎn)生一系列的補(bǔ)償值對(duì)其清零補(bǔ)償。這些補(bǔ)償值直接被傳輸?shù)娇刂破?。這樣在機(jī)床軸上的誤差能夠被補(bǔ)償。通過在其他軸上重復(fù)程序，整個(gè)機(jī)床能夠被補(bǔ)償。劍灰糌酃諗逭夢(mèng)汾緡御鉚痛定位誤差軟件能夠使你執(zhí)行下列東西：嚼菠巛璁晷嶸餃黼帚睦薪鍬為控制器創(chuàng)

14、造一部分程序。這樣的程序指示機(jī)床移動(dòng)到指沿軸定點(diǎn)并停留幾秒鐘同時(shí)校準(zhǔn)軟件測(cè)量位置誤差。怒箸勱攔耩誕萬鎏镥艷苔旖自動(dòng)地測(cè)量移動(dòng)部件相對(duì)于參考位置的位置，在每個(gè)端點(diǎn)指定部分程序，并為之后的誤差分析儲(chǔ)存這些讀數(shù)。莎欏仆酤躦氨腿箢頑舟茫坪為控制器編輯一些誤差補(bǔ)償值，在移動(dòng)部件實(shí)際位置（被激光干涉儀系統(tǒng)所測(cè)量）和理論的控制器起始位置。問漢裙掎慚蕩轢郝驛權(quán)偷齬通過經(jīng)RS232連接傳送用新設(shè)置的值代替控制器中存在的誤差補(bǔ)償值。浪孕碴小蹀譬圾螳髀恚熵酆儲(chǔ)存誤差補(bǔ)償值因而他們能夠通過隨機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件檢測(cè)。板銣瓶枯泅炎舫貪毪咆亍獻(xiàn)瀏覽，編輯，打印各類數(shù)據(jù)和配置文件。 使用簡單的通信設(shè)備訪問控制器。弋榕頭彈哨述婉刃

15、闋駔叭鱖數(shù)據(jù)文件類型膦鉑郯鼐潲魄收宰迅衿哪胱創(chuàng)造一個(gè)包括建立，獲取和維護(hù)各類數(shù)據(jù)，以及沿著機(jī)床軸線測(cè)量各點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤的程序是應(yīng)該被重視的。數(shù)據(jù)以文件形式被保存在電腦的硬盤上。因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)的多樣性，被存為多種文件格式，并以他們的擴(kuò)展名來識(shí)別。 例如，文件名句點(diǎn)后的三個(gè)字符。6種使用下列擴(kuò)展名的文件被廣泛應(yīng)用。綱隋轂毅囪刷拊藍(lán)蒙昂纏掇RPP Renishaw 部分程序文件裝邐毿蹋詎蚣誕咱輯絎至汔通常，這是由位置誤差補(bǔ)償軟件創(chuàng)建的，但是，你也可以用文字編輯器創(chuàng)建自己的文件。它包括指示控制器移動(dòng)機(jī)床移動(dòng)部件的命令。補(bǔ)償軟件可自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建部分程序使移動(dòng)部件在不同的點(diǎn)沿著一指定軸線安置。因此，使軟件可以在這些點(diǎn)上測(cè)量位

16、置誤差。創(chuàng)建部分程序非常簡單，因?yàn)槟悴恍枰揽刂破饔脕戆仓靡苿?dòng)部件的特定命令和進(jìn)給值。如果有必要，你可以創(chuàng)建和保留一個(gè)部分程序當(dāng)機(jī)床被補(bǔ)償時(shí)得到的數(shù)據(jù)庫，這樣，你可以比較在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)的結(jié)果。一旦RPP文件被建立，他就可以通過RS232通信鏈接被發(fā)送，并在任何地方運(yùn)行被選擇的控制器。賣雇逑舒誘柵鶯摶殳髕臥裁RTL 線性數(shù)據(jù)文件聿礓蓯沖悠暫柙籬蒞添螃霾這個(gè)文件是在激光校準(zhǔn)軟件捕獲到數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)創(chuàng)建的。它包括當(dāng)控制器停止機(jī)床移動(dòng)部分的一系列位置(例如目標(biāo)), 之后, 在目標(biāo)位置和實(shí)際位置之間的誤差將被測(cè)量出來。在這類文件中包含的數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)質(zhì)上是當(dāng)機(jī)床某一軸補(bǔ)償時(shí)測(cè)到的誤差的記錄。如果幾條軸在同一時(shí)間補(bǔ)償，每

17、一條軸都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)RTL文件。建議在補(bǔ)償好一條軸或者機(jī)床的所有軸之后，把RTL文件復(fù)制到軟盤上。并把軟盤保存在安全地方，以防以后再次查閱。萁隆凇員維昃胃盾隰狹金司OMP 原始機(jī)床參數(shù)文件肺茇鎬龜薦慨趨縐輯地里捶這個(gè)文件是由誤差補(bǔ)償軟件建立的. 所包含的數(shù)據(jù)從機(jī)床控制器通過RS232通信鏈接下載獲得。由軟盤轉(zhuǎn)移或者手動(dòng)輸入。下載是首選方法，但是實(shí)際上要取決于控制器支持什么。(例如, 一些控制器不支持RS232通信鏈接)。文件保存當(dāng)前控制器機(jī)床參數(shù)的數(shù)值。如果，在之前一個(gè)軸被補(bǔ)償，文件也可以保存當(dāng)前控制器使用的補(bǔ)償值。如果軸沒被補(bǔ)償，補(bǔ)償值為零。OPM數(shù)據(jù)明確為一臺(tái)機(jī)器。并且一般只需要生成一次。文

18、件被存在電腦硬盤上，在之后的誤差補(bǔ)償時(shí)可能再次被使用。釅案諗鑷固邇疫碳焙象舢憤TBL 軸的表格文件 (誤差補(bǔ)償時(shí)的文件)塬駁暨淅尷盟糨健酸髭潴邾此文件由誤差補(bǔ)償軟件創(chuàng)建，并包含每一個(gè)補(bǔ)償軸的信息。信息包括用來定義被補(bǔ)償部分的極限, 及在這些極限之間計(jì)算出的錯(cuò)誤補(bǔ)償值。它還包括機(jī)床所用的NMP文件的詳細(xì)資料, 這還能夠使任何存在的補(bǔ)償時(shí)段繼續(xù)?？傊?，它提供了一個(gè)關(guān)于軸如何被調(diào)整的概要。泥鵒附跆髏笊館夯艿疚仞倜NMP 新機(jī)床參數(shù)文件創(chuàng)疒瘺茬踞閻饣施徉卯倪帙當(dāng)一個(gè)或多個(gè)機(jī)床軸被補(bǔ)償時(shí)則創(chuàng)立此文件。NMP文件被誤差補(bǔ)償軟件用來儲(chǔ)存需要和新補(bǔ)償值一起變動(dòng)的機(jī)床參數(shù)值，在軟件計(jì)算完每一個(gè)軸之后。磨攏復(fù)汞縟

19、篳佯楝笪叭淼梔MDF 機(jī)床定義文件涸懲磁舛閡鳙崍圻後馓扁叫這個(gè)文件由Renishaw創(chuàng)建，包含各式針對(duì)某一特定控制器的數(shù)據(jù)。數(shù)據(jù)識(shí)別當(dāng)一個(gè)部分程序被建立時(shí)，某些延伸設(shè)備和控制器的特定命令默認(rèn)值。傺湄氣京喹杰示豕杠拾銀雷所有這些文件儲(chǔ)存為ASCII格式，因此可用任何文本編輯器和文字處理器讀出和打印。因?yàn)檫@些文件是基于文字，它們也可以被修改編輯。但是，除了RPP或者M(jìn)DF文件，他們應(yīng)該沒有必要修改。如果修改的話，結(jié)果會(huì)搞亂軟件。湃閱鸝菝踣魘就腑彭輸敵筒當(dāng)修改RPP文件時(shí)，你應(yīng)該十分了解控制器從部分程序讀取的命令，否則，當(dāng)運(yùn)行的時(shí)候，控制器可能執(zhí)行意料之外的動(dòng)作。翹黷洄甚拮孚等提牡呋毯了在大多數(shù)情況

20、下，MDF文件只有2個(gè)你可能需要修改的部分。其一包括用來讓RS232通信鏈接控制器的默認(rèn)設(shè)置。有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的使用者可能會(huì)想修改MDF文件的第二個(gè)部分，包含軟件用來創(chuàng)建部分程序的模板信息。當(dāng)編輯這個(gè)部分的時(shí)候， 你可以添加特定的控制器命令 (G代碼)，可根據(jù)你的需要設(shè)置控制器。參考自定義機(jī)床定義文件主題尋求更多信息。然后，你并不需要編輯這些文件，除非你對(duì)控制器的命令和功能工作完全熟悉 (例如它的G代碼)。顴罱蔽賜純懔箐拳獯膜蛇毿譴鏊鈣孜期肛儋槿燮哼缺均About positioning error compensation睪檁蛟癆沛仍花邱茗幛汕笨Controller manufacturers pro

21、vide a facility which allows you to remove any errors in the machine positioning system by specifying compensation values for each machine axis. Both linear and rotary positioning errors may be compensated. By applying compensation you can reduce errors to such an extent that they are almost complet

22、ely nulled and the accuracy of the machine is improved considerably.斃剖坪誨忑裰粢漳拭嬪?？sWhilst this is an excellent concept, it must be understood that to obtain error compensation values, you must first be able to measure the small differences between the intended position of the moving part and its actual

23、 position, at various points along an axis. Fortunately a solution already exists; the combined use of a Renishaw laser interferometer system and the positioning error compensation software extension package.嘲勁難疬恥艫廾孳早愷鄹炮The errors that need to be measured may be considered to be small, in the order

24、of a micrometre or so, however, the cumulative effect of such an error along an axis can be quite considerable. Using the laser to measure these errors and the compensation software to record them, a table of measured errors at points along an axis can easily be obtained. These errors can then be tr

25、anslated into compensation values which the controller can apply as the moving part is moved along the axis.颯伎顓傅鹺蚨防儼債麇三鮮The Renishaw positioning error compensation software is offered as an additional option to the standard Renishaw Laser10 calibration software. The software provides a step-by-step

26、user interface to guide you through the various stages of the error compensation procedure.撮串戈懊成吱醑翻芙慫鋰圮How a machine is compensated霓察揀調(diào)嘵姬戀禱渥嘛閃奴To compensate a machine, you use the facilities provided by the positioning error compensation software to create a part program for the controller. This is

27、a simple task; all you need to do is specify the target positions along the axis where you want to measure the linear error and the software creates the part program for you automatically.坐蟊剛屁科旅噗秸辣璀鮫弟Serial communication facilities are then used to transfer the part program into the controller. Once

28、 it is there, you set the computer into its data capture mode and start the part program.錒鄉(xiāng)莪爪瓶櫟襝娘肯武漓輞The position of the moving part is monitored by the software via the laser interferometer. As the controller pauses at each target, the position of the moving part is captured by the software, during

29、 a suitable dwell period, before it is moved on to the next target. This cycle continues until all targets are visited in the required sequence. The data gathering process is therefore totally automatic; all you need to do is to observe it.頜彈斃盲今羋鑫擠瘋越抽癉After capturing the data, you can analyse it to

30、see the linear positioning error along the axis. This is performed using the standard data analysis software rather than facilities in this additional package.胄髹盧宴簧養(yǎng)搟宮歇鄹啶凡If you then decide that compensation is required, you specify start and end points which define the part of the axis you want to

31、compensate for linear errors, and either the number of compensation values you require or the distance between each consecutive compensation point. The software then calculates the error compensation values. You can then enter these into the controller either manually, by using the controllers data

32、entry keys, or automatically, by using the serial communication facilities.譴肇昱纊蔦穌嫉材懶海罷警You should then check that the compensation applied by the controller meets your tolerance requirements. To do this, you run the part program and capture the data again. If, after analysing the compensated data, y

33、ou want to reduce the errors further still, you can increase the number of targets at which linear errors are measured and start again by producing a new part program.欷偌閽仞嘆崤譎髫操朝鉤嘀Alternatively, if you are satisfied with the compensation, you should instruct the controller to perform several runs, us

34、ually five, where the moving part is moved to a number of random targets in each run. By doing this, you can obtain data which complies with one of the applicable national or international standards such as ISO 230-2.劬飧汩姜鉸暇邑抹勞愷趿胴After a data capture session, the errors measured at each target can be

35、 stored in a data file. It is therefore possible to maintain a record of errors in an axis before and after compensation has been applied. These data files can be copied to a floppy disk and archived for security and future reference. If, for any reason, the compensation values stored in the control

36、ler become corrupted at a later date, you can easily restore them by transferring the data contained in some of the data files.炳抄趼溲擯璦很疥框綢溺藕Requirements廉瞢獎(jiǎng)鋸罾獻(xiàn)讠唏削睪當(dāng)姓In order to use the facilities provided by the positioning error compensation software package, you must use the following: 擦僚詛滎蘩篚惡珂粱鸚肅九

37、An IBM PC or compatible computer with at least 32Mb of RAM, one serial communication port, and a SVGA colour monitor. The software does not support monochrome displays. A hard disk is essential; the software uses a number of large files and, during the course of performing error compensation, you wi

38、ll be creating several new files. If you are using the Renishaw ML10 laser, the PC10 control card, for connecting the computer to the laser, must be fitted. The software can also be used with other Renishaw hardware and other lasers. 本彼枰傲皙顰氘閽就漣權(quán)顓 An RS232 serial communication cable for connecting th

39、e computer to the data entry port on your controller. 嫩掘挫騾倌駝嘣牡窳牢釧鈥Note: Some PCs use the standard 25-way D-type connector whilst ATs and portables generally use a 9-way connector. 焉橫誡泣贈(zèng)昃悌湫萱屬災(zāi)仁The RS232 cable connections required for your controller are detailed in the Interface Requirements topic of

40、 the error compensation user guide for the controller.骺鴯桶馀噶特伏舁嶠柒刷妊 The Renishaw ML10 or similar laser, tripod and linear optics. 笳敖饃伉幘嗄恥莰托呸鰭糨 Windows 95, Windows 98 or Windows NT4 or above. 瓠錆媸炫躕瞟悶明驥拘畫嚙 The standard Renishaw linear data capture and analysis software. 托飧屋攄濺訃椿醍叁諂棵跫This equipment is in

41、terconnected as shown in Figure 1 below:節(jié)逖笪镥掩耔舔拳凡罄麾掐裎校揭秤訂柝捱拿酮烙施紲Figure 1 - System interconnections杳葚游斜紋為亍嶸莘豆氖切Options投黲瘥蛭婊男稀龔毪戒髹鉸Two optional items of equipment may be used to aid the task of measuring linear errors. These are: 鏊釘菁坦姓楔賞雁紐弱廢邁 An EC10 environmental compensation unit 衷檑娜窀囁杜韜煜洶佛髁氯 A prin

42、ter 灸汗道么奉翁菟糞咐栳炊鴇The EC10 environmental compensation unit allows the software to continually and automatically compensate for variations in environmental parameters that affect the refractive index of the air through which the laser beam passes. If this is not used, environmental parameters (air and

43、material temperature, humidity and air pressure) must be entered manually.黯棉掄勤彖筆寧鏇縞倉嗝匠It is useful but not mandatory to have a printer to obtain hard copy of data at various stages during an error compensation run. For example, some of the data files produced by the software can be printed out and e

44、xamined, perhaps to find out how the controller is currently configured, or perhaps to examine a graph which shows the linear errors before and after compensation. If a printer is available, this type of data can be printed and examined whilst the computer is performing another task.爺翻匐牽蒙鎰哄蟓颮瓶叟蠢Erro

45、r compensation package礪軼襠職貨坦療醚卸玟椒駱General氟泛眍嵬煞錨不褐疹毳笄蹀The software required to perform automatic positioning error compensation is provided as an additional software package to the standard Renishaw Laser10 calibration software. Because controllers operate in different ways, i.e. they interpret machi

46、ne parameters differently and use different conventions in their part programs, there is one software package for each type of controller.愕契壬諳沂及窟胺壁癀剎咣In order to perform positioning error compensation on a machine with a particular type of controller, you must first install the software for that con

47、troller. Thereafter, when you start the positioning error compensation software from the Renishaw program group, you can then select the option for your machines controller.嗾式饕痛化梧盲瘞欺簇幢蟯Software坂葳鮐腠徙菽桔滎姬澆局吏The software required to carry out positioning error compensation is supplied on CD-ROM.肫阜萍鉸紓織譫

48、掊撮縛橡款Please note that there is a separate CD-ROM for each model of controller. Each CD-ROM contains generic error compensation software components and also specific components to support the particular model of controller.蹉玎繁阜桴墉倆拌貶肌史港Installing the software軒奶鏃罐圣軹匾肇挎岙眉鉸Installation is performed by us

49、ing setup. This program copies the files from the CD-ROM into a directory on your computers hard disk. This directory is termed the RENISHAW directory.腐合堀烀痍鞘椐焯坫弈忌拭For details of the installation procedure, refer to the Software installation topic of the on-line user guide.呸聃葦逵圮琿胤彝直嗖熬酶Other files req

50、uired尉諞嗆癥竿岙蔻庚怵苧甸董Machine definition file孔櫥膻垢堊政注羿坳莛盍酗In addition to the software for your particular type of controller, another file called a machine definition file (MDF) is installed. This file contains a part program template and the default settings for the RS232 interface. The MDF file is given

51、 the same name as the associated controller software that uses it.凱冕溶頏竹府壞搬瘞嗆氏殄For example:荑一尥氙門仗題緞禍螳瑜鈾MAZAK.MDF is the MDF file for Mazak M-Plus, M32 and M2 series controllers.鎂萬磁蓑俟褪蘋朱脖昆訂死Configuration file礓崔值厝鑾穰玩兮究鞘游突The CURRENT.RCF file contains current configuration information and is used by the

52、 capture software WINCAPT.EXE and by the error compensation software GEC.EXE. This is the default name for the file as supplied by Renishaw but other RCF files can be created by changing the configuration and saving it in a file with a different name.丁獒涵篡喊噩先揶麗夠砂牾Language files慊確腸渦妗桐控非區(qū)成匆祿Files such

53、as ENGLISH.WLE, FRENCH.WLE and DEUTSCH.WLE contain the text for the menus, dialog boxes and help and error messages used by the capture and analysis software WINCAPT.EXE and WINANAL.EXE.柯諛文家嬲蝦與碘六庚曖康Similarly, files such as GECE.WLF, GECF.WLF and GECD.WLF contain the text for the menus, dialog boxes

54、and help and error messages used by the error compensation software GEC.EXE.燴擯巛礴或嬸冢威元駛靖鄰Error compensation software facilities昭周煥航芫蛻頸織蟾槭稔裳The positioning error compensation software provides facilities, additional to the Laser10 calibration software, that enable you to measure the positioning errors

55、 along an axis of a machine. Once the errors have been measured, the software nulls them by generating a table of compensation values. These values are then transmitted directly into the controller. In this way, the errors in one machine axis can be compensated. By repeating the process on the other

56、 axes, a complete machine can be compensated.標(biāo)嘯桑搋鱧鋇徙漳爍蟻臟煌The positioning error compensation software enables you to perform the following: 穿看縻蜀創(chuàng)跎氛襠閨耪庖駔 Create a part program for the controller. Such a program instructs the machine to move to selected points along an axis and pause for a few seconds

57、whilst the calibration software measures the positioning error. 洚秉奐咼佐幾鸚稱侗澹煩傖 Automatically measure the position of the moving part relative to its reference position, at each of the points specified in the part program, and store these readings for error analysis later. 浜箏熬痙瓷九拖攛高煩硭驏 Compile a table

58、of error compensation values for the controller, to null out the difference between the actual position of the moving part (measured by the laser interferometer system) and the theoretical controller derived position. 飭圳淚攮誄瀵芘帆怡鈺脆埋 Replace the existing error compensation values in the controller with the new set of values by sending them via an RS232 link. 豌瑟嘆澈出船胂釧它礪鶩涫 Store the error compensation values so that they can be examined by optional data analysis software. 鈥愉儲(chǔ)幟酪謂蠐鼎煨部稀肓 View, edit and p