口譯分類詞匯經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)與發(fā)展

1、 口譯分類詞匯 經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)與改革 概述 General Terms 保護(hù)主義 protectionism 閉關(guān)自守 closed door policy 暢通工程 Smooth Traffic Project 初級(jí)成分 primary sector 粗放式管理 extensive management 從粗放經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧s經(jīng)濟(jì) shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化 foster integration with the global economy 盜用公款 embezzlement 地方財(cái)政包干制 their f

2、inances system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for 地區(qū)差異 regional disparity 短平快項(xiàng)目 investment a project yielding quick returns with a relatively low 短線產(chǎn)品 products in shorts supply 二元經(jīng)濟(jì) dual economy 發(fā)展不平衡 disparate development 發(fā)展民族經(jīng)濟(jì) develop the national economy 發(fā)展是硬道理 the absolute n

3、eed Development is of overriding importance ./ Development is 翻兩番 quadruple 放寬經(jīng)營條件限制 relax business restrictions 扶貧 helping the poor 3 工商局 industrial and commercial administration 公共部門；公共成分 public sector 關(guān)稅總水平 general tariff level 管制經(jīng)濟(jì) controlled economy 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) economy of scale 國產(chǎn)化率 components import

4、substitution rate ; localization rate of parts and 國際商業(yè)社會(huì) the global business community 國家糧食庫存 the state grain reserves 國民生產(chǎn)總值 gross national product (GNP) 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 gorss domestic product (GDP) 合理引導(dǎo)消費(fèi) guide rational consumption 宏觀調(diào)控 macro-control 混合經(jīng)濟(jì) mixed economy 基本國情 fundamental realities of the co

5、untry 積極的財(cái)政政策 proactive fiscal policy 集體經(jīng)濟(jì) collective economy 集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy 計(jì)劃調(diào)節(jié) regulation through state planning 講誠信，反欺詐 honor credibility and oppose cheating 解放生產(chǎn)力 emancipate the productive forces 經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng) economic fluctuation 經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇 economic reco

6、very 經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿 economic levers 經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡 economic balance 經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢 economic trend 經(jīng)濟(jì)渠道 economic channels 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化 economic globalization 經(jīng)濟(jì)失調(diào)指數(shù) misery index 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退 economic depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛 economic take-off /boom (有 )經(jīng)濟(jì)頭腦的人commercially minded (people); (people with) business sense 控股公司 holding company 拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 fuel econ

7、omic growth 理順 straightening out 家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制the household contract responsibility system 停職留薪 retain the job but suspend the salary 亂收費(fèi)，亂攤派， 亂罰款 arbitary charges , fund-raising quotas and fines 配套政策 supporting policies 貧富懸殊 polarization of rich and poor 求得公平合理的解決 seek a fair and reasonable solution 三步

8、走戰(zhàn)略 the three-step development strategy 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題 hot spots of society 涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)foreign-related business 實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì) the real economy 實(shí)現(xiàn)零的突破 achieve the zero breakthrough 實(shí)用，有效，廉價(jià)，方便 practical ,efficient , economical and convenient for use 市政當(dāng)局 municipality 適度從緊的財(cái)政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy 私營成分，私營部門 privat

9、e sector 停滯 ；蕭條 stagnation 通貨緊縮 deflation (of currency ) 統(tǒng)籌安排 comprehensive arrangement 統(tǒng)一市場 single market 托管制度 trusteeship 網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì) cybereconomy 偽劣商品賠還法 lemon law 溫飽工程 project for adequate food and clothing 效益農(nóng)業(yè) profitable agriculture 新興經(jīng)濟(jì) emerging economies 養(yǎng)老金 pension 以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心 focusing on the central

10、 task of economic construction 以質(zhì)量求生存，求發(fā)展，求效益 strive for survival , development and efficiency on the basis of quality 優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)和提高效益 optimized structure and better economic returns 優(yōu)稅待遇 preferential taxation treatment 5 有中國特色的社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制 socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics 與國際市場接軌 integ

11、rate with the world market ; become integrated into the global market 中國經(jīng)濟(jì)景氣檢測中心 China Economic Monitoring Center 中國新經(jīng)濟(jì)峰會(huì) China New Economy Summit 主體經(jīng)濟(jì)the mainstay of the economy 專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)exclusive economic zone 追趕型和跨越式發(fā)展pursuant and leap-forward development 資源配置the distribution / allocation of resource

12、s 自由經(jīng)濟(jì)liberal economy 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)political economy 官方表述 Official Statements 社會(huì)秩序良好，人民安居樂業(yè) People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentment 深化分配制度改革，健全社會(huì)保障體系 deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social security system 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度 the s

13、ystems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban residents 同經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng)的社會(huì)保障體系 a social security system compatible with the level of economic development 國民經(jīng)濟(jì) National Economy 按勞分配 distribution according to one s performance 擺脫貧窮和落后 shaking off poverty and backwardness 保持國民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)，快速

14、，健康發(fā)展 maintain sustained , rapid and sound development of the national economy 保持國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的良好勢頭 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 邊際報(bào)酬 marginal return 變相漲價(jià) disguised price hikes 不正之風(fēng) bad/harmful practice ; unhealthy tendency 財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況 financial and economic conditions 財(cái)政收支平衡 fisca

15、l balance （產(chǎn)品）分銷 sub-underwriting ; distribution 草根農(nóng)業(yè) grass-roots industry 產(chǎn)糧大省 granary province 朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè) sunrise industry 傳銷 multi-level marketing ;pyramid selling 打假 crack down on counterfeit goods 彈性工資 flexible pay 等外品 off-grade goods ; rejects 第一產(chǎn)業(yè) primary industury 第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tert

16、iary industry 惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation 惡性循環(huán) vicious circle 二次創(chuàng)業(yè) start a new undertaking 浮動(dòng)工資 floating wages ; fluctuating wages 高科技板塊 high-tech sector 根本好轉(zhuǎn) fundamental turn for the better 工薪階層 salariat ; state employee ; salaried person 公司分立與解散 separation and dissolution of a company 國家利益 interest of t

17、he state 紅包 kickback （中） red envelope containing money as a gift ; （貶 ） bribe ; 積壓產(chǎn)品 overstocked commodities / inventories 技術(shù)產(chǎn)權(quán)交易所 exchange technology equity market ; technology property right 技術(shù)下鄉(xiāng) spread technological knowledge to farmers 加班 work extra shifts ; work overtime 家族企業(yè) family firm 假日經(jīng)濟(jì) h

18、oliday firm 尖端產(chǎn)品 highly sophisticated products 解困基金 anti-poverty funds 進(jìn)口減免稅 import tax exemptions and reduction 精品 competitive products 敬業(yè)精神 professional dedication ; professional ethics 連帶責(zé)任 joint liability 良性循環(huán) virtuous circle 劣等品 shoddy goods ; substa ndard goods ; lemon 口 語） 冒充包裝 copycat packag

19、ing 耐用消費(fèi)品 durable consumer items / goods 年同比 year-on-year ; on an annual basis 扭轉(zhuǎn)局面 reverse the tide ; turn the table 農(nóng)村富余勞動(dòng)力 surplus rural labor 跳蚤市場 flea market 農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力合理有序流動(dòng)the rational and orderly flow of rural labor 皮包公司 bogus company 票販子 ticket scalper ; ticket tout 瓶頸制約 “ bottleneck ” restricti

20、ons 情感消費(fèi) emotional consumption 區(qū)位商業(yè) location-based commerce 全優(yōu)工程 all-round excellent project 拳頭產(chǎn)品 competitive products ; knock-out products ; blockbuster 商品交易所 Commodity Exchange 商品條碼 bar code 商務(wù)所 commercial counsellor s office 市場疲軟 sluggish market 市場準(zhǔn)入 market access 適銷對路的產(chǎn)品 readily marketable produ

21、cts 甩賣 clearance sale ; be on sale 雙邊和多邊經(jīng)濟(jì)合作bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 投資成本回收 recover investments 脫貧致富 prosperity cast /shake / throw off poverty and set out on a road to 無形資產(chǎn) intangible assets 向錢看 mammonism ; put money above all 效益工資 achievements-related wages ; wages based on

22、benefits 一級(jí)市場 primary market 重復(fù)建設(shè) duplication of similar projects 轉(zhuǎn)嫁負(fù)擔(dān) shifting losses to 國有企業(yè)改革 Reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOE) 擺脫困境 be extricated from their predicament 包工包料 contract for labor and materials 層層轉(zhuǎn)包和違法分包multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting 產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu) product mix 產(chǎn)權(quán)清晰，

23、權(quán)責(zé)分明，政企分開，科學(xué)管理 clearly established ownership , well defined power and responsibility , separation of enterprise from administration , and scientific management 產(chǎn)銷直接掛鉤 directly link production with marketing 產(chǎn)業(yè)的升級(jí)換代 upgrading of industries 產(chǎn)業(yè)高地 industrial leading position 產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)性 production-related ass

24、ociation 產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí) optimize and upgrade the industrial structure 廠長負(fù)責(zé)制 system under which the factory director assumes full responsibility 承包經(jīng)營 contract operation 持續(xù)提高公司的競爭能力 achieve a lasting upturn in the company sability to compete 初步建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度implement a preliminary modern enterprise system 促銷 merc

25、handising 大型企業(yè)集團(tuán) large enterprise group 帶薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待崗 await job assignment ; post-waiting 待業(yè) job-waiting 待業(yè)人口 population waiting for employment 地域優(yōu)勢 geographical advantage 調(diào)節(jié)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行 regulate the opera

26、tion of the economy 調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu) readjust the product mix 董事會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo) leadership of the board of directors 對符合條件的企業(yè)實(shí)行債轉(zhuǎn)股 carry out debt-to-equity swap programs in enterprises where conditions permit 對外承包工程 overseas contracted engineering projects 防范和化解經(jīng)融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) prevent and defuse financial risks 分流企業(yè)富余人員 redirect su

27、rplus employees of enterprises 富有獻(xiàn)身精神，積極性高漲的員工隊(duì)伍 a highly motivated and committed workforce 改善國有企業(yè)負(fù)債結(jié)構(gòu) 改革國有資產(chǎn)管理體制reform the state property management system improve the asset-liability ratios of state-owned 搞活企業(yè) invigorate enterprises 革新重組 realignment senior and intermediate-level engineers and tech

28、nologists enterprises 高中級(jí)工程技術(shù)人員 個(gè)體，私營等非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì) the non-public sector including selfemployed and private businesses 工業(yè)產(chǎn)值 the industrial output 公司法人責(zé)任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system 公有制的多種實(shí)現(xiàn)形式various forms for realizing public ownership 股份合作制 system joint stock-holding partnership ; t

29、he joint stock cooperative 股份制 the shareholding system 骨干企業(yè) key enterprise 規(guī)范監(jiān)事會(huì)制度 standardize the board of supervisors system 規(guī)范破產(chǎn) standardize bankruptcy procedures 國家財(cái)政收入 total national revenue 國有大中型企業(yè) large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 國有控股企業(yè) state holding enterprise 國有資產(chǎn)流失 the devalu

30、ation of state assets 合同管理制 the contract management system 紅帽子企業(yè) red cap enterprise 宏觀管理體制 the macro-control system 貨幣政策 monetary policy 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 technological innovation 11 家用電器產(chǎn)業(yè)the home electric appliances industry 價(jià)格性能比 price versus performance ratio 兼并破產(chǎn) merger and bankruptcy 減少對市場變化做出反應(yīng)的時(shí)間 shorten

31、 the response time to market changes 減員增效 downsizing for efficiency ; cut payroll to improve efficiency 揭牌典禮 an official business launch 街道企業(yè) neighborhood enterprise 緊密型企業(yè)集團(tuán) tightly-knit groups of enterprises 競爭有序 orderly competition 競爭擇優(yōu) select only the best of competing offers 開工不足 enterprises run

32、ning under their production capacity 虧損企業(yè) loss-making enterprises 虧損企業(yè)脫困 losing enterprises in the black again 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需 expand domestic demand 來料加工 process materials supplied by clients ; accept customers materials for processing 勞動(dòng)合同制 labor contract system 理順/正確處理改革，發(fā)展，穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系 appropriately balance refor

33、m , development and stability 流通體制 the circulation system 龍頭 a leader 內(nèi)聯(lián)企業(yè) enterprises with internal connections 扭虧增贏 reduction of loss and increase of profits 13 培育統(tǒng)一開放，競爭有序的市場體系 cultivate a unified and open market with orderly competition 培育新的消費(fèi)熱點(diǎn) foster new consumption growth areas 激勵(lì)機(jī)制和約束機(jī)制 ince

34、ntive and restraint mechanisms 企業(yè)文化 corporate culture 強(qiáng)化管理， “嚴(yán) ”字當(dāng)頭 tighten up management and put strict observance above all else 強(qiáng)化社區(qū)服務(wù)功能 strengthen the function of community 強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)合 association between strong enterprises 全面提高勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì) improve the overall quality of the workforce 全球銷售服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò) the global sale

35、s and after-sales service network 融中國現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)主流 integrate China s modern industry with the mainstream of the worlds economy 三無企業(yè) three-no-enterprises 商檢局Commodity Inspection Bureau 商業(yè)運(yùn)作business dealings 深化流通體制改革 deepen the reform of the distribution system 生物醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè) the bioengineering and pharmaceutic

36、al industry 石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè) the petrochemical industry 實(shí)行投資主體多元化 Sources of investment must be diversified 時(shí)常多元化戰(zhàn)略 market diversification strategy 售后服務(wù) after-sales service 樹立企業(yè)良好形象 foster a good company image 統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，突出重點(diǎn)，分步實(shí)施 a comprehensive plan that should focus on key areas and be carried out in a step-by-s

37、tep manner 投身于變化的過程中be committed to the process of change 完善法人治理結(jié)構(gòu) improve the corporate government 西部大開發(fā) the large-scale development strategy in west China 下崗分流 redirect laid-off workers 下海 go in for business 興建南水北調(diào)工程 build the south-to-north water diversion project 虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)和實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)virtual economy and rea

38、l economy 養(yǎng)老，失業(yè)，醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)金 old-age , unemployment and medical insurance premiums 一刀切 impose uniformity in all cases ; allow no flexibility 一體化生產(chǎn) integrated production 以市場為導(dǎo)向 taking the market as the orientation 以質(zhì)取勝 implement the strategy of success through quality 引入競爭機(jī)制 introduce competition mechanisms

39、 優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu) optimize structure 優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)過程 optimize production processes 優(yōu)化組合 optimization grouping ; optional regrouping 優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ) take advantage of each toher s strength 再就業(yè)服務(wù)中心 re-employment service center 再就業(yè)工程 re-employment programs 在業(yè)人口 working population 政府搭臺(tái)，部門推動(dòng)，企業(yè)唱戲 15 Governments set up the stage , vario

40、us departments cooperate and enterprises put in the show 支柱產(chǎn)業(yè) pillar industries 知識(shí)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) knowledge-intensive projects 中心環(huán)節(jié) the pivotal point 抓大放小 invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones;focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themse

41、lves 轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制 shift to new management mechanisms 轉(zhuǎn)化經(jīng)營機(jī)制 change operating mechanism 裝備精良 state-of-the-art equipment 資金技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) capital-and-technology-intensive industries 勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) labor-intensive industries 自負(fù)盈虧 be responsible for their own profits and losses 財(cái)政金融 Finance 保理業(yè)務(wù) factoring business 保稅區(qū) the lo

42、w-tax , tariff-free zone ; bonded area 比較完整的金融市場體系a relatively complete financial market system 變現(xiàn) sell off 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告分析 analysis of financial statement 財(cái)務(wù)成本 financial cost 財(cái)務(wù)丑聞 accounting scandal 財(cái)政法 fiscal law 財(cái)政收入 /支出 financial revenue / expenditure 15 財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付 transfer payment from the exchequer 攙水股票 wa

43、ter-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value ) 籌資融資 fund and financing 城鄉(xiāng)信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas 存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits 呆帳 bad loan 貸款無力償還 loan defaults 地區(qū)貨幣集團(tuán) region

44、al corrency blocks 電子銀行 e-banking 電子應(yīng)用系統(tǒng) e-application 對沖基金 hedge fund 二板時(shí)常：創(chuàng)業(yè)板市場 second board (on the country s stock market) 防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) prevent financial risks 費(fèi)改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes 分拆上市 market . A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock 分期付款 installment payme

45、nt 分稅制 system of tax distribution 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 risk management 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資 risk investment 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本 venture capital 封閉式基金 close-ended fund 17 高增長，低通脹 high growth and low inflation 公積金 public accumulation funds ; public reserve funds 公司犯罪 corporate crime 國際清算銀行 international clearing banks 國有商業(yè)銀行 state-owned commercial

46、 banks 國債專項(xiàng)資金 special fund for treasury bond 核心/非核心資產(chǎn) core/ non-core assets 匯率機(jī)制 exchange-rate regime 貨幣化 monetization 貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation 貨到付款 cash on delivery 技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓 technology transfer 假帳 accounting fraud 虛報(bào)盈利 inflate profits 監(jiān)視會(huì) supervisory board 結(jié)售匯制度 the system of exchan

47、ge , settlement and sales 金本位 gold standard 金邊債券 gilt-edged bonds 金降落傘 golden parachute 金融電子化 computerize financial services 金融重組 financial reorganization 輻射全國，影響深遠(yuǎn) radiate its profound influence across the country 債務(wù)人持有資產(chǎn)debtor-in-possession (DIP) 金稅工程 Golden Tax Project 金銀買賣市場 a bullion trading ma

48、rket 可支配收入 disposable income 客戶關(guān)系管理 customer relationship management (CRM) 寬限期 grace period 垃圾債券 junk bond 利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 內(nèi)部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 the internal risk management 內(nèi)部自律控制機(jī)制 internal control system 歐洲單一貨幣 the single European currency 盤活存量資產(chǎn) tap the idle assets 疲軟股票 soft

49、 stock 騙匯，逃匯，套匯 obtain foreign currency at false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃 enterprise resource planning (ERP) 全球金融體系 global financial architecture 全天候交易 24-hour trading operations 融資渠道 financing channels 三角債 chain debt 上市融資 seek fin

50、ancing by listing on the stock market 設(shè)置嚴(yán)密的警戒線 throw a tight cordon 申請破產(chǎn)保護(hù) file for bankruptcy protection 19 生產(chǎn)要素 essential factor of production 直銷 non-store selling 網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè) online-banking 在線金融 online-finance 實(shí)行許可證制 implement a license system 收購公司 acquiring company 現(xiàn)金流量表 chart of cash flow 首席運(yùn)營官 Chief

51、 Operating Officer (COO) 首席財(cái)務(wù)官 Chief Finance Officer (CFO) 首席商務(wù)官 Chief Business Officer (CBO) 首席技術(shù)官 Chief Technology Officer (CTO) 首席信息官 Chief Information Officer (CIO) 首席溝通官 Chief Government Officer (CGO) 授信額度 line of credit 稅前 /稅后收入 pretax/after-tax income 上市/被摘牌公司 listed / delisted company 上調(diào)稅申報(bào)制

52、度 personal income declaration system 順差 trade surplus 特許稅 franchise tax 粘現(xiàn)市場 discount market 通存通稅 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are processed at any branch bank 統(tǒng)一稅 flat tax ; consolidated tax 偷稅，騙稅，逃稅，抗稅tax evasion , tax fraud , and refusal to pay taxes 投資信心 investor confiden

53、ce 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 financial statement 外國基準(zhǔn)貨幣 the foreign base currency 外匯儲(chǔ)備 foreign exchange reserve 外匯市場 a foreign exchange market 外資財(cái)務(wù)公司 foreign-funded financial companies 外資銀行 foreign-funded banks 金融交易安全 financial transaction security 無息和低息貸款 loans with no or low interest 物價(jià)漲幅 the margin of price rise 吸收游資

54、 absorb idle fund 消費(fèi)信貸 consumer credit services 信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn) credit risk 信貸支持 credit aid 信用緊縮 credit crunch 信用危機(jī) credit crisis 虛擬銀行 virtual bank 電子轉(zhuǎn)帳 wire transfer 延期還本付息 delayed repayment of capital and interest 業(yè)績報(bào)表 earning report 金融違規(guī)行為 financial irregularities / improprieties 證券交易委員會(huì) Securities Exchange

55、 Commission (SEC) 一式兩聯(lián) (receipt or invoice)in duplicate 營業(yè)稅 turnover tax ; business tax 增發(fā)長期國債 issue additional long-term treasury bonds 債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)股權(quán) /債轉(zhuǎn)股debt-for-equity swap 帳面收益 paper profit 有形資產(chǎn) physical assets 項(xiàng)目資本金制度 project fund system 資產(chǎn)重組 recapitalize 中國外匯交易中心 Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading Servi

56、ce 中國財(cái)政赤字 state financial deficits 轉(zhuǎn)手貿(mào)易 switch trade （銀行的）交易 transact 原始股 initial offerings 新股發(fā)行 initial public offerings (IPO) 智力資本 intellectual capital 投資回收期 investment payoff period 資產(chǎn)保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets ; maintenance and appreciation of assets 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債比例管理 exercise management over the liability rate on assets 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 balance sheet 自由兌換 free convertibility ; be free