高中英語語法講解

1、資料來源：來自本人網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理！祝您工作順利！高中英語語法講解 高中英語語法的學(xué)問點，讓我們一個一個的綻開學(xué)習(xí)。下面是我給大家整理的高中英語語法，供大家參閱! 高中英語語法：疑問句 反意疑問句 一.反意疑問句的分類: 1.第一類反意疑問句由兩局部組成, 前一局部作陳述; 后一局部提問, 起證明或反證作用, 或只表示疑問語調(diào)的作用, 其確定或否認與前一局部相反. 這一類反意疑問句事實上不表示疑問, 也并不肯定要求對方答復(fù) a. you havent done your homework, have you ? b. you will be away for long, wont you ? 2.其次

2、類反意疑問句也由兩局部組成, 前一局部作確定的陳述, 用確定形式, 后一局部提問也用確定形式, 表示說話人對第一局部的陳述的真實性有所疑心, 請對方加以證明 a. he teaches english, does he ? 二.應(yīng)留意的問題: 1.疑問局部的主語與陳述局部的主語的對應(yīng): .陳述局部是there be構(gòu)造時, 疑問局部用be(not) ther提問 a. there is no doubt about it, is there ? b. there are hundreds of students on the playground, arent there ? .陳述局部的主語

3、是everyone, someone, anyone, no one等表示人的不定代詞時, 疑問局部主語多用they, 也可用he a. everyone knows his job, doesnt he ? / everyone knows their jobs, dont they ? .陳述局部的主語是everything, nothing, something等表示物的不定代詞時, 疑問局部的主語用it. a. everything goes very well, doesnt it ? .陳述局部的主語是each時, 假如強調(diào)單個, 疑問局部的主語用單數(shù)代詞; 假如強調(diào)全體, 疑問局

4、部的主語用復(fù)數(shù)代詞 a. each of the students has his own desk, doesnt he ? b. each of the students passed the exam, didnt they ? c. each of the pens has a red cap, doesnt it ? .陳述局部的主語是不定式, 動名詞, 詞組或從句時, 疑問局部的主語用it a. to drive a car is not easy, is it ? b. seeing is believing, isnt it ? c. that you are leaving

5、soon is true, isnt it ? .陳述局部的主語是this , that, these, those時, 疑問局部的主語要用it 或they a. this is very important, isnt it ? b. these are the books you bought yesterday, arent they ? 2.疑問局部的不完全動詞與陳述局部的不完全動詞的對應(yīng): .陳述局部沒有不完全動詞(即謂語中只有實義動詞)時, 疑問局部用do的某形式來提問 a. he likes english very much, doesnt he ? b. he went to

6、 the cinema last sunday, didnt he ? c. you have learned english for eight years, havent you ? .陳述局部的謂語是used to do(過去常常)時, 疑問局部既可用used, 也可用did提問 a. he used to live in london, usednt / didnt he ? .假設(shè)在陳述局部將need / dare / have作為不完全動詞用法, 那么疑問局部仍用need / dare / have提問; 假設(shè)在陳述局部將need / dare / have作為實義動詞來用, 那么

7、疑問局部用do的某一形式提問 a. we need to do it right now, dont we ? b. we neednt do it right now, need we ? c. you have finished your homework, havent you ? d. you have a computer of you own, dont you ? .陳述局部有must表示 肯定是, 確定是的推想意義時, 疑問局部不用must提問, 而要依據(jù)must所表示的時間, 用do / be的某一形式來提問, 詳細對應(yīng)狀況見下表: 陳述局部謂語形式 含義 疑問局部用來提問的

8、不完全動詞 must do / be 一般狀況或如今狀態(tài) do, am / is / are must be doing 正在發(fā)生的狀況 am / is / are must have done 過去發(fā)生的狀況 did a. he must be a student in this school, isnt he ? b. you must be tired, arent you ? c. they must be doing their lessons right now, arent they ? d. you must have met him at the party yesterda

9、y, didnt you ? .陳述局部有must表示有必要時, 疑問局部用neednt提問 a. you must go home right now, neednt you ? 3.其他問題: .陳述局部謂語出現(xiàn)有否認詞綴的動詞時, 疑問局部仍用否認構(gòu)造 a. he is unfit for his office, isnt he ? .陳述局部含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否認詞或半否認詞時, 疑問局部要用確定形式 a. he hardly knows english, does he ? .陳述局部

10、的主語是i時, 疑問局部中否認常用arent i. a. i am your friend, arent i ? .陳述局部是i ( dont ) think / believe / suppose / expect that.(即否認轉(zhuǎn)移句)時, 疑問局部要依據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來作 a. i think he can finish the work, cant he ? b. i dont think he can finish the work, can he ? 陳述局部謂語形式含義疑問局部用來提問的不完全動詞 must do / be一般狀況或如今狀態(tài)do, am / is /

11、are must be doing正在發(fā)生的狀況am / is / are must have done過去發(fā)生的狀況did a. he must be a student in this school, isnt he ? b. you must be tired, arent you ? c. they must be doing their lessons right now, arent they ? d. you must have met him at the party yesterday, didnt you ? .陳述局部有must表示有必要時, 疑問局部用neednt提問

12、a. you must go home right now, neednt you ? 3.其他問題: .陳述局部謂語出現(xiàn)有否認詞綴的動詞時, 疑問局部仍用否認構(gòu)造 a. he is unfit for his office, isnt he ? .陳述局部含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否認詞或半否認詞時, 疑問局部要用確定形式 a. he hardly knows english, does he ? .陳述局部的主語是i時, 疑問局部中否認常用arent i. a. i am your friend,

13、arent i ? .陳述局部是i ( dont ) think / believe / suppose / expect that.(即否認轉(zhuǎn)移句)時, 疑問局部要依據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來作 a. i think he can finish the work, cant he ? b. i dont think he can finish the work, can he ? 其次十章：挺直引語與間接引語 一.挺直引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換: 1.挺直引語是陳述句, 變成間接引語時將陳述句變成that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 a. mary said, i arrived yesterday. =mar

14、y said that she had arrived the day before. b. alice said, ive just got a letter from my father. =alice said that she had just got a letter from her father. 2.挺直引語是一般疑問句, 變成間接引語時, 把一般疑問句變成由if / whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 同時將語序改成陳述語序, said變成asked, asked后沒有間接賓語時, 要加一個間接賓語如me / him /her等 a. jane asked tom, have y

15、ou finished writing the report ? =jane asked tom if / whether he had finished writing the report. b. jane asked dick, have you finished writing the report ? =jane asked dick if / whether he had finished writing the report. 3.挺直引語是特別疑問句, 變成間接引語時, 特別疑問句變成由原疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 同時變成陳述語序 a. what are you doing ja

16、ck ? mary asked. =mary asked him what he was doing. b. they asked him, when do you harvest the wheat ? =they asked him when he harvested the wheat. c. when did you leave shanghai ? peter asked me. =peter asked me when i left shanghai. 4.挺直引語是祈使句, 變成間接引語時, 把祈使句變成一個不定式短語, 同時依據(jù)不同的口氣選用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語動詞, 構(gòu)成ask / t

17、ell / order sb (not) to do sth.的構(gòu)造 a. dont come late again. he said. =he told me not to come late again. b. turn the oil over, please. he said. =he asked me to turn the soil over. c. the farmer said, dont grow plants in the same place year after year. =the farmer told me not to grow plants in the sa

18、me place year after year. 二.應(yīng)留意的問題: 在挺直引語變成間接引語時要留意以下問題 1.人稱代詞, 物主代詞要作相應(yīng)的改變, 這方面的改變與漢語的習(xí)慣完全一樣 a. he said, i like it very much. =he said that he liked it very much. b. he said, i have left my book in your room. =he said he had left his book in my room. 2.時態(tài)的改變: 假如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時, 挺直引語變成間接引語時, 從句的謂語動詞在時

19、態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的改變(見下表); 假如主句的謂語動詞是如今時, 從句的時態(tài)無需改變 挺直引語間接引語 一般如今時he said, i am afraid i cant finish this work一般過去時he said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work 如今進展時he said, i am using the knife.過去進展時he said that he was using the knife. 如今完成時she said, i have not heard from him since may.過去完成時she sai

20、d that she had not heard from him since may. 一般過去時he said, i came to help you.過去完成時he said that he had come to help me. 過去完成時he said, i had finished my homework before supper.過去完成時he said that he had finished his homework before supper. 一般將來時zhou lan said, i will do it after class.過去將來時zhou lan said

21、 that she would do it after class. 3.某些指示代詞, 時間狀語, 地點狀語和動詞要做相應(yīng)的改變: 挺直引語間接引語 this she said, i will come this morning.thatshe said that she would go that morning. thesehe said, these books are mine.thosehe said that those books were his. nowhe said, it is nine oclock now.thenhe said that it was nine o

22、clock then. todayhe said, i havent seen her today.that dayhe said that he hadnt seen her that day. yesterdayshe said, i went there yesterday.the day beforeshe said that she had gone there the day before. tomorrowshe said, i will go there tomorrow.the next / following dayshe said that she would go th

23、ere the next day. herehe said, my sister was here three days ago.therehe said that his sister had been there three days before. comeshe said, i will come here this evening.goshe said that she would go there that evening. agohe said, i went there three days ago.beforehe said that he had gone there th

24、ree days before. last nighthe said, i saw the film last night.the night beforehe said that he had seen the film the night before. next weekhe said, the meeting will be held next week.the next weekhe said that the meeting would be held the next week. 4.挺直引語假如是客觀真理, 變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 時態(tài)不變, 如: a. he said, light

25、 travels much faster than sound. =he said that light travels much faster than sound. 5.假如在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述, here不必改為there, come不必改為go, yesterday / tomorrow等時間狀語也不必轉(zhuǎn)變 高中英語語法：主謂倒裝 一.總述: 參看 語法框架中 前置與倒裝局部 二.倒裝主要用于以下情形之下: 1.含有否認含義的連詞或副詞或詞組(如: not, not only, never, little, seldom, hardly, hardly.when., no sooner. tha

26、n. , at no time, neither, nor, never before, not until等)位于句首時, 常用局部倒裝的語序 a. not a single mistake did he make in the exam. b. never shall i forget day when i was with her. c. not only can he play the piano, but he also can write songs. d. hardly had i reached the bus stop when the bus started. e. lit

27、tle does she know what may happen. f. seldom have i met her recently. g. not until after the war did he return home. h. no sooner had i reached home than it began to rain heavily. not only.but also.連接兩個主語時, not only即使是在句首, 也不用倒裝語序 a. not only the students but also the teachers went there to listen t

28、o the lecture. 2.由于主語太長或為了強調(diào)而將地點狀語(多為介詞短語)或表語前置時, 多用全部倒裝的語序 a. in a lecture hall of a university in england sits a professor. b. outside the classroom stood a boy. c. behind the farmhouse was a big tree. d. on the blackboard were the words written in english: welcome to our class ! e. under the big

29、tree was sitting an old farmer. f. at the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 3.only修飾的狀語位于句首時, 用局部倒裝的語序 a. only then did i realize that i was wrong. b. only in this way can you learn it by heart. c. only after the country was liberated in 1949 was he able to live a happy life. 4.有時為強調(diào)或表達生動, 將no

30、w, here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副詞前置, 句子用全部倒裝的語序 a. now comes your turn. b. here comes the taxi. c. there goes the bell. d. out rushed the school boys. e. away flew the birds. f. down came the rain. g. the door burst open and in rushed a stranger. 在以上狀況下, 當(dāng)主語為代詞時, 主謂不倒裝 a. there it is. b. aw

31、ay he went. 5.用于以so開頭表示 也, 以neither / nor開頭表示 也不的句型 .句型 so+不完全動詞+主語表示 也, 即上文所述的確定狀況對于本句的主語來說也是如此 a. they went to the summer palace last sunday. so did we. b. he has been to the great wall. so have i. .句型 neither / nor+不完全動詞+主語表示 也不, 即上文所述的否認狀況對于本句的主語來說也不如此 a. i didnt do my homework yesterday evening

32、. neither / nor did he. b. the students are not in the classroom. neither / nor was the teacher. 6.挺直引語前置時, 假如主語是名詞, 常用全部倒裝的語序; 假如主語是代詞, 往往不用倒裝語序 a. you all did well in the exam. said the teacher. b. who are you looking for? she asked / asked mary. c. that is unfair ! shouted the man / he shouted. 7

33、.用于以were, had, should等詞開頭的虛擬條件句(參看 虛擬語氣局部) a. had you asked me, i would have told you everything. =if you had asked me, i would have told you everything. b. were he here, we would be able to solve the problem. =if he were here, we would be able to solve the problem. c. should you change your mind, l

34、et me know. =if you should change your mind, let me know. 8.在sothat和suchas的句型中, so / such前置時, 句子要用局部倒裝的語序 a. so shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it. =the lake is so shallow that no fish can live in it. b. such a good student was he that everyone liked him. =he was such a good student tha

35、t everyone liked him. 三.應(yīng)留意的問題: 留意倒裝句中的主謂全都問題. 因為在倒裝句中, 主語不在句首, 因此首先要弄清句子的主語是什么, 再確定謂語的形式 a. on the wall hangs a large picture. b. here are some books about english language learning. c. such were his words. a. there it is. b. away he went. 5.用于以so開頭表示 也, 以neither / nor開頭表示 也不的句型 .句型 so+不完全動詞+主語表示 也

36、, 即上文所述的確定狀況對于本句的主語來說也是如此 a. they went to the summer palace last sunday. so did we. b. he has been to the great wall. so have i. .句型 neither / nor+不完全動詞+主語表示 也不, 即上文所述的否認狀況對于本句的主語來說也不如此 a. i didnt do my homework yesterday evening. neither / nor did he. b. the students are not in the classroom. neith

37、er / nor was the teacher. 6.挺直引語前置時, 假如主語是名詞, 常用全部倒裝的語序; 假如主語是代詞, 往往不用倒裝語序 a. you all did well in the exam. said the teacher. b. who are you looking for? she asked / asked mary. c. that is unfair ! shouted the man / he shouted. 7.用于以were, had, should等詞開頭的虛擬條件句(參看 虛擬語氣局部) a. had you asked me, i would

38、 have told you everything. =if you had asked me, i would have told you everything. b. were he here, we would be able to solve the problem. =if he were here, we would be able to solve the problem. c. should you change your mind, let me know. =if you should change your mind, let me know. 8.在sothat和suc

39、has的句型中, so / such前置時, 句子要用局部倒裝的語序 a. so shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it. =the lake is so shallow that no fish can live in it. b. such a good student was he that everyone liked him. =he was such a good student that everyone liked him. 三.應(yīng)留意的問題: 留意倒裝句中的主謂全都問題. 因為在倒裝句中, 主語不在句首, 因此首先要弄清

40、句子的主語是什么, 再確定謂語的形式 a. on the wall hangs a large picture. b. here are some books about english language learning. c. such were his words. 高中英語語法：狀語從句 一.定義: 在句中作狀語的從句就叫做狀語從句 二.分類: 狀語從句包括以下八類 1.時間狀語從句: 由when, while, as, before, after, since, till / until, as soon as等引導(dǎo) a. i shall tell him the good news

41、 when he comes. 2.緣由狀語從句: 由because, as, since, for等引導(dǎo) a. he didnt hear me because he was listening to the radio. b. since you are free today, you had better show me how to use the computer. 3.地點狀語從句: 由where等引導(dǎo) a. please put the book where it was after you finish reading it. 4.條件狀語從句: 由if, unless等引導(dǎo)

42、a. i will come to see you if i have time on sunday. 5.比擬或方式狀語從句: 由than, as, as if, as.as.等引導(dǎo) a. i know you do better than he does. b. the old worker runs very fast as if he were a young man. 6.目的狀語從句: 由so that, in order that等引導(dǎo) a. they set out early so that they could arrive at the station in good t

43、ime. 7.結(jié)果狀語從句: 由so, so that, so / such.that.等引導(dǎo) a. they set out early so that they arrived at the station in good time. b. he finished his work so well that the boss praised him in public. 8.讓步狀語從句: 由though / although, even if, whatever, whoever, whenever, no matter what / who等引導(dǎo) a. he is in very go

44、od health though he is old. b. they didnt stop working even if it began to rain hard. 三.應(yīng)留意的問題: 1.時間和條件狀語從句中常用一般時代替將來時 a. i will go and see a film if i have time tomorrow. b. i will tell the about it as soon as he comes back. c. he said he would go out for a walk when he finished his work. 2.狀語從句中可有

45、省略: 在一個含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句中, 假如主句和狀語從句的主語一樣, 或狀語從句的主語是it, 并且狀語從句的謂語含有be動詞時, 可以將狀語從句的主語和be一起省略掉 a. as (she was ) a child, she began to learn english. b. if ( he was ) alive, he must be at least ninety years old. c. although ( he was ) told to stop, he kept on working. d. if ( it is) necessary, ring me up. e. he didnt say a single word until ( h