小學(xué)英語時態(tài)總結(jié)

1、小學(xué)英語教案愛唯爾雙基小學(xué)pep英語四種時態(tài)總結(jié)般現(xiàn)在時標志，: always（總是）usually（通常）often（經(jīng)常）sometimes（有時）never（從不）every（每一） 行為動詞詞型變化形式一般現(xiàn)在時動詞只有第三人稱后有詞形變化，其他人稱（第一人稱：i, we ;第二人稱：you;第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)：they、my friends ）動詞均用原形 當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，一般動詞在一般現(xiàn)在時句子中的變化規(guī)律：1、多數(shù)在動詞后加s play plays like likes ,2、 以 s, x, sh, ch, o 結(jié)尾的動詞力口 es wash - washes catch -

2、 catches do - does3、以輔音字母加4、以元音字母加5、不規(guī)則變化y 結(jié)尾，把 y 改 i 再力口 es fly flies study studiesy結(jié)尾，直接加have - hasbuy -buys一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：the sky is blue.天空是藍色的。2 .表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：i get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。3 .表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：the earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。the earth is round.構(gòu)成1 . be 動詞：主語+b

3、e（am,is,are）+ 其它。 如：i am a boy.我是一個男孩。2 .行為動詞：主語+行為動詞（+其它）。 如：we study english.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。句型肯定句：a.be動詞：主語+ be + 其它成分he is a worker.b.行為動詞：主語+動詞（注意人稱變化）+其它成分 we like the little cat.否定句：a.be動詞：主語+ be + not +其它成分 they are not students.b.行為動詞：主語+助動詞（do/does） + not+動詞原形+其它成分we don t like the little cat.一般疑問句

4、：a.be動詞： am / is /are +主語+其它成分are you a teacher? yes, i am. / no, i am not.are they students of your school.yes they are / no they aren,t.b.行為動詞：助動詞（do/does） +主語+動詞原形+其它成分do you like it? yes, i do. / no. i don t .does he（she） like it? yes, he（ she ）does. / no, he （ she ）doesn t.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ 一般疑問句a.be

5、動詞： how many students are there in your school?b.行為動詞： what do you usually do on sunday?一般現(xiàn)在時動詞 be和have的變化形式1 .動詞be叫連系動詞,用法：第一人稱單數(shù)用am,第三人稱單數(shù)用is,其它人稱用are。2 .動詞have的用法：第三人稱單數(shù)用has以外，其它人稱一律用have。如：注意事項 1.在英國，人們常用have got代替have ,特別在疑問句和否定句中。2.當(dāng)have如果不表示 宥”時，構(gòu)成疑問或否定句時，就借助于助動詞do, does如：i have a new pen .否：

6、i have not a new pen.（ 表示有）i have lunch at 12 oclock.否：i don t have lunch at 12 oclock.（表示吃）.現(xiàn)在進行時:標志，bj: now, look, listen , it +時間.現(xiàn)在進行時：表示正在進行的、發(fā)生的動作基本結(jié)構(gòu):beam isare+動詞 ing版權(quán)所有違版必究15肯定句：主語 + be動詞（am, are, is）+現(xiàn)在分詞（ing ） +其他 i am watching tv.否定句：主語 + be動詞+ not +現(xiàn)在分詞（ing ） +其他 i am not watching tv.一

7、般疑問句：be動詞（am, are, is） +主語+現(xiàn)在分詞（ing ） +其他are you watching tv? yes, i am. / no, i am not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ 一般疑問句what are you doing ?動詞的-ing形式的變化規(guī)律：1 . 直接力口 -ingwatch watching clean cleaning2 .以-y 結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加 -ingstudy studying play playing3 .以不發(fā)音的-e 結(jié)尾的動詞，先去 -e 再加-ingmake makingcome coming4 .末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母

8、的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫末尾字母，再加 -ing cut cutting三、一般將來時的用法:表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。（后天），next （下一個），（將來），soon （不久）等（2 ） will+動詞原形標志tbj: tomorrow （明天）,the day after tomorrowfrom now on（從現(xiàn)在開始）， in the future結(jié)構(gòu)：（1 ） be （am,is ,are ） +going to+ 動詞原形“be going to+動詞原形（打算 ）= will+動詞原形（將,會 ） i m going to study t

9、omorrow. i will study tomorrow.（be going to著重于事先考慮好will未事先考慮好）- 一般不用考慮肯定句：主語 + be （am, are, is） going to + 動詞原形. 主語+ will +動詞原形否定句： 主語 + be （am, are, is） not going to + 動詞原形.主語 + won t + 動詞原形.一般疑問句：be （am, are, is） +主語+ going to +動詞原形？will +主語+動詞原形？特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ 一般疑問句？注意：will 常簡略為ll,并與主語連寫在一起，如： ill, h

10、ell , itll , well , youll , theyll。四、一般過去時標志，bj： yesterday（ 昨天）,last （ 上一個）,this morning（今天早上）, ago（以前）,before （在一之前）,in 2002（在 2002 年）等用法：表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1 . 一般在動詞末尾加-ed如：watch-watched, cook-cooked2 .結(jié)尾是 e 力口 d如：taste-tasted3 .末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾

11、的輔音字母，再加-ed ,如:stop-stopped4 .以“輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的，變 y為i, 再加-ed ,如：study-studied5 . 不規(guī)貝u動詞過去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave句型：1、be動詞在一般過去時中的變化： am 和 is 變?yōu)?was。 否定（was not=wasn t） are 變?yōu)?were 。 否定（were not=weren t）否定句：在 was 或 were 后力口 not一般疑問句：把 was或were調(diào)到句首。2、行為動詞 在一般過去時中的變化否定句：

12、didn t + 動詞原形 如：jim didn t go home yesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加 did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形如：did jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問句：（1）疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？如：what did jim do yesterday?（2）疑問詞當(dāng)主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：who went to home yesterday?附錄：小學(xué)常用不規(guī)則動詞過去式一、不規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成1 .把動詞原形中的i改為a,變成過去式。如：begin began, drink drank , give gave, ring r

13、ang , sing sang, sit sat , swim swam2 .把重讀開音節(jié)中的i改為o,變成過去式。如：drive drove , ride rode , write wrote3 .改動詞原形中的aw /ow為ew,變成過去式。如：drawdrew, growgrew, know knew, throw threw （動 詞 show 除外， show showed）4 .動詞原形中的e改為o,變成過去式。如：get got, forget forgot5 .動詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過去式。如：feed fed , meet met6 .動詞原形中的eep改為ept,變成

14、過去式。如：keepkept , sleep slept , sweep swept7 .動詞原形中的eak改為oke,變成過去式。如：break broke , speakspoke8 .動詞原形中的ell改為01d ,變成過去式。如：sell sold , tell told9 .動詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過去式。如：stand stood , understand understood10 .以ought和aught結(jié)尾，且讀音是:t的過去式。如：bring brought , buy bought , think thought , catch caught , teach tau

15、ght11 .以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為ud的情態(tài)動詞過去式。如：cancould , shall should , will would12 .把動詞原形中的o改為a,變成過去式。如：come came, become- became13 .在動詞原形后加d或t變成過去式，并且發(fā)生音變。如：hearhi heardh :d, sayseisaidsed, meanmi:nmeant ment14 .動詞的過去式與動詞原形一樣。如：let let , mustmust, put put, read readred.不規(guī)則動詞表w過去式中文釋義amwas是（表不存在、狀態(tài)等）arewere是（表不存

16、在、狀態(tài)等）becomebecame成為；變成beginbegan開始breakbroke打破bringbrought拿來；取來；帶來buildbuilt構(gòu)筑；建造；建筑buybought購買；買cancould可以；能；可能；會冬幾口車來切catch caught come came cut cutdo/does did drawdrewdrink drankdrivedrove開車；駕駛eatate吃feelfelt感覺得findfound尋找；查找flyflew飛行forgetforgot后3己；jfeipgetgot變得givegave給；授予gowent去have/has had得（

17、?。换迹ú。?；有；吃；飲hearheard聽見；聽說hidehid隱藏iswas是（表不存在、狀態(tài)等）keepkept保持；使保持某種狀態(tài)knowknew知道；了解leaveleft離去；出發(fā)letlet允許；讓loselost相；心makemade使；促使；迫使；做；制作maymight可能；可以meanmeant表示的意思；作的解釋meetmet遇見；相逢putput放；擺；裝readread /e/讀；閱讀riderode騎ringrang（鈴）響riseroserunran跑；奔跑saysaid說；講seesaw看見sendsent發(fā)送；寄；派；遣setset放，置showshowe

18、d出小；給看shutshut關(guān)上（門、蓋、窗戶等）singsang唱；唱歌sitsat坐sleepslept睡；睡覺speakspoke說；說話swimswam游泳taketook搭乘；花費（時間）；拿走；帶到teachtaught教；講授telltold告訴；講述thinkthought想；思考willwould將要winwon贏；獲勝writewrote書寫小學(xué)英語語法（詞性）總結(jié)一、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法：當(dāng)兩種物體之間相互比較時，我們要用形容詞或副詞的比較級；當(dāng)相互比較的物體是三個或三個以上時, 用形容詞或副詞的最高級。比較級二者比較，標志詞：than最twj級三者以上比較

19、，標志詞：the形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)律：1 .單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞后面直接加 -er 或-est tall taller tallest fast faster fastest2 . 以-e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞直接加-r 或-st large larger largest nice nicer nicest3 .以-y結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞，改-y為-i再加-er或-estbusy busier busiest early earlier earliest4 .形容詞或副詞是重讀閉音節(jié)時，雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加 -er或-esthot hotter hottest5 .多音節(jié)

20、形容詞或副詞前面直接加 more 或 most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful6 . 以 ly 結(jié)尾的副詞一般力口 more 或 most slowly more slowly most slowly7 .不規(guī)則變化good (well)- better-bestbad (badly)-worse-worstlittle-less-leastfar-farther-further many (much ) - more most形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級用法：比較級：1、形容詞：物體a + am / are / is + 形容詞比較級 + th

21、an + 物體b1. am taller than you. this picture is more beautiful than that one.2、副詞：物體a +行為動詞+副詞比較級 + than + 物體b.he studies better than me.最高級：1、形容詞：物體 a + am / are / is + the +形容詞最高級 +比較范圍(of +人/物，in +地方)i am the tallest in the class.shanghai is one of the biggest cities in china.2、副詞：物體 a +行為動詞+副詞最高級

22、 +比較范圍(of +人/物，in +地方).cheetahs run fastest in the world.he studies best of us.表示兩者對比相同： 主語+謂語+as+形容詞/副詞原形+as +從句this box is as big as mine. this coat is not so/as cheap as that one. i study english as hard as my brother.英語比較級和最高級練習(xí)(一)1.a pig is _ than a dog.a. much heavy b. more heavierc much heavi

23、er d. more heavy2. which is _ season in beijing?i think it spring.a. good b. well c. best d. the best3. the city is becoming.a. more beautiful and moreb. more beautiful and beautifulc. more and more beautifuld. more beautiful and beautifuler4 .which does alice like , chinese or art?a. well b. best c

24、. better d. much5 .the changjiang river is one of in the world.a. the longest river b. longest riversc. the longest rivers d. longer rivers6 .liming speaks chinese better than me.a. very b. more c. a lot of d. much7 .there are boys in class two than in class four.a. more b. many c. most d. best8 .wh

25、o has oranges now, jim, lily or lucy?a. much b. biggest c. better d. the most9 .mother is in my family.a. busy b. busier c. the busiest d. more10 .no one is lucy in the class.a. so tallest as b. as taller asc. so high as d. as tall as(二)寫出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級形式：long wide fatheavy slow fewbrightly-bably

26、farquickly happy-unhappy(三)用所給詞的正確形式填空：1. of the two girls, i find lucy the(clever).2. gold(黃金)is(little) useful than iron(鐵).3. my sister is two years(old ) than i.4. john s parents have four daughters, and she is the(young) child.5. the(cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.6. the short on

27、e is by far expensive of the five.7. the boy is not so(interesting) as his brother.8. dick sings(well), she sings(well) than john, but mary sings(well) in her class.9. she will be much(happy) in her mew house.10. this dressis that.(twice, as as- -, expensive)參考答案：(一)c d c c c d a d c d(二)longer long

28、est wider widestfatter fattest heavier heaviestslower slowest fewer fewestmore brightly, most brightlyworse, worstfurther,furthestmore quickly, most quicklyhappier happiest unhappier unhappiest(三)clever lessolderyoungestcheapest the mostinterestingwell, better, the besthappiertwice as expensive as二、

29、情態(tài)動詞必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語情態(tài)動詞的定義：情態(tài)動詞有詞義，但它不能單獨作謂語，它 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后加動詞原形。can 能夠，會may 可以shall將，要should 應(yīng)該must必須have (has ) to不得不had better最好情態(tài)動詞的用法：情態(tài)動詞啟7e句否定句can主語+ can +動詞原形主語 + can + not +動詞原形may主語+ may +動詞原形主語 + may + not +動詞原形shall主語+ shall +動詞原形主語 + shall + not +動詞原形should主語+ should +動詞原形主語 + should +

30、 not +動詞原形must主語+ must +動詞原形主語 + must + not +動詞原形have (has)to 主語 + have (has )to +動詞原形主語 + don t(doesn t) +have (has) to +動詞原形had better主語 + had better +動詞原形主語 + had better + not +動詞原形情態(tài)動詞疑問句肯定回答否定回答cancan + 主語+動詞原形？yes,can.no,can t.maymay + 主語+動詞原形？yes, may. / sure.no,may not.shallshall + 主語+動詞原形？y

31、es, please. / all right.no, let s not.shouldshould +主語+動詞原形？yes,should.no,shouldn t.mustmust + 主語+動詞原形？yes,must.no,needn t.have (has ) todo (does)+ 主語 +yes, do (does).no,don t (doesn t)have to +動詞原形？had better/三、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1 . 一般情況下，直接加-s , 如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 結(jié)尾，力

32、口-es , 如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3. 以 “輔音字母 +y” 結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i, 再加-es , 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4. 以f或fe結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es ,如：knife-knives5. 不規(guī)貝u名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children,foot-feet,tooth-t

33、eeth,fish-fish, people-people, chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式有如下變化，如下表:情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況在詞尾+sdesk-desks, apple-apples以-s.x.ch.sh結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾+esclass-classes, box-boxes peach-peaches, dish-dishes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再+esfactory-factories, family-families以兀音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾+sday-days, boy-boys, key-key以f或fe結(jié)

34、尾的詞變f或fe為v再+esknife-knives, wife-wives leaf-leaves, life-lives以輔音字母o結(jié)尾的詞有生命的+es無生命的+s以oo結(jié)尾的+spotato-potatoes, hero-heroes photo-photos技巧歸納改f(e)為ve加s 口訣(1)樹葉半數(shù)自己黃妻子拿刀去割糧架后竄出一只狼就像小偷逃命忙(2)常用不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式foot-feet 腳 man-men 男人 woman-women人 tooth-teeth 牙 mouse-mice 老鼠 goose-geese 鵝 child-children 小孩單復(fù)數(shù)同形fish

35、魚li里jin斤yuan元mu 畝sheep 羊deer 小鹿chinese 中國人japanese日本人means單復(fù)名詞同形：中國人日本人都愛綿羊鹿和魚.高頻考點 man woman作定詞修飾復(fù)數(shù)時需變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式two men doctors兩位男醫(yī)生many women leaders很多女領(lǐng)導(dǎo)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，沒有單數(shù)形式trousers 褲子 clothes 衣月艮 shorts 短褲 goods 商品 glasses 眼鏡 shoes 鞋 (5)常用不可數(shù)名詞advice 建議 baggage 行李 bread 面包 rain 雨 steel 鋼 gold 金sand 沙 grass

36、草 glass 玻璃 oil 油 paper 紙 butter 黃油 salt 鹽 beauty 漂亮 change 零錢 information 信息 smoke water 水 homework 作業(yè) cloth 布 food 食品 money 錢 tea 茶 snow 雪 wealth 財富 furniture 家具 cotton 棉花 rice 大米 fruit水果 milk 牛奶四、介詞口訣：介詞的用法早、午、晚要用in, at黎明、午夜、點與分。年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周，陽光、燈、影、衣、冒in。將來時態(tài)in.以后，小處at大處in。有形with無形by,語言、單位、材料 in。特征

37、、方面與方式，心情成語慣用in。介詞at和to表方向，攻擊、位置、惡、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、農(nóng)場、值日on,關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、靠、著論。著、罷、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，準。特定時日和 ”就”，on后常接動名詞。年、月、日加早、午、晚， of之前on代in。步行、驢、馬、玩笑 on , cab , carriage 則用in。at山腳、門口、在當(dāng)前，速、溫、日落、價、核心。工具、和、同隨 with ,具有、獨立、就、原因。就來說賓譯主，對、有、方狀、表細分。海、陸、空、車、偶、被 by ,單數(shù)、人類know to manthis、that、tomorrow ,

38、 yesterday , next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介詞省略已習(xí)慣。over、under 正上下， above、below 貝u不然，若與數(shù)量詞連用，混合使用亦無關(guān)。beyond 超出、無、不能， against 靠著，對與反。besides , except 分內(nèi)夕卜，among 之內(nèi) along 沿。同類比較except ,加for異類記心間。原狀 because of, 、 owing to、 due to 表語形容詞under后接修、建中，of、from 物、化分。before、after 表一點,ago、later 表一段。before能接完成時，ago過去

39、極有限。since以來during 間，since時態(tài)多變換。與之相比 beside ,除了 last but one 。復(fù)不定for、找、價、原，對、給、段、去、為、作、贊?？斓健?、向towards ,工、學(xué)、軍、城、北、上、南。but for否定用虛擬，復(fù)合介詞待后言。ing型由于鑒，除了除外與包合。之后、關(guān)于、在 方面，有關(guān)介詞須記全。in內(nèi)to外表位置，山、水、國界 to在前。五、代詞的用法主格iyouhesheitwethey賓格meyouhimheritusthem形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitso

40、urstheirs反身代詞myselfyourself/yourselveshimselfherselfitselfourselvesthemselves主格：一般放在句子前，做主語.賓格：一般放在動詞，介詞（for、to、of）后.形容詞性物主代詞：修飾名詞，放在名詞前.名詞性物主代詞：代表名詞，后不跟名詞.反身代詞及其一般用法反身代詞表示動作回到其執(zhí)行者本身用以加強語氣。反身代詞的分類1 .a人稱單數(shù):myself我自己復(fù)數(shù)：ourselves我們自己2.第二人稱單數(shù):yourself你自己復(fù)數(shù)：yourselves你們自己3.第三人稱單數(shù):himself他自己 herself 她自己 i

41、tself它自己復(fù)數(shù)：themselves 他們自己、她們自己、它們自己反身代詞在句子中的用法1 .作表語shes not herself today.她今天跟平常真是判若兩人。2 .作賓語please help yourself to some fish.請隨便吃點魚。3 .作介賓i learned english by myself. 我自學(xué)英語。4 .作同位語he can do that himself.他自己能做那件事。there be 有，表示存在。there is+單數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞there are+復(fù)數(shù)there be”句型結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：there be+ 主語(某人 / 某物)

42、+ 某地 there isa boy in the room.否定句：there be + not (any)+主語 + 某地 there arent any books on the desk.一般疑問句： be(is、are) there +(any)+ 主語 + 某地“yes , there is / are. ”no, there isnt / arent.it +be談?wù)撎鞖饩嚯x遠近its going to rain.its far to get there.”說到時間情況程度its time to go to school.its hard to learn. ”、并列連詞:1.

43、and連接單詞 連接短語 連接句子my brother2. but 但是/而是or 或者3. nothing but4.or表示否則5.for 表示因為六、連詞的用法and i study in the same school.our knowledgemay come from the books and from practice.we are singing and they are dancing.i have a pen but no pencil.will you go there by bus or on foot?除了，只有i did nothingbut watch it.h

44、urry up or you will be late.he is good at math for he studiesharder than others.6.still表示后句概念由前句轉(zhuǎn)折而來the weather is very cold, still we neednt wear more clothes.7.not only but also 不僅而且可并列主、謂、賓、表及句子主語并列時，謂語要就近一致not only he but alsoi am a teacher.8 .as well as以及，同樣并列單詞、短語、句子。并列主語時，動詞要隨前面的主語變化he worksa

45、s well as he can9 .either or 既又，或或并列主、謂、賓、表及狀語 either come in or go out.10 .neither nor既不也不并列主、謂、賓、表、狀語，并列主語時，謂語就近一致 neither you nor he speaks french.12 .both and 和，既也并列主、謂、賓及表語i can play both football and basketball.13 .nor 也不，引導(dǎo)句子要倒裝he can not speak english, nor can i.you like apples, so do i.二、從屬

46、連詞：1 . after 表示“時間”，在一之后after i finished the school, i became a worker in the factory.2 .although/though表示讓步，盡管although she is young, she knows a lot.3 .as表示時間，“當(dāng)時”，方式“象”，原因，“由于、因為”讓步，“盡管、雖然”as it was late, we must go now.4 .as if/as though表方式，“似乎、好像”he told is such a story as though he had been the

47、re before.5 .as long as/so long as 表條件， 只要 as long as i am free, i ll go to help you.6 .as soon as 表時間，”就i will phone you as soon as i come back.7 .because表原因， 因為i have to stay in bed because i am ill.8 .before 表時間，”在 之前you should think more before you do it.9 .even if/ even though 表讓步，即使 you should try again even if you failed.10 .hardly when 表時間，“（剛）一就hardly i entered the gate when the