車(chē)間低壓配電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

1、前言電能是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要?jiǎng)恿δ茉?，工廠(chǎng)供電設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)是從電力系統(tǒng)取得電源，經(jīng)過(guò)合理的傳輸、變換、分配到工廠(chǎng)車(chē)間中每一個(gè)用電設(shè)備上，隨著工業(yè)電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的發(fā)展，工廠(chǎng)用電量快速增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)電能質(zhì)量、供電可靠性以及技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)等的要求也日益提高，供電設(shè)計(jì)是否完善，不僅影響工廠(chǎng)的基本建設(shè)投資、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用和有色金屬消耗量，而且也反映到工廠(chǎng)的可靠性和工廠(chǎng)的安全生產(chǎn)上，它與企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、設(shè)備和人身安全等是密切相關(guān)的?，F(xiàn)在除個(gè)別大型工業(yè)聯(lián)合企業(yè)有自備電廠(chǎng)外，絕大多數(shù)工廠(chǎng)都是從國(guó)家電力系統(tǒng)取得電能的，因此，工廠(chǎng)工業(yè)負(fù)荷是電力系統(tǒng)的主要用戶(hù)，工廠(chǎng)供電系統(tǒng)也是電力系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)組成部分，保證安全供電和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行，不僅關(guān)系到

2、企業(yè)的利益，也關(guān)系到電力系統(tǒng)的安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行以及合理利用能源。工廠(chǎng)供電設(shè)計(jì)必須遵循國(guó)家的各項(xiàng)方針政策，設(shè)計(jì)方案必須符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的有關(guān)規(guī)定，同時(shí)必須滿(mǎn)足以下幾項(xiàng)基本要求：1、安全在電能的供應(yīng)、分配和使用中，不應(yīng)發(fā)生人身事故和設(shè)備事故。2、可靠應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足能用戶(hù)對(duì)供電可靠性的要求。3、優(yōu)質(zhì)應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足電能用戶(hù)對(duì)電壓和頻率等質(zhì)量的要求。4、經(jīng)濟(jì)供電系統(tǒng)的投資要少，運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低，并盡可能工節(jié)約電能和減少有色金屬消耗量。此外，在供電工作中，應(yīng)合理地處理局和全局、當(dāng)前和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)等關(guān)系，既要照顧局部和當(dāng)前和利益，又要有全局觀點(diǎn)，能顧全大局，適應(yīng)發(fā)展。本說(shuō)明書(shū)為某機(jī)械制造廠(chǎng)電修低配系統(tǒng)及車(chē)間變電所設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明，該車(chē)間的主變壓器容

3、量為630kva，各電壓等級(jí)分別為10kv和0.4kv，車(chē)間的負(fù)荷均屬三類(lèi)負(fù)荷，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)的要求，本設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容包括：車(chē)間的負(fù)荷計(jì)算及無(wú)功補(bǔ)償，確定車(chē)間變電所的所址和型式，車(chē)間變電所的主緯線(xiàn)方案，短路電流計(jì)算，主要用電設(shè)備選擇和校驗(yàn)，車(chē)間變電所整定繼電保護(hù)和防雷保護(hù)及接地裝置的設(shè)計(jì)等。由于本人初步設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)資料欠周全，電氣設(shè)備的參數(shù)一般引用現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品，個(gè)別參數(shù)在指導(dǎo)老師指導(dǎo)下，選用較新數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算所用方法依照工廠(chǎng)供電設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)規(guī)定進(jìn)行計(jì)算的，在保證可靠性的前提下，經(jīng)計(jì)算和校驗(yàn)，本人水平有限和不完善之處，錯(cuò)漏難免，請(qǐng)指導(dǎo)老師指正，本人不勝感激。prefaceelectrical energy i

4、s the main motivate part of the industrial production. factories supply power design duty to obtain power source from the electrical power system, pass through the reasonable transmission, transformation, and assigns to the factory workshop in on each current collector. along with the industry elect

5、ricity automation technology development, factories with the electric quantity rapid growth, to the electrical energy quality, the power supply reliability as well as the technology economic indicator and so on the request also day by day enhances .the power supply designs whether consummates, not o

6、nly affects the factory the capital investment, the operating cost and the non-ferrous metal consumption, moreover also reflected to the factory power supply reliability and in the factory safety in production ,it and enterprises economic efficiency ,the equipment and so on is the close correlation

7、.now has besides the individual major industry integrated enterprise supplies for oneself the power plant, the majority factory all is obtains the electrical energy from the country electrical power system. therefore, the factory industry load is the electrical power system main user, the factory po

8、wer supply system also is an electrical power system constituent, guarantees the safe power supply and the economical movement, not only relates the enterprise the benefit, also relates the electrical power system the security and the economical movement as well as the reasonable use energy .the fac

9、tory power supply design must follow nation each general and specific policies, the design proposal must conform to in the nation standard related stipulation ,simultaneously must satisfy following several basic requests:1、securities-in the electrical energy supply ,assignment and should not have th

10、e accident causing personal injury and the equipment accident .2、reliable-should satisfy the electrical energy user to the power supply reliable request . 3、high qualityshould satisfy the electrical energy user to quality the and so on voltage and frequency request .4、economies-power supply system i

11、nvestment must be few, low operating cost ,and saves the electrical energy and the reduced non-ferrous metal consumption as far as possible .in addition, in the power supply work, should reasonably process the bureau and the overall situation, current and is long term and so on the relations, both m

12、ust consider partial and the current benefit, and must have the total view, can take the entire situation into account, adaptation development. this instruction booklet repairs a vehicle the low electrical power distribution systems for some mechanical factory electricity and the workshop transforme

13、r substation design explanation. this workshop main transformer capacity is 630kva,various voltages rank respectively is 10kv and 0.4kv, the workshop load is three kinds of loads. according to designs the project description the request, this design main content includes: the workshop load computati

14、on and the idle work compensate; definite workshop transformer substation institute site and pattern; workshop transformer substation host electric coil plan; short-circuit current computation; mainly current collector choice and verification; workshop transformer substation setup ups and anti-radar

15、 protection and grounding design and so on .this is my preliminary design, plus all my design data and sources may incomplete, therefore, i instructed by my professors to help me to select some innovative/ newer material, such as the electrical equipment parameter general quotation existing product,

16、 the individual parameter. the computation methods are according to “factory power supply design instruction” to stipulate carries on the computation. after those verification and computation from those resources, it can be guarantee to be ore reliable. it is appreciate and grateful that if you (pro

17、fessor) can point out my mistakes, errors, omissions or misunderstand concepts, based on this is my beginner level of energy design that may not be exactly the perfect concept. 目錄1、車(chē)間的負(fù)荷計(jì)算及無(wú)功補(bǔ)償2、確定車(chē)間變電所的所址和型式3、確定車(chē)間變電所主變壓器型式，容量和臺(tái)數(shù)及主結(jié)線(xiàn)方案（要求從兩個(gè)比較合理的方案中優(yōu)選）4、短路計(jì)算，并選擇一次設(shè)備（盡量列表）5、選擇車(chē)間變電所高低進(jìn)出線(xiàn)截面（包括母線(xiàn)）6、選擇電源

18、進(jìn)線(xiàn)的二次回路及整定繼電保護(hù)7、車(chē)間變電所的防雷保護(hù)及接地裝置的設(shè)計(jì)8、確定車(chē)間低壓配電系統(tǒng)布線(xiàn)方案9、選擇低壓配電系統(tǒng)的導(dǎo)線(xiàn)及控制保護(hù)設(shè)備10、設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)11、車(chē)間變電所主結(jié)線(xiàn)電路圖12、車(chē)間變電所平、剖面圖13、車(chē)間低壓配電系統(tǒng)和平面布線(xiàn)圖14、結(jié)論設(shè)計(jì)題目及設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)基礎(chǔ)資料一、 設(shè)計(jì)題目：某機(jī)修廠(chǎng)機(jī)械加工車(chē)間低壓配電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)二、 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)：（見(jiàn)附件）三、 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容1、 車(chē)間的負(fù)荷計(jì)算及無(wú)功補(bǔ)償1.1機(jī)二車(chē)間設(shè)備明細(xì)統(tǒng)計(jì)表設(shè)備代號(hào)設(shè)備名稱(chēng)臺(tái)數(shù)單臺(tái)容量（kw）功率因數(shù)cos效率1220v插座110.80.82220v插座10.60.750.753220v插座10.60.750.754車(chē)床11

19、.70.80.85車(chē)床13.660.80.86車(chē)床11.740.80.87車(chē)床15.2250.80.88銑床13.1250.80.89銑床12.9250.80.810銑床11.6250.80.811銑床11.70.80.812車(chē)床13.660.80.813車(chē)床12.20.80.814車(chē)床15.2250.80.815銑床13.1250.80.816銑床12.3250.80.817銑床19.130.850.8518插齒機(jī)14.6250.850.8519車(chē)床14.6250.850.8520車(chē)床14.6250.850.8521車(chē)床14.6250.850.8522車(chē)床14.6250.850.8523車(chē)床

20、14.6250.850.8524車(chē)床14.6250.850.8525車(chē)床14.6250.850.8526工具磨床11.6250.80.827工具磨床11.6250.80.828小沖床11.50.80.829小沖床11.50.80.830磨床11.50.80.831磨床14.6250.850.8532沖床14.6250.850.8533鉆床14.6250.850.8534鉆床14.6250.750.7535鉆床14.6250.750.7536鉆床14.6250.750.7537磨床14.6250.750.7538鉆床14.6250.750.7539鉆床11.6250.80.840鉆床11.625

21、0.80.841鉆床11.50.80.842鉆床11.50.80.843鉆床11.50.80.844鉆床14.6250.80.845鉆床130.80.846變壓器120.80.947變壓器120.80.948變壓器120.80.949變壓器120.80.91.2 工具、機(jī)修車(chē)間設(shè)備負(fù)荷計(jì)算表設(shè)備代號(hào)車(chē)間名稱(chēng)供電回路代號(hào)設(shè)備容量（kw）計(jì)算負(fù)荷p30/kwq30/kvarq30/kvai30/a1工具車(chē)間no.14714.10 16.50 21.70 32.98 no.25616.80 19.70 25.89 39.34 no.34212.60 14.70 19.36 29.42 no.4351

22、0.50 12.30 16.17 24.57 2機(jī)修車(chē)間no.515037.50 43.90 57.74 87.72 1.3 裝機(jī)容量、計(jì)算負(fù)荷、無(wú)功負(fù)荷、視在負(fù)荷的計(jì)算機(jī)修廠(chǎng)擬設(shè)8個(gè)供電主干線(xiàn)，分別為1號(hào)干線(xiàn)冷加工機(jī)床，2號(hào)干線(xiàn)金屬加工機(jī)床，3號(hào)干線(xiàn)插座、220v變壓器，4號(hào)干線(xiàn)工具間1號(hào)，5號(hào)干線(xiàn)工具間2號(hào)，6號(hào)干線(xiàn)工具間3號(hào)，7號(hào)干線(xiàn)工具間4號(hào)，8號(hào)干線(xiàn)檢修車(chē)間。各干線(xiàn)設(shè)備裝機(jī)容量、計(jì)算負(fù)荷與無(wú)功功率等統(tǒng)計(jì)如下表：表1-3 負(fù)荷計(jì)算單元設(shè)備編號(hào)名稱(chēng)額定容量功率因數(shù)效率備注（kw）1號(hào)干線(xiàn)4車(chē)床1.70.80.85車(chē)床3.660.80.86車(chē)床1.740.80.87銑床5.2250.80.

23、88銑床3.1250.80.89銑床2.9250.80.810銑床1.6250.80.811車(chē)床1.70.80.812車(chē)床3.660.80.813車(chē)床2.20.80.814銑床5.2250.80.815銑床3.1250.80.816銑床2.3250.80.817插齒機(jī)9.130.850.851號(hào)干線(xiàn)裝機(jī)容量pe47.37kw1號(hào)干線(xiàn)5臺(tái)最大設(shè)備容量pm26.90kw1號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算負(fù)荷 p300.14pe + 0.5pm20.08kw1號(hào)干線(xiàn)無(wú)功計(jì)算負(fù)荷 q30p30tgp30tg(arccos0.8)15.06 kvar1號(hào)干線(xiàn)視在計(jì)算負(fù)荷 s30(p302+ q302)25.10kva1號(hào)干線(xiàn)

24、計(jì)算電流 i30s30/(3un)47.67a2號(hào)干線(xiàn)18車(chē)床4.6250.850.8519車(chē)床4.6250.850.8520車(chē)床4.6250.850.8521車(chē)床4.6250.850.8522車(chē)床4.6250.850.8523車(chē)床4.6250.850.8524車(chē)床4.6250.850.8525車(chē)床4.6250.850.8526工具磨床1.6250.80.827工具磨床1.6250.80.828小沖床1.50.80.829小沖床1.50.80.82號(hào)干線(xiàn)30小沖床1.50.80.831磨床4.6250.850.8532磨床30.850.8533沖床1.50.850.8534鉆床0.60.750

25、.7535鉆床0.60.750.7536鉆床0.60.750.7537鉆床0.60.750.7538磨床2.250.750.7539鉆床1.6250.80.840鉆床1.6250.80.841鉆床1.6250.80.842鉆床1.6250.80.843鉆床1.6250.80.844鉆床1.6250.80.845鉆床1.6250.80.82號(hào)干線(xiàn)裝機(jī)容量pe69.90kw2號(hào)干線(xiàn)5臺(tái)最大設(shè)備容量pm6.98kw2號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算負(fù)荷 p300.14pe + 0.5pm21.35kw2號(hào)干線(xiàn)無(wú)功計(jì)算負(fù)荷 q30p30tgp30tg(arccos0.8)15.06 kvar2號(hào)干線(xiàn)視在計(jì)算負(fù)荷 s30(p

26、302+ q302)26.69kva2號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算電流 i30s30/(3un)50.68a3號(hào)干線(xiàn)1220v插座10.80.82220v插座0.60.750.753220v插座0.60.750.7546220v變壓器20.80.947220v變壓器20.80.948220v變壓器20.80.949220v變壓器20.80.93號(hào)干線(xiàn)裝機(jī)容量pe10.20kw3號(hào)干線(xiàn)5臺(tái)最大設(shè)備容量pm7.85kw3號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算負(fù)荷 p300.14pe + 0.5pm5.93kw3號(hào)干線(xiàn)無(wú)功計(jì)算負(fù)荷 q30p30tgp30tg(arccos0.8)4.45 kvar3號(hào)干線(xiàn)視在計(jì)算負(fù)荷 s30(p302+ q30

27、2)7.41kva3號(hào)干線(xiàn)c相（略大于a、b相）計(jì)算電流 i30s30/(3un)25.25a4號(hào)干線(xiàn)1#回路工具車(chē)間474號(hào)干線(xiàn)裝機(jī)容量pe47kw4號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算負(fù)荷 p3014.1kw4號(hào)干線(xiàn)無(wú)功計(jì)算負(fù)荷 q3016.5 kvar4號(hào)干線(xiàn)視在計(jì)算負(fù)荷 s30(p302+ q302)21.70kva4號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算電流 i30s30/(3un)41.22a5號(hào)干線(xiàn)2#回路工具車(chē)間565號(hào)干線(xiàn)裝機(jī)容量pe56kw5號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算負(fù)荷 p3016.8kw5號(hào)干線(xiàn)無(wú)功計(jì)算負(fù)荷 q3019.7 kvar5號(hào)干線(xiàn)視在計(jì)算負(fù)荷 s30(p302+ q302)25.89kva5號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算電流 i30s30/(3un

28、)49.17a6號(hào)干線(xiàn)3#回路工具車(chē)間426號(hào)干線(xiàn)裝機(jī)容量pe42kw6號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算負(fù)荷 p3012.6kw6號(hào)干線(xiàn)無(wú)功計(jì)算負(fù)荷 q3014.7 kvar6號(hào)干線(xiàn)視在計(jì)算負(fù)荷 s30(p302+ q302)19.310kva6號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算電流 i30s30/(3un)36.77a7號(hào)干線(xiàn)4#回路工具車(chē)間357號(hào)干線(xiàn)裝機(jī)容量pe35kw7號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算負(fù)荷 p3010.5kw7號(hào)干線(xiàn)無(wú)功計(jì)算負(fù)荷 q3012.3 kvar7號(hào)干線(xiàn)視在計(jì)算負(fù)荷 s30(p302+ q302)16.17kva7號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算電流 i30s30/(3un )30.71a8號(hào)干線(xiàn)機(jī)修車(chē)間1508號(hào)干線(xiàn)裝機(jī)容量pe150kw8號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)

29、算負(fù)荷 p3037.5kw8號(hào)干線(xiàn)無(wú)功計(jì)算負(fù)荷 q3043.9 kvar8號(hào)干線(xiàn)視在計(jì)算負(fù)荷 s30(p302+ q302)57.74kva8號(hào)干線(xiàn)計(jì)算電流 i30s30/(3un)109.65a2、 確定車(chē)間變電所的所址和形式選擇變電所位置就根據(jù)下列要求進(jìn)行技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)比較后確定：1、 接近負(fù)荷中心，進(jìn)出線(xiàn)方便。2、 接近電源側(cè)。3、 設(shè)備運(yùn)輸方便。4、 不應(yīng)設(shè)在劇烈振動(dòng)或高溫，應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離多塵有腐蝕氣體的場(chǎng)所。5、 應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離易燃、爆的場(chǎng)所。本車(chē)間變電所供電負(fù)荷的性質(zhì)為三級(jí)負(fù)荷，年最大有功負(fù)荷利用小時(shí)數(shù)為4500小時(shí)。本車(chē)間變電所從本廠(chǎng)35/10kv總降壓變電所用電纜線(xiàn)路引進(jìn)10kv電源，電纜線(xiàn)路長(zhǎng)度

30、為200m。車(chē)間變電所設(shè)在機(jī)二車(chē)間東北角，為機(jī)二車(chē)間、工具車(chē)間、機(jī)修車(chē)間供電。設(shè)高壓配電室、變壓器室、低壓配電室。補(bǔ)償后的功率因素要求不得低于0.9。短路容量工廠(chǎng)總降壓變電所10kv母線(xiàn)上的短路容量為200mva。 保護(hù)整定 工廠(chǎng)總降壓變電所10kv配電出線(xiàn)定時(shí)限過(guò)流保護(hù)裝置的整定時(shí)間iop=1.5s。3、車(chē)間變電所無(wú)功補(bǔ)償，主變型式、容量和臺(tái)數(shù)及主結(jié)線(xiàn)選擇方案根據(jù)本車(chē)間負(fù)荷性質(zhì)屬三級(jí)負(fù)荷，車(chē)間變電所設(shè)置一臺(tái)變壓器。正常工作時(shí)，由車(chē)間變電所變壓器供給本車(chē)間用電設(shè)備，備用電源可由其他車(chē)間變電所提供。根據(jù)表1-3負(fù)荷計(jì)算的數(shù)據(jù)，無(wú)功補(bǔ)償與變壓器容量選擇如下表所示：表3-1 無(wú)功補(bǔ)償與變壓器容量選擇

31、設(shè)備編號(hào)設(shè)備名稱(chēng)裝機(jī)容量p功率因數(shù)計(jì)算負(fù)荷p30無(wú)功負(fù)荷q30視在負(fù)荷s30計(jì)算電流備注（kw）（kw）（kvar）kvaa1號(hào)干線(xiàn)冷加工機(jī)床47.37 0.820.08 15.06 25.10 38.14 2號(hào)干線(xiàn)金屬加工機(jī)床69.90 0.821.35 16.01 26.69 40.54 3號(hào)干線(xiàn)插座、變壓器10.20 0.85.93 4.45 7.41 11.26 4號(hào)干線(xiàn)工具間1號(hào)47.00 0.814.10 16.50 21.70 32.98 5號(hào)干線(xiàn)工具間2號(hào)56.00 0.816.80 19.70 25.89 39.34 6號(hào)干線(xiàn)工具間3號(hào)42.00 0.812.60 14.70

32、 19.36 29.42 7號(hào)干線(xiàn)工具間4號(hào)35.00 0.810.50 12.30 16.17 24.57 8號(hào)干線(xiàn)檢修車(chē)間150.00 0.837.50 43.90 57.74 87.72 各車(chē)間總裝機(jī)容量p457.47kw各車(chē)間總計(jì)算負(fù)荷p30138.86kw各車(chē)間總無(wú)功計(jì)算負(fù)荷q30142.62 kvar各車(chē)間總視在計(jì)算負(fù)荷s30200.01kva補(bǔ)償前的功率因數(shù)p30/s300.7電容器容量計(jì)算 qc=pjs(tg1-tg2)138.86(tgarccos0.7tgarccos0.9)89.51 kvar選擇型號(hào)bkmj0.4-15-3并聯(lián)電容器6只（在圖中如何體現(xiàn)？已乘以6）補(bǔ)償后

33、無(wú)功功率q3090142.62-90=52.62 kvar補(bǔ)償后視在功率sjs=(138.86)2+(52.62)2=148.49kva變壓器容量選擇(kva) 200kva主結(jié)線(xiàn)方案選擇：變電所主變壓器的選擇根據(jù)車(chē)間的性質(zhì)和電源情況，工廠(chǎng)變電所的主變壓器可列兩種方案：方案一和方案二都裝設(shè)一臺(tái)主變器，采用油浸式變壓器s9，而容量根據(jù)sn.ts30=148.49kva,即選一臺(tái)s9200/10型低損耗變壓器，由于車(chē)間所有的設(shè)備都屬于三級(jí)負(fù)荷，所以一臺(tái)主變即可。變壓器容量為200kva，額定電壓10kv，聯(lián)結(jié)組別y，yn0，阻抗電壓為4.5%，空載損耗為0.55kw，短路損耗為3.7kw，變壓器帶

34、外殼。變壓器外殼內(nèi)高壓側(cè)考慮設(shè)置固定電纜用的支架；低壓側(cè)設(shè)置固定母線(xiàn)用的支柱絕緣子，并滿(mǎn)足短路時(shí)的動(dòng)熱穩(wěn)定的要求，同時(shí)考慮安裝零序ct的位置。低壓變壓器采用環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂澆鑄的干式變壓器（s-10型），變壓器安裝在0.4kv配電裝置的室內(nèi)，不設(shè)變壓器小間。變壓器工作環(huán)境的最高溫度按45考慮。變壓器采用低損耗銅芯變壓器，其在使用環(huán)境條件下能滿(mǎn)負(fù)荷長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行，并有一定的過(guò)負(fù)荷能力。變壓器符合gb、dl、iec最新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，特別是針對(duì)干式變壓器的iec726和iec551標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)噪聲測(cè)試的要求。干式變壓器正常運(yùn)行的冷卻方式為自然風(fēng)冷，并提供冷卻風(fēng)扇滿(mǎn)足強(qiáng)迫風(fēng)冷條件下150%的過(guò)負(fù)荷要求。變壓器裝設(shè)帶報(bào)警及跳

35、閘的溫控設(shè)施。變壓器外殼中帶有防潮加熱器。變壓器的絕緣等級(jí)為f級(jí)。低壓側(cè)中性點(diǎn)直接接地。本車(chē)間動(dòng)力照明均采用三相四線(xiàn)制，車(chē)間環(huán)境正常，用電設(shè)備屬于第三類(lèi)負(fù)荷，設(shè)備配置較穩(wěn)定，臺(tái)數(shù)不多，且容量也不大。綜合上述因素，采用動(dòng)力箱向各用電設(shè)備配電，低壓配電室到各動(dòng)力配電箱的連線(xiàn)見(jiàn)車(chē)間配電系統(tǒng)布線(xiàn)圖附圖x(是指哪一個(gè)圖？)。方案比較：比較項(xiàng)目方案一方案二技術(shù)指標(biāo)供電安全性滿(mǎn)足要求基本滿(mǎn)足要求供電可靠性基本滿(mǎn)足要求稍差一點(diǎn)供電質(zhì)量一臺(tái)主變，電壓損耗較大一樣靈活方便性采用高壓斷路器，停送電操作十分靈活方便采用負(fù)荷開(kāi)關(guān)，也可以帶負(fù)荷操作擴(kuò)建適應(yīng)性一般較差經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)電力變壓器的綜合投資額s9200單價(jià)7.47萬(wàn)元

36、，變壓器綜合投資約為單價(jià)的2倍，因此其綜合投資為27.4714.9萬(wàn)元一樣高壓開(kāi)關(guān)柜（含計(jì)量柜）的綜合投資額查表410得gg1a（f）型按每臺(tái)3.5萬(wàn)元計(jì)，而由表41查得其綜合投資按設(shè)備價(jià)1.5倍，因此其綜合投資為21.53.510.5萬(wàn)元一樣電力變壓器和高壓開(kāi)關(guān)柜的年運(yùn)行費(fèi)參照表42計(jì)算，主變各高壓開(kāi)關(guān)柜的折舊各維修管理費(fèi)每年為2.903萬(wàn)元（其余略）一樣交供電部門(mén)的一次性供電貼費(fèi)按800元/ kva,貼費(fèi)為6300.08萬(wàn)元50.4萬(wàn)元一樣從上表可以看出，按技術(shù)指標(biāo)，方案一和方案二都比較適用于三級(jí)負(fù)荷，但考慮發(fā)生短路時(shí)方案二只能熔斷器恢復(fù)供電的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的缺點(diǎn)，而且可靠性不高，而方案一采用高

37、壓斷路器，因此變電所的停、送電操作十分方便，同時(shí)高壓斷路器有斷電保護(hù)裝置，在變電所發(fā)生短路和過(guò)負(fù)荷時(shí)均能自動(dòng)跳閘，而且在短路故障和過(guò)負(fù)荷情況消除后，又可直接快速合閘，從而恢復(fù)供電的時(shí)間縮短，從經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)來(lái)看，方案二比方案一投資稍低，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的利益看，方案一比較好一些，因此決定采用方案一。 各配電干線(xiàn)、支線(xiàn)采用vv22型銅芯聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套內(nèi)鋼帶鎧裝電力電纜，配電干線(xiàn)沿電纜溝敷設(shè)，配電箱到用電設(shè)備的配電支線(xiàn)有條件時(shí)沿電纜溝敷設(shè)，否則采用穿鐵管沿地暗敷設(shè)。 動(dòng)力配電箱采用型號(hào)為xl(f)-14、15落地式防塵型動(dòng)力配電箱，動(dòng)力配電箱安裝高度是箱底離地面0.3米，箱底座用水泥、沙、磚堆砌作基礎(chǔ)

38、，并做好防小動(dòng)物措施。配電屏選擇型號(hào)為ggd2a固定低壓配電屏。ggd2的技術(shù)參數(shù)額定電壓（v）380額定電流a630b630c630額定短路開(kāi)斷電流（ka）35is額定短路時(shí)耐受電流（ka）35額定峰值耐受電流（ka）65外殼防護(hù)等級(jí)ip304、短路計(jì)算與一次設(shè)備選擇4.1配電系統(tǒng)短路計(jì)算電路圖（如下圖示）10kv母線(xiàn)sd(3)=200mva9300.4kv母線(xiàn)0.4kv低壓配電室電纜線(xiàn)路200米0.08歐/kmk2點(diǎn)本廠(chǎng)車(chē)間配變電所4.2計(jì)算低壓380kv母線(xiàn)上k2點(diǎn)的三相短路電流和短路容量計(jì)算短路電路中各無(wú)件的電抗。電力系統(tǒng)的等效電抗xl=uc2/sd=(0.4kv)2/200mva=8

39、10-4（電阻不計(jì)）電纜的電抗x0=0.08x2=x0l=0.08/km0.2km=0.016 等效電抗為：x2= x2（uc/ uc）2 =6.410-6（電纜等效電抗較小不計(jì)）電力變壓器的電抗： xtuk%uc2/100.sn=4.5(0.4kv)2/1000.2mva=0.036電力變壓器的電阻： rtpk (uc/sn) 2=3700(0.4/200) 2=0.0074（電阻較小不計(jì)）0.4kv母線(xiàn)k2點(diǎn)短路時(shí)，電抗為xk2=x1 +xt=810-4+7.410-3=8.210-3計(jì)算三相短路電流和短路容量三相短路電流周期分量有效值：ik2(3)=uc/3xk 20.4kv/38.21

40、0-328.16ka三相短路次暫態(tài)電流和穩(wěn)定電流：i(3)i(3)ik2(3)28.16ka三相短路沖擊電流及第一個(gè)短路全電流有效值。ish(3) 1.84i(3) 1.8428.16ka51.81 kaish(3) 1.09i(3) 1.0928.16ka30.70 ka三相短路容量：sk2(3)3ucik2(3)30.4kv28.16 ka19.51mva短路計(jì)算結(jié)果如下表： 表41短路計(jì)算點(diǎn)三相短路電流（ka）三相短路容量ik2(3)i(3)i（3)ish(3)ish(3)0.4kv側(cè)k2點(diǎn)28.1628.1628.1651.8130.7019.514.3一次設(shè)備的選擇根據(jù)車(chē)間動(dòng)力及照明

41、干線(xiàn)回路及車(chē)間負(fù)荷性質(zhì)為三級(jí)負(fù)荷，因此確定采用型號(hào)為ggd配電屏4面，編號(hào)p1p4。具體用途如下：p1-進(jìn)線(xiàn)、備用總柜，設(shè)兩臺(tái)框架式斷路器，一臺(tái)負(fù)責(zé)正常運(yùn)行時(shí)變壓器供電給本車(chē)間變電所pc配電柜。另一臺(tái)負(fù)責(zé)變壓器檢修或故障時(shí)由其他車(chē)間變電所引來(lái)的低壓備用電源供電給本車(chē)間用電設(shè)備。p2、p3車(chē)間配電出線(xiàn)屏，共設(shè)3個(gè)備用開(kāi)關(guān)。p2p3配備國(guó)產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)塑殼斷路器，分別為本車(chē)間、工具、機(jī)修車(chē)間動(dòng)力主干線(xiàn)7路及插座、變壓器、照明主干線(xiàn)1路供電，所有斷路器的分?jǐn)嗄芰笥?0ka。車(chē)間變電所動(dòng)力主干線(xiàn)的編號(hào)為12，48；插座、變壓器、照明主干線(xiàn)編號(hào)為3。p4-電容補(bǔ)償屏。車(chē)間結(jié)線(xiàn)方式詳見(jiàn)車(chē)間變電所配電系統(tǒng)主結(jié)線(xiàn)

42、圖（即系統(tǒng)配置接線(xiàn)圖）。（所對(duì)應(yīng)的哪一個(gè)圖）？ 動(dòng)力配電箱的選擇 表4-2 配電箱編號(hào)配電箱內(nèi)編號(hào)設(shè)備編號(hào)名稱(chēng)額定容量計(jì)算參數(shù)（安）熔斷器電流（安）電纜截面mm2電纜型號(hào)管徑（mm）備注i30iqd/aie.r（kw）1號(hào)干線(xiàn)014車(chē)床1.74.04 11.30 152.50 vv15025車(chē)床3.668.69 24.33 302.50 vv15036車(chē)床1.744.13 11.57 152.50 vv15047銑床5.22512.40 34.73 402.50 vv15058銑床3.1257.42 20.77 302.50 vv15069銑床2.9256.94 19.44 202.50 vv

43、150710銑床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50 vv150811車(chē)床1.74.04 11.30 152.50 vv150912車(chē)床3.668.69 24.33 302.50 vv151013車(chē)床2.25.22 14.62 152.50 vv151114銑床5.22512.40 34.73 402.50 vv151215銑床3.1257.42 20.77 302.50 vv151316銑床2.3255.52 15.45 202.50 vv151417插齒機(jī)9.1319.20 53.76 604.00 vv152號(hào)干線(xiàn)0118車(chē)床4.6259.73 27.23 302.50vv150

44、219車(chē)床4.6259.73 27.23 302.50vv150320車(chē)床4.6259.73 27.23 302.50vv150421車(chē)床4.6259.73 27.23 302.50vv150522車(chē)床4.6259.73 27.23 302.50vv150623車(chē)床4.6259.73 27.23 302.50vv150724車(chē)床4.6259.73 27.23 302.50vv150825車(chē)床4.6259.73 27.23 302.50vv150926工具磨床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50vv151027工具磨床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50vv151128小沖床1.

45、53.56 9.97 102.50vv151229小沖床1.53.56 9.97 102.50vv151330小沖床1.53.56 9.97 102.50vv151431磨床4.6259.73 27.23 302.50vv151532磨床36.31 17.66 202.50vv151633沖床1.53.15 8.83 102.50vv151734鉆床0.61.62 4.54 52.50vv151835鉆床0.61.62 4.54 52.50vv151936鉆床0.61.62 4.54 52.50vv152037鉆床0.61.62 4.54 52.50vv152138磨床2.256.08 17.

46、02 202.50vv152239鉆床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50vv152340鉆床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50vv152441鉆床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50vv152542鉆床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50vv152643鉆床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50vv152744鉆床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50vv152845鉆床1.6253.86 10.80 152.50vv153號(hào)干線(xiàn)011220v插座17.1019.89202.50vv150246變壓器212.6335.35404.00vv15032220v插座0.64.8513.58152.50vv15043220v插座0.64.8513.58152.50vv150547變壓器212.6335.35404.00vv150648變壓器212.6335.35404.00vv150749變壓器212.6335.35404.00vv15動(dòng)力配電箱參數(shù)選擇計(jì)算舉例1（以1號(hào)干線(xiàn)17#設(shè)備插齒機(jī)為例） (1)設(shè)備的計(jì)算負(fù)荷 17號(hào)設(shè)備容量pe9.13kw。則其計(jì)算電流為i30pe/(3uecos)9.13/(33800.850.85) 19.20a其起