主語從句詳解

1、主語從句詳解、概述在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句根據(jù)它們在句中的語法作用，這類從句又可分為主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和賓語從句二、主語從句主要有四類（1）由連詞that引導的主語從句：引導詞that無含義/在句中不做成分/不可以省例如： That you will win the medal seems un likely.That you are so in differe nt bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2）用連詞 whether引導的主語從句：whether有含義（是否在句中不做成分/

2、不可以省. 注意：引導主語從句，不能用if,只能用whether.例如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not does ner t6o tmuah.（3）用連接代詞引導的主語從句在由連接代詞 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 引導 的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔當一定成分.例如： What you

3、n eed is more practice. What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注: whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義.它引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等.whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who. 要注意禾口 whatever, whoever 弓丨導的讓步狀語 從句的區(qū)別.Whoever breaks the law should be puni shed.（

4、主語從句）（=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）Whoever breaks the law, he should be puni shed.（讓步狀語從句）（=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）（4） 用連接副詞when, where, why, how引導名詞性從句（其連接副詞有含義，在句中作狀語.） 例女口 :Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn t been made p

5、ubic.三、注意點：it構成的主語從句（1）由連詞that引導的主語從句，在多數(shù)情況下放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式主語.例如： That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lin es.Whe n the pla ne is to take off has not bee n announced .=It has not bee n announ ced whe n the pla ne is to take off.（但當

6、what引導的主語從句表示“的東西”時，一般不用it作形式主語.）錯:lt is a book what he wan ts.對:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主語代替主語從句時，要注意和as引導的定語從句的區(qū)別.試 比較：It was reported that the US was un der the terrorist attack.As was reported, the US was un der the terrorist attack.（2）常見用it作形式主語的復合句結構A. It is +名詞+從句It is a fact t

7、hat 事實是It is good news that是好消息It is a questi on that是個問題It is com mon knowledge that是常識類似的名詞還有： a pity; a wonder; a good thing ; no wonder; surprise 等.例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happe ned.It is com mon kno wledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the g

8、ame.It s a pity that you missed the film.B. It is +形容詞+從句It is n ecessary that有必要It is clear that 很清楚It is likely that 很可能It is important that重要的是類似的形容詞還有：Stran ge; n atural; obvious; true; good; won derful; possible; un likely; quite;unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting;

9、astonishing, etc.例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really ast onishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we cannot go on like this.It is necessary that you （ should） master the computer.It is importa nt

10、that a stude nt lear n En glish well.It is likely that a hurrica ne will arrive soon.需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很多為（should） +動詞原形”，即要用虛擬語氣.C. It is +過去分詞+從句It is said that 據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報道It has bee n proved that 已證明It must be pro ved that 必須指出 類似的過去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; believed; though

11、t; hoped; no ted; discussed;required;decided; suggested; dema nded; made clear; found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not bee n made clear

12、whe n the new road is to be ope ned to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.D. It seems (happened / appears / doesn matter/makes no differenee / occurred ) that It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does not matter

13、 if I missed my train.It happe ned that I saw him yesterday.主從練習1. as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A. The estimateB. The estimatedC. They are estimated D. It is estimated that2. some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A. Which B. Since C. Although D. How3. we have

14、achieved is attributed to the guida nce of our pare nts.A. Whoever B. Whatever C. However D. That4. wealthy does not n ecessarily mean that a man is greedy.A. For the reas on that he is B. Just because he isC. The reas on of beingD. That he is5. Althoughhappe ned in this developed country sounds lik

15、e scie nce fiction,it could occurelsewhere in the world.A. whichB. what C. howD. it6. she had forgotte n to take her no tebook.A. That occurred to herB. She occurred thatC. To her that occurredD. It occurred to her that7. I am sure thatshe said is wrong.A. which B. all C. this D. what8. We lost our

16、way in the forest, andmade matters worse was that it was gett ing dark.A. that B. which C. itD. What9. or not is still un certa in.A. He somingB. If he is comingC. That comingD. Whether he coming10.lt he be able to come.A. doubt whether B. doubtful C. doubt it D. doubtful whether11. he is at work in

17、 the heart of the big city or at home in the quietsuburb, Dick lsife is tied to mach in es.A. Whether B. TillC. IfD. Un less12. he saw both surprised and frighte ned him.A. That B. When C. What D. Which13. is warm sunshine.A. What do we all need. B. What all we needC. What we n eedD. What we all n e

18、ed14. is a pity that he should feel so upset.A. What B. ThatC. He D. It15. a spo onful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A. RemarkableB. Quite remarkablyC. It is remarkable that D. It is remarkable fact that16. you nomin ate will be elected.A. WhoB. WhomC.

19、 Whomever D.That s17. book you borrow must be retur ned with in a week.A. WhatB. WhichC. Whichever D. That s18. of us gets home first starts cook ing.A. Who B. WhichC. Whichever D. An yo ne1. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bither hair was t

20、urning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for3. Whe n and why he came hereyet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not known4. is no reas on for dismiss ing her.A. Because she was a few minu tes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minu tes lateD. Being a

21、few minutes late5. Tom liked to eat was differe nt from.A. That that you had expected B. Whatthat you had expectedC. That what you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected6. we go swim ming every dayus a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.ItBob drives badly.A. thinks that B. i

22、s thought what C. thought that D. is thought that8.1 ts un certa inthe experime nt is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9. the boy did nt take medici ne made his mother an gry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10. we cant get seems better tha nwe have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that

23、D. That, what11. you dont like him is none of my bus in ess.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12.well go camp ing tomorrow depe nds on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13. is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14. well finish tran slat i

24、ng the book depe nds on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15. he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meet ing.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17. you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18.

25、 makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. An ybody19. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20. Who is this factorysome foreig n friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one21.Is this factoryyou visited the other

26、 day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one22.leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. An yo ne B. The person C. Whoever D.Who表語從句1、概述用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后.引導表語從句的詞有從屬連詞 that、whether、as though（if）;關系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等； 關系畐U詞

27、when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 等. 可以接表語從句的連系動詞由be, look, remain, seem等.That引導表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略.The trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺 .That is why stone walls are used in stead of fences around New En gla nd fields. 這就是為什么在新 英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因.At that time, it seemed as

28、 if I could nt think of the right word an yhow.當時，我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當?shù)淖盅蹃?2、 由從屬連詞that, whether引導的表語從句.that在引導表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、是否”這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞,如 question（問題）,trouble（麻煩）,problem（問題）,result（結果）,chanee（可能性）, suggestion（建議）,idea（想法）,reason（理由）等.表語從句對主句主語進行說明、解釋 ，使主語的 內(nèi)容具體化.The trouble is （that） she

29、 has lost his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢 .The questi on is whether we n eed more ice cream .問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋.The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了.What she couldn t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in herdssons. 我們不能理解越來越少的學生對他的課不感興趣3、 由關系代詞引導的表語從句.

30、關系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等引導表 語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關系代詞不能省略.The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應該去.The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作.Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔心的事 .Thats what we should do.那是我們應該做的.4、 由關系副詞引導的表語從句.Go

31、and get your coat. Its where you left it.去把雨衣拿來.就在你原來放的地方.I had n either a rain coat noran umbrella. That s why I 我們既沒傘也沒雨衣 ,這是我們淋濕的原因.That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. 那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的.That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔心的.5、由連詞 because, as if/as though等引導的表語從句.It looked a

32、s if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了 .Thats because we never thought of it.這是因為我們從未想過此事.It seems as if he didn t know the a好像他不知道答案 .可以接表語從句的系動詞有：1: be （ being,been,am,is,are,was,were）2: feel , seem , look, appear ,so und,taste , smell3: sta nd , lie , rema in ,keep, stay4: become ,get , grow , turn

33、,go ,come, run,fall5: prove, turn out系動詞的固定搭配：come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild連接詞：that / whether /as if /asthough （if不引導表語從句）連接代詞： who / whom / whose / which/ what連接副詞： whe n / where / why / how /because注：引導表語從句的連詞 that間或可以省略.The truth is （ that） I did nt go there.事實是我沒

34、去那兒 .考題 1 The traditional view iswe sleep because our brain is“programmed to make us do so.A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案D解析 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句，如果看不出它是充當整個句子結構的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思因此，應選擇可引導名詞性從句且不充當任何成分的that.考題 2 You are say ing that every one should be equal, and this isI disagree.A. why B. wh

35、ere C. what D. how答案B解析下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語（“disagree屬于不及物動詞，“I disagree本身是完整的主謂結構）,下劃線應填入引導詞where,表語從句 where I disagree的意思是我不同意之處、我不同意的地方”.考題 3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is thatyou had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where答案A解析下劃線處的引導詞引導與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從

36、句中充當原因狀語，下劃線應填入表示因此”（指因某種原因所造成的結果）的引導詞 why.考題 4 she couldn t understand wasfewer and fewer students showedin terest i n her less ons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that答案A解析第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當賓語，特指她所不理解的事情，應填入關系代詞型的引導詞what ;第二個下劃線處表示因此”（指因某種原因所造成的后果，由why引導對應的名詞性從句）而不是 為什

37、么”指原因、理由，由because引導對應的名詞性從句）,應填入引導詞 why.考題 5made the school proud wasmore than 90% of the students hadbee n admitted to key uni versities.A. What; because B. What; thatC. That; what D. That; because答案B解析第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當主語，特指令校方驕傲的事情，應選用關系代詞型的引導詞what ;第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、理由，應由that引導對應的名詞性從句.

38、s game?考題 6 Are you still thinking about yesterdayOh, that s.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. whe n I feel excited答案A解析A選項的意思是 令我感覺激動的事物 ”；B選項的意思是 我覺得激 動的任何事物”；C選項的意思是 我對它感覺的方式 ”；D選項的意思是 令我感覺 激動的時間” 四個選項中 A最適合跟代表 “game的主語that對應，充當表語從句.表語從句與賓語從句的

39、關系不屬于的賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同.故充當賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當表語的句子叫表語從句賓語從句（1）對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點 語序：從句的語序必須是陳述句語序，即 主語+謂語”這種形式. 時態(tài)：當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候，從句可以是任何時態(tài)，而當主句是一般過去時的時候，從句，從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài)，即（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時）. 連接詞：當從句意思完整，主句意思肯定時，連接詞用that,且可以省去，當從句意思完整，主句意思不確定或含否定含意時，常用if或whether（是否）,當從句意思不完整時，連接詞則是代

40、替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞表語從句在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動詞的后面.表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同也是名詞性從句的一種.女口：What the police want to know is whe n you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么時候進的房間 .The The trouble is that we are short of fun ds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金This This is what we should do這是我們應當做的That ” s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作

41、的原因His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個問題是史密斯先生到了沒有 .注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序.as as if, as though, becau 也可用來引導表語從句She She seems as if she had done a great thi ng她看起來好像做了一件大事It It is because you eat too much那是因為你吃得太多了表從練習1. The questi on iswe will have our sports meet n ext

42、 week.A. thatB. ifC. whe nD. whether2. The reason why he failed ishe was too careless.A. because B. thatC. forD. because of3. Go and get your coat. It syou left itA. whereB. thereC. there where D. where there4. The problem isto take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can getC. who we can ge

43、tD. that we can get5. What I want to know ishe likes the gift give n by us.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD.不填6. The reas on isI missed the bus.A. thatB. whe nC. whyD. what7. That iswe were late last time.A. thatB. whe nC. whyD. what8. She lookedshe were ten years youn ger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9

44、. I fell sick!-I think it isyou are doing too much.A. whyB. whe nC. whatD. because10. The reason why he hasn t come is.s being illA. because his mother is illB. because of his motherC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill1.11. He was born here.-That ishe likes the place so much.A. thatB. w

45、hatC. whyD. how12.That isLu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. Whyyour father wants to know isgett ing on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That; how you areC. How ; that you areD. What; how you are2. The trouble iswe are short of tools.A. whatB. thatC. howD. why that3. America waswas fi

46、rst calledIndia ” by Columbus.A. what B. whereC. the place D. there where4. China is beco ming stro nger and stron ger. It is no longer.A. what it used to beB. what it was used to beingC. what it used to beingD. what it was used to be5. he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What thatB. ThatwhatC

47、. What whatD. Thatwhat6. The en ergy ismakes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. Such1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is thatyou had a few days off ?A. whyB .whatC. whe nD. where2. I had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella I got wet through.A. It s the reason

48、 That s whC. There s whyD. It s how3. See the flags on top of the buildi ng? That waswe did this morning.A. whe nB. whichC. whereD. what4. - Are you still thinking about yesterday s game?-Oh, that s.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. whe n I feel e

49、xcited5. What surprised me was not what he said buthe said it.A. the way B. in the way thatC. i n the way D. the way which1. The question iswe will have our sports meet next week.A. thatB. ifC. whe nD. whether2. The reason why he failed ishe was too careless.A. becauseB. thatC. forD. because of3. Go

50、 and get your coat. It syou left itA. whereB. thereC. there where D. where there4. The problem isto take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can getC. who we can getD. that we can get5. What I want to know ishe likes the gift give n by us.A. that B. ifC. whetherD.不填6. The reas on isI missed

51、the bus.A. thatB. whe nC. whyD. what7. That iswe were late last time.A. thatB. whe nC. whyD. what8. She lookedshe were ten years youn ger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9. I fell sick!-I th ink it isA. whyB. whe n10. The reas on why he has n A. because his mother is ill C. that his mother is ill1

52、1. He was born here.you are doing too much.C. whatD. becauset come is .B. because of his motherD. for his mother is ills being ill-That ishe likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how12. That isLu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. why13. your father wants to know isgetting on with your

53、 studies.A. What; how are youB. That; how you areC. How ; that you areD. What; how you are14. The trouble iswe are short of tools.A. whatB. thatC. howD. why that15. America waswas first calledIndia ” by Columbus.A. what B. whereC. the place D. there where16. China is beco ming stron ger and stro nge

54、r.It is no longer.A. what it used to beB. what it was used to beingC. what it used to beingD. what it was used to be17. he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What thatB. ThatwhatC. What whatD. Thatwhat18. The en ergy ismakes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such19 I dr

55、ove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is thatyou had a few days off ?A. whyB .whatC. whe nD. where20had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella I got wet through.A. It s the reason That s whC. There s whyD. It s how21. See the flags on top of the build ing? That waswe did this morning.A. whe nB. whichC. whereD. what22. - Are you still thinking about yesterday s game?-Oh, that s.A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. whe n I fe