MLA正文格式樣例

1、正文中的一級標(biāo)題用14號times new roman 加粗，標(biāo)題在某一頁的開始，段前就不再另外空行，只段后一行即可。所有標(biāo)題左對齊i. introduction mla 格式中，每個(gè)標(biāo)題下的首段都要縮進(jìn)5個(gè)字符。正文內(nèi)容times new roman，12號字，1.5倍行距。正文中的一級標(biāo)題用14號times new roman 加粗，段前兩行，段后一行。所有標(biāo)題左對齊。mla格式中， 每個(gè)標(biāo)題里 每個(gè)實(shí)義詞首字母大寫 said and his orientalism has made great contribution to literature. as a crucial branch

2、 of post-colonialism, orientalism has three levels of meaning. first, it is a historical and comprehensive subject, which covers psychology, linguistics, and so forth. second, it is a way of thinking on the basis of the orient and the occident. in a word, it is the reappearance of all kinds of cultu

3、res of the slaves who live in the eastern world. third, it is a sort of power language. this essay aims at the analysis of one out of many from saids orientalism. one out of many is written by vsnaipaul, who won the nobel prize in 2001, the booker prize in 1971. it introduces the main character sant

4、osh, who is a cook from bombay, india. in bombay, he is complimented by people everywhere for his employers status and his capacity for cooking. however, when he leaves for washington, he makes a lot of mistakes and cant adapt to that place in every aspect. he experiences the loss of dignity, identi

5、ty, and personal character. although he is a free man, he loses his freedom forever when he comes to washington. this essay will give a detailed description of how and why it happens.ii. edward saids opinion on culture and orientalism全部正文內(nèi)容使用word 1.5倍行距，從引言那頁開始標(biāo)頁碼，頁碼居中對齊。 edwardw said was born in a

6、christian family in november 1st, 1935 in jerusalem. people can know saids opinion clearly. first, he revealed the relationship between culture and imperialism. for example, from a variety of novels he cited, people can realize the imperialism and find the cruelty of the imperialism, which can infer

7、 his thought in fighting against imperialism. second, people can observe his consciousness of equality; it is shown by his narration about his own background in culture and imperialism.二級標(biāo)題及以下標(biāo)題使用12 號times new roman加粗，段前一行，然后回車正常行距書寫正文。he introduces some french and british literary works in it, whic

8、h unfold the bad influence of the colonialism on colony.a. saids thought on culturemla格式：每級標(biāo)題下的首段及以后每一段都需縮進(jìn)五個(gè)字符 when talks about the narration, edward w said says that his fundamental opinion is that story is the essential content; it is also the method for the colony people to ensure their status a

9、nd the existence of them. said states that the meaning of culture has double aspects in his book culture and imperialism. first, it refers to the art of description, communication, expression, and other activities. these activities are relatively independent from the economic, social and political a

10、rea. at the same time, they exist in the form of aesthetics; one of the major goals is recreation.文中沒出現(xiàn)作者名字時(shí)，括號中作者姓氏 頁碼，中間不需要加標(biāo)點(diǎn)。文中引用的句點(diǎn)在括號后。大段引用的句點(diǎn)則在括號前。參見下文中紫色字后的句點(diǎn)位置 he thinks that the biggest treasure of culture exists in the investment of knowledge and aesthetics. the following sentences show h

11、is idea. you will be shown full of vitality. the vitality not only comes from the colony activity, but also the foreign countrys geography and people. the most important thing is that your right notion have you cant imagine those inhabitant (said 78). b. saids consciousness of equality文中出現(xiàn)作者名字時(shí)，括號中只

12、寫頁碼 although the western people think that the eastern world is backward and the people there are very mindless, edward said thinks that the eastern people are as equal as the western people. my contention is that orientalism is fundamentally a political doctrine willed over the orient because the o

13、rient was weaker than the west, which elided the orients difference with its weakness.as a cultural apparatus orientalism is all aggression, activity, judgment, will-to-truth, and knowledge. (204) 大段引用（40字以上）要用單倍行距，整體縮進(jìn)10個(gè)字符。段前段后空一行。首行不縮進(jìn) said has studied the 19th century discourse principally. what

14、s more, he is strongly influenced by the work of thinkers, like chomsky, and foucault. therefore, saids work also focuses on the contemporary realities and has clear political implications as well. orientalism together with postmodernist and post-colonial works describes various degrees.c. saids cri

15、ticism of orientalism當(dāng)文中緊挨的兩個(gè)引用都是出自同一個(gè)作者的同一本書，且這兩個(gè)引用都在同一頁上時(shí)，第一個(gè)正常寫就可如（said 34)，第二個(gè)就只寫頁碼即可如(56) orientalism is a book published in 1978 by edward said that has been highly influential and controversial in post-colonial studies and other fields. in the book, he effectively redefined the term “oriental

16、ism”（said 34) . this mean a constellation of false assumptions based on western attitudes toward the middle east (56). . the analysis of one out of many from saids orientalism perspective 正文中的作品名字加下劃線 the above chapter has introduced what is orientalism and saids attitude towards orientalism. this c

17、hapter aims at analyzing one out of many from saids orientalism perspective. the main character of one out of many is santosh. he is a cook in bombay, india. 后幾段已省略a. the reappearance of orientalism and its analysis of one out of many一級標(biāo)題（如i.）和二級標(biāo)題（如a.）后都可以是一段內(nèi)容，但至少三行。三級標(biāo)題（如1.）后至少兩段內(nèi)容。 每級標(biāo)題之間必須有內(nèi)容 c

18、laiming to be a citizen of the world, vsnaipaul is one of the most famous writer in britain who is awarded the nobel prize for literature in 2001. 后幾段已省略。本頁只為說明論文的結(jié)構(gòu)，故省略了其中很多段落。b.the pursuit and loss of freedom, dignity, identity, and personal character the above part introduces the reappearance of

19、oriental-ism and its analysis of one out of many. this part focuses on the experiences of santosh, namely, his loss of freedom, dignity, legal activity, and personal character.文章的各級標(biāo)題和內(nèi)容要放在同一頁上。如果標(biāo)題在某頁的最下面，要挪到下一頁。標(biāo)題之間需有文字內(nèi)容，且不能只是一兩行，太少了。1. the loss of freedom and dignity二級標(biāo)題及以下標(biāo)題使用12 號times new roma

20、n加粗，上空一行,即段前一行，然后回車正常行距書寫正文。所有標(biāo)題左對齊 one man out of many narrates that santosh is now an american citizen and he lives in washington, capital of the world. many people, both here and in india feel that he has done well. 2. the loss of identity although the washington people show contemplation to sant

21、osh, he doesnt abandon the pursuit for freedom. he makes great efforts to make him adapt to the life in washington. first, he buys a green suit and he decides to not tell his employer. 以后部分省略 當(dāng)文中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)作者共同寫的一本書時(shí)，格式如下： in the 1970s the great pyramid inspired a fad of pyramid enthusiasts, who . . . (sch

22、ul and pettit 159). 或者 schul and pettit draw attention to the fact that in the 1970s the great pyramid . . . (159). 如作者姓名在文中出現(xiàn)，在括號中只寫頁碼。3. the loss of personal character the second part depicts the process of how santosh pursues his freedom and loses his identity. this part is connected to the secon

23、d part. to be more specific, this part develops on the basis of the second part and the final result of the second part. 以后部分省略 如果無法找到第一手資料（即原作者）則可以間接引用（即引用別人說過的話）。如魯迅說的原話找不到, 但是張三在他的文中引用過，則可以在文中寫魯迅說過.，然后再括號中寫引自張的書。括號中的作者是參考文獻(xiàn)中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的條目，即你能找到張三的書就把張三的書寫在參考文獻(xiàn)中。括號中寫qtd. in 然后空一個(gè)格加作者姓，再空一格寫頁碼。參照如下：lu xun

24、 states that “mankind has always thought to substitute energy for reason” (qtd. in zhang 274). conclusion this essay mainly focuses on saids oriental-ism and its reappearance in one out of many. after studying, people know that orientalism has three levels of meaning. whats more, relying on the anal

25、ysis of one out of many from saids orientalism perspective, especially, the sufferings and encountering of santosh in washington, people now can know how arrogant and contemptuous the western people are to the eastern people. 以后部分省略conclusion 部分要和正文部分比例協(xié)調(diào)，且涵蓋要點(diǎn)conclusion不用另起一頁，因?yàn)樗钦牡囊徊糠謜orks cited（

26、居中）（times new roman 加粗) (段后一行）。文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容times new roman 小4號，所有內(nèi)容先都選中設(shè)成1.5倍行距，然后每條再設(shè)成段后一行。)。works citedfu, lei. “oriental elemental elements in naipauls works in the context of heterogeneous culturesin the case of in a free state.” journal of nanchang hang kong university 19. 7 (2012): 3.一個(gè)作者寫的書，格式為 姓，全名.

27、 書名下劃線. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年.naipaul, vidiadhar surajprasad. in a free state. new york: new york vintage international vintage books press, 2003.譯作格式 原作者姓, 全名. 書名下劃線. trans. 譯者姓名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年.said, edward. culture and imperialism. trans. li, kun. beijing: three connections bookstore press, 2003.同一作者第二本書，

28、以書名第一個(gè)主要單詞的首字母順序排列先后，作者的姓名放在第一條文獻(xiàn)條目前，第二條文獻(xiàn)條目前用三個(gè)連字號。-. orientalism. trans. wang, yugen. beijing: three connections bookstore press, 1999.wang, shalie. “an analysis of naipauls in a free state under the perspective of the spatial theory.” journal of jilin normal university 16. 4 (2008): 3-4.xu, hongx

29、ian. “research on orientalism.” journal of nanjing radio and tv university 24. 8 (2011): 6.文獻(xiàn)部分不標(biāo)序號，但是要按照首字母的字母順序排列。如果一行不夠書寫需換行時(shí)要有三個(gè)字符的空格，不同的條目之間空一行書寫。如果條目多，則條目間不需要空行。雜志格式 文章作者姓, 全名. “文章標(biāo)題.” 雜志名稱 卷號. 期號 (出版年代): 起始頁碼.注意：1. 雜志名 卷號. 期號 時(shí)間 頁碼，他們之間都要有一個(gè)空格 2. 文章名中所有實(shí)義詞首字母大寫zhao, chun. “reflection and doub

30、t: said and saids orientalism.” foreign literature 12. 9 (2007): 4.網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源格式網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源若是期刊則與前面講的期刊格式一致，若是書籍則與前面講的書籍格式一致。不同的是后面需加上檢索日期及檢索的網(wǎng)址。fischer, michael f. “worthless words for the day.” 21 november 2005. retrieved 8 may 2007 .檢索日期前加retrieved，網(wǎng)址需放在尖括號里面，括號外加句點(diǎn)。碩博論文格式作者姓, 名. “文章名”（加雙引號）. 作者所在的大學(xué)名：未出版碩士或博士

31、論文，年.brine, j. w. “collaborative publishing and word processing in the primary curriculum: technology and side-effects”. university of toronto: unpublished ma thesis/doctoral dissertation, 1988.大學(xué)名稱后冒號，若是碩士論文寫unpublished ma thesis. 若是博士論文寫unpublished doctoral dissertation，然后是逗號，空格之后寫年代，句點(diǎn)一個(gè)編者編的書ed.表示編者，editor姓, 名, ed. 書名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年.frye, northrop, ed. romanticism reconsidered. new york: columbia university. press, 1963.兩個(gè)編者編的書用eds 表示editors,用復(fù)數(shù)形式姓, 名, and 名姓, eds. 書名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年.glotfelty, cheryll, and harold fromm, eds. the ecocritici