《社會學概論》平時作業(yè)(一)參考答案（The general introduction to Sociologyrefer to the answer）

1、社會學概論平時作業(yè)(一)參考答案（The general introduction to Sociology (1) refer to the answer）Data worth havingFrom the usual accumulation of learning summaryWhere theres a problem, there must bePlease criticize and correct it!Introduction to sociology assignments (a).Chapter one introduction1. What is sociology?

2、(P14)Sociology is changing from the social system of wholeIt is a comprehensive social science to study the structure, function, law of occurrence and development of society through the social relations and social behaviors of people2. Group study (P13 14)The so-called group learningIt is borrowed f

3、rom Xunzi, an ancient Chinese thinkerHuman being can be gregariousSo Yan Fu thoughtGroup study is the education of the massesSave to the peril of ChinaIt is a study of manSo Yan Fu et al to western sociology called QunxueIn 3, China first explain the sociology of Kang YouweiYan Fus translation of Sp

4、encers sociology is the study of sociology(P13)4 and October 1838Conde, a French positivist philosopher, put forward the term sociology in his fourth volume of practical philosophy(P10)5, sociology according to its knowledge structureCan be divided into the theory of sociology, sociology and sociolo

5、gy experience three categories(P16)What is 6, the historical background of society? (P1011)First half of nineteenth CenturyIt was the rising period of capitalismIt is also a period of exposure to all kinds of malpracticesDevelopment of productive forcesAccordingly to the rapid change of the whole so

6、cietyMany social contradictions, class contradictions, social differentiation and social problems arising from the development of capitalismHas aroused peoples constant thinkingThere is an urgent need for a comprehensive social science to answer these questionsThis is the historical background of So

7、ciology7. How does Marx define society? (P3)(1) society is the product of human communicationIts the sum of all social relationships;(2), the difference between people in social animal society is characterized by labor;(3), the human society is a natural product of long-term developmentThe human soc

8、iety is a special field there is a major difference with nature8. What are the basic features of Sociology? (P14 16)(1), the sociology of social system as a whole;(2) sociological research starts with the relationship between people and social behavior in life;(3), a comprehensive sociological resea

9、rch methods on;(4) sociology studies the whole society and its internal and external relations in the process of movement and change;(5), sociology attaches great importance to social investigation9, the relationship between sociology and historical materialism(P24)The relationship between sociology

10、 and historical materialism is the relationship between the general social science and Philosophy(1), historical materialism is the philosophical basis of Social ResearchOf society is a scientific world outlook and methodology;(2), sociology and historical materialism is differentHistorical material

11、ism is a philosophy of historyA category belonging to PhilosophySocial science is a specific social science;(3) the results of scientific research in SociologyIt is one of the sources of historical materialismThe second chapter: the social needs of human beings1. What is social need? (P29 30)The nee

12、ds of the society is that people in certain situationsThe sense of scarcity of objective thingsSocial psychological reactions required to be satisfied2, instinct (P32)So called instinctIs congenital fixed behavior tendency and behavior patterns3, Maslow is the founder of American humanistic psycholo

13、gy schoolIn his mobilize the enthusiasm of the peoples theory of a book for the first time put forward the hierarchical theory of needsAs one of the main theory of behavioral science theory of motivation(P42)4, the social needs of human beings are under the combination of humans own physiological, p

14、sychological conditions and external environmental conditionsProduced through social practice(P30)5, first put forward the instinct is humans intrinsic ability theory is a British psychologist McDougallIn 1908(P32)6. A brief account of Maslows hierarchy of needs(P42 43)(1) Maslow put forward the the

15、ory of hierarchy of needs for the first time in his book the theory of mobilizing peoples enthusiasm published in 1943By 1954In his book motivation and personality, the author further expounds the theoretical and personality issuesAs one of the main theory of behavioral science theory of motivation(

16、2) Maslows theory of motivation emphasizes two points: (1) the human needs seldom reach the state of complete satisfaction; (2) a desire meets the other quickly and replaces its position(3), Maslows hierarchy of needs the needs of the people is divided into five grades: 1. physiological needs2. safe

17、ty needs3. belongingness and the need for love4. the need for self esteem5. the need for self actualization7, the status of social needs in social life(P33 35)(1) social need is the motive force of human behaviorIt is the active motive source of peoples activity;(2), the needs of society is the foun

18、dation of peoples social relations;(3), labor, social practice and the combination ofExist side by side and play a part togetherPromoting the development of production and societyWhat is the 8, Marxs theory of need? (P37 39)(1), need is human nature; (2), human and animalThere are differences and co

19、nnections between human nature and animal nature; (3) survival, enjoyment and development are three stages of human beings historical development9, the social need theory of sociology meaning is what? (P47)(1) the theory of needs of Marxs doctrine points out that the social needs of human beings are

20、 the fundamental motive force of the historical development of human societyMaslows theory of hierarchy of needs illustrates the social needs of human beings as the motive source of peoples social activities;(2) provides, we construct the sociological theories of the solid foundation of social theor

21、y;(3) the highest level of needCombining the fine tradition of Chinese cultureYou get better understandingThe third chapter social intercourse1. What is social interaction? (P54)Social interaction refers to the interaction and interaction between individuals and individuals, individuals and groups,

22、groups and groups in order to meet certain needs2. How to explain mirror self? (see study guide P63)3, the interpersonal relationship (see study guide book P64)4, social relations (see study guide book P64)5. American social psychologist Meade divides human self-consciousness into three stages: imit

23、ation stage and playful stage,Group game phase(P55 56)6, the conflict most notable feature is its destructionUsually include the loss of life and property destruction(P62)7, the interpersonal relationship has two distinct features: direct communication and emotion(P67)8. A brief account of Marxs the

24、ory of communication(see study guide P72)9. What are the factors that affect the interpersonal relationship? (see study guide P73)10. What are the causes of collective behavior? (P82 83)The relation and difference between 11, social relations and interpersonal relations(see study guide P66)The fourt

25、h chapter is the socialization of human beings1. What kind of socialization? (P89)Socialization of man means that one is born from birthFrom a biological uninformed individualsThrough continuous learning knowledge, skills and social normsTraining and improving social needsDevelop your own personalit

26、y and socialityIntegrate yourself into the communityThe basic process in order to make the society develop and continue2. Environment (P89)3. What is internalization? (see study guide P75)4. The Piaget school divides the development of childrens thinking into four stages: the perception movement sta

27、ge and the pre operation stage,Concrete operation stage and formal operation stage(P103)5, peoples living environment includes natural environment and social environment(P89)6, people are the basis of socialized biology, including the conditions for people to have mental work, people have a longer d

28、ependence on life, people have strong learning ability and people have the ability to speak language(P92 96)7. Briefly describe the basic content of socialization(P99 103)8. What is personality? What are the basic characteristics of personality? (P112 113)Personality refers to a person in his physic

29、al basisUnder certain social and historical conditionsThrough the formation of social practice ideas, attitudes and habits of psychological characteristics.Personality is the sum of the individual psychological characteristics of stabilityThe basic feature of personality is stabilityIntroduction to

30、sociology assignments (two).The fifth chapter, primary social group and family1. what is a social group? (P118)Social group refers to the community which is formed by mutual communication and connected by some kind of relationship2. what is family? (P127)Family is based on marriage and blood relatio

31、nship, members of the close cooperation and common living groupsFamily is the cell of societyIt is the basic unit of peoples social life3. what are primary social groups? (P120)Primary social group is formed by face-to-face communicationA social group of specific intimate membersIt is the basic unit

32、 of social lifeThe 4. primary social groups reflects the people most simple and preliminary social relationsIt is the basic unit of social life(P120)5. the development of human family has gone through four stages: consanguineous family, F Bernard Lou A family, dual family and monogamy family(P127 12

33、8)6. what are the general characteristics of social groups? (P119 120)The meaning and function of the 7. primary social group(1) Han Yi (P120)(2) function (P124 125)What is the social function of the 8. family? (P132 133)9. briefly describe the characteristics of Chinese traditional marriage and fam

34、ily and the progress of our marriage and family system after the founding of new China(see study guide P93)The sixth chapter is social organization and bureaucratic system1. what is a social organization? (P143)Social organization refers to the execution of certain social functionsAccomplish specifi

35、c social goalsA group of people in a planned way2. what is the organizational structure? (P148)Social structure refers to the relationship between the various components of the organization.Refers to a social organization which is composed of partsThe relationship between the position of the whole o

36、rganization and their3. what is the organizational environment? (P152)Social organization environment refers to the sum of social phenomena related to the existence, operation and change of the social organizationIt includes social organizations, economic and political conditions, social policies, s

37、ocial customs and so on4. the constituent elements of social organizations include members, fixed goals, normative articles, authoritative leadership system and necessary material base(p147148)5.20世紀初產(chǎn)生的古典管理理論其代表是 泰羅的科學管理理論 、 法約爾的管理理論 和韋伯的科層制理論 三種理論(p167)6.管理學家麥格雷戈從人性的角度對以往的管理模式進行分析提出了 x理論 和y理論 兩種假設(shè)

38、(p169)7.簡述社會組織的特點有哪些? (p145146)8.韋伯的科層制特點及功能分析(參見學習指導書p107108)9.簡述社會組織與環(huán)境的關(guān)系(參見學習指導書p99)第七章 社 區(qū)1.什么是城市化? (p198)城市化是指人口向城市聚焦城市數(shù)量不斷增加城市規(guī)模不斷擴大的過程一般地說城市化是指農(nóng)村人口改變其居住地從農(nóng)村遷入城市的過程2.什么是社區(qū)? (p178)社區(qū)是聚居大一定的地域內(nèi)的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的人群形成的生活共同體即地域性社會生活共同體3.什么是過度城市化? (p207)過度城市化是指農(nóng)村人口大量涌入城市而城市難以吸收流入城市的人口超過城市發(fā)展需求的現(xiàn)象4.社區(qū)這一概念最先是由德國社

39、會學家 滕尼斯 于1887年提出來的(p177)5. 血緣關(guān)系 和 地緣關(guān)系 是農(nóng)村社區(qū)占支配地位的社會關(guān)系(p186)6.解放后我國城市發(fā)展的特點是: 城市人口的增加以自然增長為主 、 城市發(fā)展受政治影響大 、 城市發(fā)展不平衡(p204)7.What constitutes the basic element of a community? (P178 179)What are the basic features of the 8. urban community? (P195 196)9. this way to realize the integration of urban and

40、rural areas are there? (P209)The eighth chapter, class and stratum1. what is social differentiation? (P213)Social differentiation is generated between individuals or groups in society.The distinction that has been recognized by societyThe main works and differentiation is the differentiation of soci

41、al economic field2. what is social stratification? (P220)Social stratification refers to the process of social differentiationBecause society is an organizational systemBecause of the structure of the system is formed under differentThere are certain levels of connection and relationshipSocial strat

42、ification is one of the most important forms of social differentiation3. what is social class? (P226)The so-called classThere are some groups like thisBecause they are different in certain social and economic structure in placeOne group holds another group of labor4. the social stratification theory

43、 generally has three kinds: one is the function of interpretationTwo is the theory of needThree is the theory of genius(P221)5. the relationship between social differentiation and social division of labor(see alsoLearning guide P1276. on the class theory of Marx doctrine(see study guide P127 128)Int

44、roduction to sociology assignments (three).The ninth chapter social system1. What is social system? (P244)2, what is institutionalized priority phenomenon? (P261)3, the social system has four aspectsThe concept of system, rule system, organization system and equipment system(P250)4. Briefly describe

45、 the basic characteristics of social system(P244 246)5. What are the functions of the social system? (P255)6. Briefly describe the basic requirements of social system construction(P260)7. Analysis of Chinas economic system reform(P262 265)(1) the reform of our economic systemIt is the reform of spec

46、ific system under the premise of socialist system; it is the process of self perfection on the basis of new contradiction in the construction of socialist system(2) Chinas economic reform began after the 1978 party in the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central CommitteeIs the establishment an

47、d promotion of the household contract responsibility system and the development of township enterprises to start from rural areas in China(3) the economic system reform of our country has got great achievements in more than 20 yearsIt has started from solving the problem of adequate food and clothin

48、g to a well-off society(4) Chinas economic reform is to establish and perfect the socialist market economic systemIs to make the market macro-control in the socialist countries to play a fundamental role in the allocation of resourcesThe requirement of economic activities to follow the law of valueA

49、dapt to the change of supply and demandAt present, China has initially established a socialist market economic system ChineseAnd it is constantly improving and developingThe tenth chapter, social control1. Social control (P267 268)2. Deviant behavior (P283)3. Social control, as a major concept of so

50、ciology, was first published by American sociologist Ross in 1901Put forward in the book social control(P266)4, from the sociology of social structure, social culture and social changes to explain the occurrence of deviant behaviorThe main social anomie theory, theory and label sub cultural groups o

51、n three kinds of theory(P286 289)5. Briefly describe the classification of social control(P268 270)6. What are the functions of social control? (P270 272)7, the social control mode of the meaning and specific means(P273 282)8. Briefly describe the determination of deviant behavior(P284)9. The charac

52、teristics of crime in our country at present stage(P290)The eleventh chapter, social problems1. Social problems (P294)2. Population problem (P299)3. Employment problem (P307)4, after the emergence of human societyThe relationship between the human and the natural environment has experienced three st

53、ages: dependence and adaptation betweenPredatory relationshipThey are the ancient agricultural society and industrial society, human and environment relationship(P296)The essence of 5, the population problem is population reproduction and the reproduction of material information does not adapt(P300)

54、6. The main ways to solve the current population problems in China include controlling population quantity and improving population quality,Develop economy energetically(P304 306)7. Briefly describe the general causes of social problems(P295 to 297 or learning guide book P161)8, the social problems

55、and social development(P298 299)9. Briefly describe the current situation of population problems in China(P301 302)10, the Chinese population effects on social and economic development(P303 304)11. What is unemployment? What are the two forms of unemployment? What is the cause of unemployment? (P309 310)12. Briefly describe the impact