校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

1、&g 4 堆rTECHNOLOGY院AND金華職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)JINHUA COLLEGE OF PROFESSION噪聲控制技術(shù) 實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告專業(yè)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)與減排技術(shù)班級(jí)環(huán)保123組號(hào)五組組長(zhǎng)馮侃成員金政博婁一元成績(jī)2014年 6 月 27日實(shí)驗(yàn)一校園噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?、訓(xùn)練學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)任務(wù)的能力；2、使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)熟練聲級(jí)計(jì)的使用方法；3、訓(xùn)練對(duì)非穩(wěn)態(tài)的無(wú)規(guī)則噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的處理方法，對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果的分析和評(píng)價(jià) 能力。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)：1、確定環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)方案；2、對(duì)環(huán)境噪聲進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)；3、數(shù)據(jù)處理，以合理的方式表示監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果；4、寫出環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)訓(xùn)報(bào)告，并對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)價(jià)。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)：金華

2、職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院四、實(shí)驗(yàn)組織：將整班學(xué)生分為 17組，每組 3 個(gè)人，一個(gè)組長(zhǎng)。學(xué)生在指導(dǎo)老師的帶領(lǐng)下進(jìn)行具體操作。五、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容和過(guò)程：1、制訂噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)方案(1)將學(xué)校(或某一地區(qū))劃分 25&5m的網(wǎng)格，測(cè)量點(diǎn)選在每個(gè)網(wǎng)格的 中心，若中心點(diǎn)的位置不宜測(cè)量，可移到旁邊能夠測(cè)量的位置。( 2)每組 3 人配置一臺(tái)聲級(jí)計(jì)，順序到各網(wǎng)點(diǎn)測(cè)量。( 3)讀數(shù)方式用慢檔， 每隔 5 秒讀一個(gè)瞬時(shí) A 聲級(jí)，連續(xù)讀取 200 個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)。 讀數(shù)同時(shí)要判斷和記錄附近主要噪聲來(lái)源(如交通噪聲、施工噪聲、 工廠或車間 噪聲、鍋爐噪聲)和天氣條件。2、數(shù)據(jù)處理 環(huán)境噪聲是隨時(shí)間而起伏的無(wú)規(guī)律噪聲，因此測(cè)量結(jié)果一般用統(tǒng)計(jì)值或

3、等 效聲級(jí)來(lái)表示，本實(shí)驗(yàn)用等效聲級(jí)表示。（1）將各網(wǎng)點(diǎn)每一次的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)（ 200 個(gè)）順序排列找出 L10、L50、L90， 求出等效聲級(jí)Leq，再將該網(wǎng)點(diǎn)一整天的各次Leq值求出算術(shù)平均值，作為該網(wǎng) 點(diǎn)的環(huán)境噪聲評(píng)價(jià)量。（2）以 5dB 為一等級(jí)，用不同顏色或陰影線繪制學(xué)校（或某一地區(qū)）噪 聲污染圖。71 號(hào)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)66.563.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.5

4、53.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.3

5、56.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.2

6、58.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=62.4,L50=50.0,L90=58.173 號(hào)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)65.363.563.258.569.352.362.363.869.269.159.965.562.368.469.367.161.262.565.563.564.268.269.265.360.263.165.264.165.269.465.468.364.262.163.265.263.562.363.263.269.368.568.264.565.262.365.364.268.36

7、7.665.463.264.568.567.262.363.563.265.364.562.363.564.968.368.364.365.563.364.568.762.362.362.365.667.262.368.263.365.262.565.268.467.565.365.360.360.365.368.469.365.365.565.468.567.565.060.365.362.364.362.368.369.368.562.363.065.564.262.362.565.368.564.265.468.468.462.863.869.862.864.562.562.569.36

8、4.562.862.968.364.562.565.862.862.660.365.268.568.262.365.260.568.564.269.562.562.568.568.362.562.365.868.668.565.562.562.362.562.568.164.568.269.269.269.362.362.368.364.268.462.369.569.563.268.368.262.363.268.264.263.568.558.565.363.568.563.565.565.963.565.563.565.563.663.662.463.863.269.663.362.56

9、3.568.668.363.263.365.260.263.562.363.564.263.565.562.368.469.367.161.262.565.563.563.268.269.265.360.263.165.264.165.269.466.368.364.262.163.265.263.562.363.263.269.368.568.264.565.262.365.364.268.367.665.463.264.568.567.262.363.563.265.364.562.363.564.968.368.364.365.563.364.568.762.362.362.365.66

10、7.262.368.263.365.262.565.268.467.565.365.360.360.365.368.469.365.365.565.468.567.565.060.365.362.364.362.368.369.368.562.363.065.564.262.362.565.368.564.265.468.468.462.863.869.862.864.562.562.569.364.562.862.968.364.562.565.862.862.660.365.268.568.262.365.260.568.564.269.562.562.568.568.362.562.36

11、5.868.668.565.562.562.362.562.568.164.568.269.269.269.362.362.368.364.268.462.369.569.563.268.368.262.363.268.264.263.568.558.565.363.568.563.565.565.963.565.563.563.263.865.364.368.268.369.363.264.568.3由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=64.4,L50=65.8,L90=58.775 號(hào)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)65.363.563.258.569.352.362.363.869.269.159.965.562.368

12、.469.367.161.262.565.563.564.268.269.265.360.263.165.264.165.269.465.468.364.262.163.265.263.562.363.263.269.368.568.264.565.262.365.364.268.367.665.463.264.568.567.262.363.563.265.364.562.363.564.968.368.364.365.563.364.568.762.362.362.365.667.262.368.263.365.262.565.268.467.565.365.360.360.365.368

13、.469.365.365.565.468.567.565.060.365.362.364.362.368.369.368.562.363.065.564.262.362.565.368.564.265.468.468.462.863.869.862.864.562.562.569.364.562.862.968.364.562.565.862.862.660.365.268.568.262.365.260.568.564.269.562.562.568.568.362.562.365.868.668.565.562.562.362.562.568.164.568.269.269.269.362

14、.362.368.364.268.462.369.569.563.268.368.262.363.268.264.263.568.558.565.363.568.563.565.565.963.565.563.565.563.663.662.463.863.269.663.362.563.566.563.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151

15、.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355

16、.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255

17、.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=48.4,L50=47.5,L90=50.177 號(hào)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)68.265.364.252.353.254.668.363.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.

18、554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.

19、153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.866.563.157.

20、454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.

21、354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.

22、354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=63.8,L50=56.0,L90=56.479 號(hào)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)60.563.365.354.263.268.363.564.266.263.566.553.453.954.855.860.858.4

23、60.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.4

24、55.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.6

25、58.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.253.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.866.563.157.454.178.472.668.366.356.362.458.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.7

26、49.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.754.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.6

27、58.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.053.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.860.358.2

28、53.252.658.558.252.658.654.555.8由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=64.0,L50=48.7,L90=60.180 號(hào)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)55.250.253.354.150.352.353.354.256.352.353.353.453.954.855.860.858.460.159.559.153.952.651.851.658.156.054.751.851.250.365.151.956.855.052.553.254.156.151.250.050.849.749.250.258.154.255.856.259.153.253.354.554.554.355.558.75

29、4.951.250.368.765.256.256.356.054.652.653.659.856.352.454.654.253.658.456.454.859.456.354.255.052.356.354.251.354.958.659.356.556.455.556.356.455.557.656.554.258.759.056.859.353.658.655.956.357.851.255.356.050.354.356.258.254.355.456.055.958.658.259.958.254.656.251.857.658.453.859.054.153.256.352.05

30、3.556.354.251.658.252.654.359.358.659.352.354.657.859.354.654.654.654.652.354.859.354.354.857.658.454.652.858.354.654.858.358.454.658.656.854.658.056.452.059.352.654.555.256.354.569.359.354.358.458.558.556.352.058.258.352.655.255.355.855.350.354.353.250.553.652.653.353.254.2由表中數(shù)據(jù)可知： L10=51.2,L50=48.

31、3,L90=47.8找出 L10、L50、L90,求出等效聲級(jí)Leq71727374757677787980L1062.456.364.460.048.464.463.861.664.651.2L5050.058.265.854.247.555.856.053.148.748.3L9058.155.058.755.150.158.756.458.860.147.8Leq50.358.266.354.647.556.356.953.249.048.5Leq=L50+(L10-L90F2/605 r3、對(duì)校園噪聲進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)價(jià)校園噪聲主要是車輛開(kāi)過(guò)的聲音六、實(shí)施體會(huì)在記錄時(shí)由于數(shù)字變化較快，不能很精

32、準(zhǔn)的記錄，導(dǎo)致實(shí)驗(yàn)記錄有所誤差實(shí)驗(yàn)二噪聲源頻譜測(cè)定、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、了解學(xué)生噪聲源的主要來(lái)源；2、使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)熟練頻譜儀的使用方法;3、了解不同噪聲的頻譜特征；4、掌握繪制頻譜圖的方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理除音叉等之外，各種聲源發(fā)出的聲音很少是單一頻率的純音，大多是由許多不同強(qiáng)度，不同頻率的聲音復(fù)合而成，統(tǒng)稱復(fù)音。在復(fù)音中，不同頻率（或頻段）的成分的聲波具有不同的能量，這種頻率成分與能量分布的關(guān)系稱為聲的頻譜。 由于一般噪聲的頻率分布寬闊，在實(shí)際的頻譜分析中，不需要也不可能對(duì)每個(gè)頻 率成分進(jìn)行具體分析。為了方便，人們把2020000Hz的聲頻范圍分為幾個(gè)段落，劃分的每一個(gè)具有一定頻率范圍的段落稱做頻帶或頻程

33、。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，當(dāng)聲音的聲壓級(jí)不變而頻率提高一倍時(shí)，聽(tīng)起來(lái)音調(diào)也提高一倍（音樂(lè)上稱提高八度音程）;為此，將聲頻范圍劃分為這樣的頻帶：使每一頻帶的上限頻率比下限頻率 高一倍，即頻率之比為2,這樣劃分的每一個(gè)頻程稱1倍頻程，簡(jiǎn)稱倍頻程。為 了簡(jiǎn)明，每個(gè)倍頻程用其中心頻率，fc來(lái)表示：fcfd fufu和fd，分別為該頻程的上限和下限頻率。描述一個(gè)復(fù)音中，各頻率成分 與能量分布關(guān)系的圖形稱為頻譜圖。通常是先測(cè)定出該噪聲的各頻率成分與相應(yīng) 的聲壓級(jí)或聲功率級(jí)，然后以頻率為橫坐標(biāo)，以聲壓級(jí)（聲功率級(jí)）為縱坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行 繪圖。目前大部分聲級(jí)計(jì)都具有頻譜分析的功能，能夠把監(jiān)測(cè)值傳送到計(jì)算機(jī)上并繪制出頻譜圖。使用噪聲

34、測(cè)量虛擬儀器聲級(jí)計(jì)聯(lián)機(jī)繪制的頻譜圖如圖1.3所示。頻譜圖的橫坐標(biāo)顯示倍頻程的中心頻率：63，125, 250, 500，1000, 2000,4000，8000Hz縱坐標(biāo)顯示外部環(huán)境的聲級(jí) dB。/圖1頻譜儀三、測(cè)量方法將班級(jí)分組，每3人一組。一個(gè)組長(zhǎng)。學(xué)生在指導(dǎo)老師的帶領(lǐng)下進(jìn)行具體 操作。要求組內(nèi)每位同學(xué)選擇 2中不同類型的噪聲源進(jìn)行測(cè)定。打開(kāi)儀器電源，進(jìn)入測(cè)量子菜單，用調(diào)節(jié)光標(biāo)， 按下“啟動(dòng)/暫?！辨I， 是菜單中跳動(dòng)的“run ”停止閃爍，開(kāi)始測(cè)量。移動(dòng)光標(biāo)到 31.5Hz，再接下去是 63 Hz,125Hz,250Hz,500Hz,1000 Hz,2000Hz,4000Hz,8000 H

35、z。由于濾波要有一定的穩(wěn)定時(shí)間，所以每個(gè)中心頻率點(diǎn)要有8s左右的停留時(shí)間，所有中心頻率點(diǎn)測(cè)量完成后，按“打印”鍵，然后回按，記錄數(shù)據(jù)，剩下幾個(gè)噪聲 源重復(fù)同樣操作。四、數(shù)據(jù)處理1、記錄數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)不同的噪聲源，記錄數(shù)據(jù)。各噪聲源頻率與育壓級(jí)嗥始數(shù)據(jù)記錄表嚴(yán) 砂SI. GHZ125HZ25OHZLK2K4KSK鳳直 皀S3S. 366. 9曲。63.460. Li4.fi4S.6建工頭譏 莖地的迂462. 351. 382. 4100.2怎S8S, 861.融1豈工老怖58.939- 139. 736. 462.056.054.041.344. 9我n的笑54. 156, 052. 161. 9SL

36、683.8陀270, S詆9步直72. 762. 966. 1B2. 670. 774.855.0E4.768.6敲打蘆67. 063. 469. S77. 980.7S.678.672.576.0各噪聲源頻率與聲壓級(jí)關(guān)系折線圖吉逹工實(shí)訓(xùn)基地巧逮弐蘆31.5HZ 63HZ 125H2250FZ500HZ IK 2K 4K 8K建丁老吒i七詳吉我們的笑聲五、實(shí)施體會(huì)由于選擇的噪聲源的環(huán)境存在著其他的噪聲，沒(méi)有完全處于靜音狀 態(tài)，所以所測(cè)的數(shù)據(jù)只是大概的，同時(shí)由于選擇噪聲源的好壞也影響 著這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的準(zhǔn)確性。實(shí)驗(yàn)三吸聲材料吸聲系數(shù)測(cè)定一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?、了解人耳聽(tīng)覺(jué)得頻率范圍，獲得對(duì)一些頻率純音得感性

37、認(rèn)識(shí)。2、加深對(duì)垂直入射吸聲系數(shù)得理解，熟悉駐波管法是測(cè)定材料的吸聲系數(shù) 的方法。3、吸聲材料吸聲系數(shù)大小。二、測(cè)定原理在駐極管中形成駐波，測(cè)出波腹波節(jié)聲壓，計(jì)算吸聲系數(shù)aO。駐波比n，聲壓反射系數(shù)r，吸聲系數(shù)aOo2圖1實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置圖駐波管為一金屬(塑料)直管，它的一端可以用夾具安裝試件，另一端接好揚(yáng)聲器，聲頻訊號(hào)由聲頻發(fā)生器產(chǎn)生，經(jīng)放大器進(jìn)行放大，由揚(yáng)聲器發(fā)出單頻聲 波，聲波在駐波管內(nèi)傳播，由于管徑較小，與音頻聲波的波長(zhǎng)相比，可近似將聲 波面看作為平面入射波，沿管內(nèi)直線傳播；當(dāng)入射到試件后，進(jìn)行反射，由于反 射波與入射波傳遞的方向和相位相反，聲壓產(chǎn)生疊加，干涉而形成駐波，并在管內(nèi)某個(gè)位置上形成聲