M6U1教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) Grammar and usage

1、 Grammar and usage Step 1： General introductionThis section helps us overview present tenses. You are expected to review the four types of present tense. They are the simple present, the present continuous, the present perfect and the present perfect continuous.Step 2： ExplanationI The present tense

2、1 表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理.(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國(guó)的東方。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽東升西落。2 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存有的狀態(tài),常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用.He takes

3、 a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚飯后散步。My mother works at the same company as my father. 我母親和父親在同一家公司工作。We always care for each other and help each other. 我們總是相互關(guān)心相互協(xié)助。3 表示主語的特征、性格、水平等。Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 斯密斯先生討厭魚而且從來不吃。Mary speaks both English and French very well. 瑪麗英語和法語都說的

4、很好。4 表示安排或計(jì)劃好的肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。The plane takes off at 10：00 a.m. 飛機(jī)上午10點(diǎn)起飛。Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。5 在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我們將不得不推遲會(huì)議。I cant leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否則我不能走。When you see her, just tell her that I am

5、 all right. 你見到她告訴她我很好。Notes： if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中能夠用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你能接受我的邀請(qǐng)來參加我我們的聚會(huì)，我的家人會(huì)很高興的。II. Present continuous tense1 表示說話時(shí)正在實(shí)行的動(dòng)作。what are you doing?I am writing a letter.Its raining heavily now, so we mus

6、t stay inside.2 表示現(xiàn)階段一直在實(shí)行的動(dòng)作。Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 簡(jiǎn)在學(xué)習(xí)法律而她的姐姐在學(xué)習(xí)物理。He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他正在一邊教英語一邊學(xué)中文。3 表示按計(jì)劃近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. 我今晚要去見王先生。I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year. 我計(jì)劃今年去青島過暑假。The plane i

7、s leaving for London soon. 飛機(jī)即將飛往倫敦。4 與always often 等頻度副詞連用表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或某種感情色彩。The girl is always talking loud in public. 那個(gè)女孩總愛當(dāng)眾大聲喧嘩。She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back. 她經(jīng)常借錢卻忘記還。She is constantly complaining about her fate. 她不停地抱怨自己的命運(yùn)不好。Notes: 以下四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。A 表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞 L

8、ike, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, needB 表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend onC 表示瞬間動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞 allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, completeD 表示感官的動(dòng)詞 see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, lookIII. The present perfect tense1 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生

9、的經(jīng)歷He has hosted the show eight times. 他已經(jīng)連續(xù)八次主持表演。Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows. 貝利克克里斯托已經(jīng)出演過多部電影和電視劇。We have been to the Great Wall many times. 我們已去過長(zhǎng)城多次。2 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍留下某種后果和影響。He has paid his income tax. 他已經(jīng)交了個(gè)人所得稅。Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot liv

10、e longer! 醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常大笑的人長(zhǎng)壽。3 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去但持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。My mother has been ill for three days. 我媽媽已經(jīng)生病3天。Most of us have studied English for 5 years. 我們大部分人已經(jīng)學(xué)了5年英語了。4 下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is (has been) +一段時(shí)間 since +從句 This (that/ It ) is the first (second) time that + 完成時(shí) This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most

11、 interesting.+that+完成時(shí)Its/ It has been 3 years since they got married. 他們結(jié)婚已有3年了。Its the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. 這是我第一次到長(zhǎng)城。This is the most interesting film that I have seen. 這是我看過的最有趣的電影。Notes: 在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)。If you have done the experiment, youll understand the t

12、heory better. 如果你做完試驗(yàn)，你會(huì)更好地理解這個(gè)理論的。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 車停穩(wěn)之前，別忙著下車。Notes: 注意區(qū)分一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1) 時(shí)間上有差異：凡有具體的過去時(shí)間，均用過去時(shí)態(tài)，不能用完成上，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。(2) 結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。IV. The present perfect continuous tens

13、e 表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years. 中國(guó)造紙的歷史已有2000多年了。She has been working in Shenzhen since 1995. 她從1995年就來深圳工作了。Doctors have been researching that question for many years. 多年來，醫(yī)生們一直在研究這個(gè)問題。The children have bee watching TV all mornin

14、g. 孩子們一上午一直在看電視。She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 她等她的老板等了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)。Step 3: Practice1 Read the article in Part A on page 9 and fill in the blanks with the correct tenses. Then I will ask you to report your answers to the class. You also should give the reasons why you use different

15、tenses in the article.Answers1. am 2 have been writing 3 am looking 4 is 5 have been imagining 6 is 7 is making 8 has been planning 9 have designed 10 are printing 11 are going 12 is 13 hope 14 opens2 Now do Part B individually. Pay attention to the time marker in each sentence if there is one. The

16、time marker in the sentence is the key that will help you use the suitable tense. 1 I am performing at the comedy Club tonight.2 I have been practicing my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours.3 My family is coming to watch my show.4 I am nervous about the show.Step 4: Consolidation

17、exercises1. Multiple choice 1 How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long. （2004北京春） A. has been B had been C was D will be2 I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. （2004北京春） A. wouldnt expect B havent expected C hadnt expected D wasnt expecting3 Although he has lived with us for

18、years, he _ us much impression. (2004上海春) A hadnt left B didnt leave C doesnt leave D hasnt left4 Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to. Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it! （2003全國(guó)） A do B didnt C did D dont5 All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nerv

19、ousness_.（2003全國(guó)） A has grown B is growing C grew D had grown6 Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. （2003全國(guó)） A be stayed B stay C be staying D have stayed7 _ David and Vicky _ married? (2003北京) For about three years. A How long were; being B How long have; got C

20、 How long have; been D How long did; get8 Come and see me whenever_. (2003北京) A you are convenient B you will be convenient C it is convenient to you D it will be convenient to you9 When will you come to see me, Dad? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. (2003北京) A will have finished

21、B will finish C are finishing D finish10 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. (2003北京春) A are not decided B have not been decided C has been completed D had been completed11 I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002全國(guó)) A hasnt written B doesnt wri

22、te C wont write D hadnt write12 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. （2002上海） A will graduate B will have graduated C graduates D is to graduate13 Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation? It _. （2004上海） A all depend B all depends C is a

23、ll depended D is all depending14 John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (2002北京春) A had been; have seen B have been; have seen C had been; had seen D have been; had seen15 How are the team playing

24、? Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt. (2002北京春) A got B gets C are being cut D had been cut16 Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春) A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut17 It _ long before we _ the result of t

25、he experiment. (2002上海春) A will not be; will know B is; will know C will not be; know D is; know18 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. （2001全國(guó)） A is changing B has changed C will have changed D will change19 I _ ping-pong quite will, but I haven

26、t had time to play since the new year. （2001全國(guó)） A will play B have played C played D play20 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. （2001上海） A have survive B are to survive C would survive D will survive2. Translation1 火車將在上午9：00點(diǎn)鐘開。_.2 那個(gè)小孩總是愛惹麻煩。_.3 別相信他。他經(jīng)常撒謊_.4 我做完家庭作

27、業(yè)就去你家。_.5 你在逛街的時(shí)候別忘了交通規(guī)則。_.Answers:1-5 ACDDC6-10 BCCDD 11-15 ACBDA 16-20 CCADB1. The train starts at nine in the morning.2 That boy is always making trouble.3 Dont believe him. He is always telling lies.4 Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.5 When you are going around the street, do

28、nt forget the traffic rules.1. Exercise.I單選題：1 -Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. -I _ it right here, but now its gone. A did you put; have put B have you; put C had you put; have put D were you putting; have put2 No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building. A been given B give

29、n C to give D be giving3 When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except for a few words of each. A spoke; had forgotten B spoke; have forgotten C had spoken had forgotten D had been broken into; stolen4 The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A will rain B rains C rained

30、 D is raining5 -Have you moved into the new house? -Not yet, the rooms _. A are being painted B are painting C are painted D are being painting6 We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A was happening B to happen C has happened D having happened7 -Do you know our tow

31、n at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A was B have been C came D am coming8 My dictionary _. I have looked for it everywhere but still _ it. A has lost; dont find B is missing; dont find C has lost; havent found D is missing; havent found9 - I am sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all.

32、 I _ here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be10 I need one more stamp before my collection _. A has completed B completes C has been completed D is completed11 I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A hasnt written B doesnt write C wont write D

33、 hadnt written12 Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories_. A have been taken place, have been set B have taken place, have been set up C have taken place, have set up D were taken place, were set up13 I promise that the matter will _. A be taken care B be taken care of C take care D take

34、 care of14 The surface of the table _ smooth enough. A hasnt felt B doesnt feel C isnt feeling D isnt feel15 He never let himself _. A being cheated B to be cheated C cheating D be cheatedII. 用所給動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式填充。1.-How long_ David and Vicky _ _(marry)?-For about three years.2.Come a

35、nd see me whenever it _(be) convenient to you.3. The water will be further polluted unless some measures _ _(take).4.-Are you still busy? -Yes, I _just _(finish) my work, and it wont take long. 5.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ (graduate)from the university next year.6.

36、Because the shop_ _(close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. 7. Every possible means _ _ _(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.8.-Whats that terrible noise? -The neighbors _ _(prepare) for a party. 9. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003, so they_ _

37、 _(live) there for 3 years. 10.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ _(persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables. 11. You _ always_(watch) television. Why not do something more active?12. The crazy fans _ _ _(wait) patiently for two hours and they will wait till

38、 the movie star arrives. 13. Dont stop your car here. Look at the sign which _(read) “No Parking!”14. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.15. The surface of the table _ _(not feel) smooth enough.III.用所給動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式翻譯下列各句 ：1. There _ _ _(來了輛汽車)! Hurry up.2. It is