新概念英語第二冊(cè)07課件

1、FBIFederal Bureau of Investigation 美國(guó)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局 Fidelity 忠誠(chéng)Bravery 勇敢Integrity 正直headquarterWashington，D.C.CIA Central Intelligence Agency 中央情報(bào)局 InformationVirginiaThis seal（圖章）（圖章） is one of the most identifiable symbols of the CIA vthe eaglevthe shield（盾）（盾）vcompass star the 16-pointv The eagle - stren

2、gth and alertness.v The 16-point compass star -the convergence of intelligencev The shield- the standard symbol of defenseShe is alert to every sound and movement. Pre-task What were detectives waiting at the airport? Where did two men take the parcel after the arrival of the plane? What did detecti

3、ve find in parcel?Because they were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.They took the parcel to the Customs House.They found stones and sand in the parcel. Where were the diamonds?Canny: 精明的，機(jī)敏的Trick : 軌跡，騙局Cheat：欺騙 The plane_ and detectives _at the airport all morning. They _a

4、 valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone_ the police that thieves _to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives _inside the main building while others _on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs

5、House. While two detectives _at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!was latewere waitingwere expectinghad toldwould trywere waitingwere waitingwere keeping guardNew words detective n. 偵探偵探 私家偵探私家偵探 發(fā)現(xiàn)者發(fā)現(xiàn)者 探測(cè)者探測(cè)者 adj: 1. 偵探的偵探的det

6、ective stories 偵探小說偵探小說 2. 偵查用的偵查用的;探測(cè)用的探測(cè)用的detective methods 偵查方法偵查方法 expect vt.&vi. 預(yù)計(jì)，預(yù)料 Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected. 正如他老師所預(yù)料的那樣，吉姆數(shù)學(xué)考試沒及格。 vt. 等待，期待，盼望（心理上的等待）They are expecting guests tonight. 今晚有人要去他們那里作客。 expect所表示的等待一般暗含著根據(jù)某些信息或規(guī)律而作出相應(yīng)反應(yīng)的意思，而wait for 主要持續(xù)“等待”這個(gè)動(dòng)作本身

7、。 expect sth. I expect a letter from Jimmy.expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 I expect you to write back.I expect my mother to come back.wait for sth./sb. 動(dòng)作上的等待 I wait for my mother.expect vt. 認(rèn)為，猜想（一般用于口語） I expect so./I think so. 我希望如此口語 I expect youve heard the news. 我想你已經(jīng)聽到這個(gè)消息了。 expectation n .1. 期

8、待期待;預(yù)期預(yù)期The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone. 那條狗搖著尾巴那條狗搖著尾巴,巴望吃肉骨頭。巴望吃肉骨頭。 2. 期望期望,預(yù)期的事物預(yù)期的事物The reward fell short of our expectations. 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)不符我們的希望。獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)不符我們的希望。 3. 前程前程a young artist with great expectations 有遠(yuǎn)大前程的青年藝術(shù)家有遠(yuǎn)大前程的青年藝術(shù)家Great Expectations 遠(yuǎn)大前程遠(yuǎn)大前程孤星血淚孤星血淚 Charles John Huffam Dicken

9、s Pip orphan Realistic Crime social class empire ambition. value1.名詞名詞 n. . 重要性,益處 This dictionary is of little value to you. 這本詞典對(duì)你沒有什么幫助。 .價(jià)值;價(jià)格 The value of the dollar may fall. 美元的幣值可能下降。 . 等值;等價(jià)物 This car is good value for your money. 這輛汽車你買得很合算。 . 價(jià)值觀,價(jià)值基準(zhǔn)His values seem old-fashioned. 他的價(jià)值觀念似

10、乎陳舊了。 Appreciation 升值升值Devaluation 貶值貶值 2.及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 vt. . 估價(jià),評(píng)價(jià) That watch was valued at $100. 那只表估計(jì)值一百美元。 I value this necklace at $5,000. 我估計(jì)這條項(xiàng)鏈值五千美元。 . 尊重;重視,珍視 My father values honesty beyond all things. 我父親把誠(chéng)實(shí)看得比什么都重要。 valuable 形容詞形容詞 a. 1. 值錢的,貴重的He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birth

11、day present. 他給我買了一只貴重的鉆戒作生日禮物。 2. 有用的,有價(jià)值的 This experience is valuable to me. 這一經(jīng)歷對(duì)我很有用。 3. 可估價(jià)的 valueless adj. 沒有價(jià)值, 不足道的 precious 形容詞形容詞 a. 1. 貴重的,寶貴的,珍貴的He has sent me most precious gifts. 他送給我極為珍貴的禮物。 Time is precious. 時(shí)間是寶貴的。 2. 可愛的,珍愛的,寶貝的His children are very precious to him. 他極疼愛自己的孩子。 Diam

12、ond n 鉆石 金剛石 diamond ring 鉆石戒指 precious stone 寶石 crystal krstl 水晶 jade ded 玉Stolen-planesteal（stole，stolen） v. 偷及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 vt. 1. 偷,竊取I think someone has stolen my jacket. 我認(rèn)為有人偷了我的夾克。 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 vi. 1. 偷東西,行竊2. 偷偷地行動(dòng);溜He stole into the house. 他偷偷溜進(jìn)屋內(nèi)。 rob 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 vt. 1. 搶劫,劫掠,盜取 They robbed the jewe

13、lry store in broad daylight. 他們?cè)诠馓旎罩聯(lián)尳倭四羌抑閷毜辍?2. 非法剝奪,使喪失(+of)They robbed the people of their liberty. 他們奪走了人民的自由。 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 vi. 1. 搶劫 He said he would not rob again. 他說他再也不搶劫了。 main 形容詞形容詞 a. 1. 主要的,最重要的She noted down the main points of the speech. 她把演說的要點(diǎn)記了下來。 2. 盡力的,全力的Main 不與人連用不與人連用 main bui

14、lding；main street；main sentence；main idea;guard n. 警戒, 守衛(wèi) life guard 救生員 body guard 保鏢 point guard 控球后衛(wèi) stand guard 站崗，放哨 keep guard 守望，警戒 They kept a close guard over the thieves. 他們對(duì)小偷們嚴(yán)加看管。 keep guard 守衛(wèi)I was washing the dishes at six yesterday.We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon

15、.本課主要語法本課主要語法用法：過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生用法：過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生 的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語：常用時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time, at ten oclock yesterday, from two to four yesterday afternoon.動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成： was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(The Past Continuous)肯定式肯定式疑問式疑問式否定式否定式I/ He / She /It was working.Was I/ he /s

16、he /it working?I/ He /She /it was not (wasnt) working.We/You/They were working.Were we/ you /they working?We/You/They were not (werent) working.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式（以動(dòng)詞work為例）：特殊疑問句舉例： What were you doing this time yesterday? What was he doing when his mother was cooking? 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)經(jīng)常同在一個(gè)句子里使用。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的

17、動(dòng)作或情況，一般過去時(shí)則表示比較短暫的動(dòng)作或事件。正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作或情況往往由連詞when，while，as，just as等引導(dǎo)。when，while 當(dāng)時(shí)候（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）while+從句, 動(dòng)詞一定是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞when+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞/瞬間動(dòng)詞while 能用when 代替，但是when 卻不一定能用while 代替。while 通常只引導(dǎo)持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，并且主句和從句可以同時(shí)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而when 和as一般不這么用。 Just as I was leaving the house, you came in. John was watching TV while his wife

18、 was talking with a neighbour over the phone.when 也可以引導(dǎo)比較短暫的動(dòng)作，while和as則一般不行。We were having supper when the lights went out. (go out 熄滅) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如all morning，all night，all day，all evening，the whole week等，表示這段時(shí)間一直在干什么。 What were you doing all evening? I couldnt find you anywhere.過去動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的

19、時(shí)態(tài) 過去兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生, 習(xí)慣上一個(gè)用一般過去時(shí), 另一個(gè)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；動(dòng)作長(zhǎng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),動(dòng)作短用一般過去時(shí); 分工的情況, 動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間和結(jié)束時(shí)間幾乎相同, 均用過去進(jìn)行時(shí);I was listening to the radio, my sister was dancing.When my mother was doing the housework, my father was watching TV. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在同時(shí)段進(jìn)行, 在不同時(shí)間結(jié)束, 先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作未結(jié)束, 另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生, 先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài), 另一個(gè)動(dòng)作用過去時(shí).When I was opening the do

20、or, the telephone rang.先開門When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 電話先響 瞬間動(dòng)詞（如：arrive）沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài), 所以兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生, 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài), 瞬間動(dòng)詞使用過去時(shí)態(tài).When he arrived, I was having dinner. I am arriving 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將要The present perfect tense:Have / has + the past participleI have received a letter from Lily recently

21、.Has he handed in her homework yet?He has just gone to Beijing.They have never been to the USA.We have lived here for ten years.past perfect tense過去完成時(shí)由過去完成時(shí)由had +過去分詞構(gòu)成過去分詞構(gòu)成 表示過去的過去表示過去的過去生的動(dòng)作生的動(dòng)作 構(gòu)成方式構(gòu)成方式:肯定句肯定句: had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 否定句否定句: had not+ 過去分詞過去分詞一般疑問句一般疑問句:had+ 主語主語+ 過去分詞過去分詞肯定回答肯定回答:

22、Yes, 主語主語+ had. 否定回答否定回答: No, 主語主語+ hadnt.基本用法:1. 1. 過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn). .(1) 我說自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰我說自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰 而生氣而生氣.(2) 我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了.I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.The film h

23、ad begun before we got to the cinema.2. 2. 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間以前開始一直過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間以前開始一直延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和byby或或since, forsince, for引導(dǎo)的表時(shí)間的從句或短語連用引導(dǎo)的表時(shí)間的從句或短語連用, ,但必須要與一個(gè)表示過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相對(duì)照但必須要與一個(gè)表示過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相對(duì)照. .1. 1. 他來我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年他來我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年. .2. 2. 當(dāng)當(dāng)MillieMillie到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候到達(dá)電影院的

24、時(shí)候, , 電影已經(jīng)開始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了電影已經(jīng)開始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了. .3. 3. 自從他離開南京我們就一直沒有見過面自從他離開南京我們就一直沒有見過面. . He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.We hadnt seen each other since he left Nanjing.3. 3. 過去完成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完過去完

25、成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作成的動(dòng)作. . 過去的時(shí)間由過去的時(shí)間由before, after, before, after, whenwhen引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來. .1. 1. 我在你回來之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了我在你回來之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了. .2. 2. 當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí)當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí), , 已經(jīng)開始上課了已經(jīng)開始上課了. .3. 3. 在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了. .I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.The class had begun when I got to

26、 school.He had left before I got home.4.4.在在told, said, knew, heard, thoughttold, said, knew, heard, thought等等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一般用過去完成動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一般用過去完成時(shí)。時(shí)。1. 1. 她說她從來沒有去過巴黎。她說她從來沒有去過巴黎。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.2. 2. 我覺得我以前見過他。我覺得我以前見過他。I thought that I had seen him before.3. 3. TomTom說

27、他借了這本書兩周了。說他借了這本書兩周了。Tom said he had borrowed the book for 2 weeks.kept5. 5. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, hope, wish, expect, think, mean, supposeexpect, think, mean, suppose等，用過等，用過去完成時(shí)表示去完成時(shí)表示“原本原本，未能，未能”。 1.1.結(jié)果比我們想象的要好。結(jié)果比我們想象的要好。 The result was better than what we had expected.2. 我們期望你會(huì)來的，但是你沒

28、有來。我們期望你會(huì)來的，但是你沒有來。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.試作比較：昨天我見到王先生了自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見昨天我見到王先生了自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。過面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left Beijing.自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。 We have not seen each other since he left Beijing. 試比較：試比較：1.

29、 我在這工作我在這工作已經(jīng)已經(jīng)五年了。五年了。2. 到到2005年年8月，我在這工作月，我在這工作已經(jīng)已經(jīng)五年了。五年了。過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去, , 但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響的結(jié)果或造成的影響, ,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān). . 其結(jié)構(gòu)為其結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have/has+have/has+過去分詞過去分詞”; ; 過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)態(tài), , 它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去, ,更強(qiáng)調(diào)更強(qiáng)調(diào)”過去的過去的過去過去

30、”, ,只有和過去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)只有和過去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí), ,才用到它才用到它. . 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了30003000個(gè)單詞個(gè)單詞. .到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了30003000個(gè)英語單詞個(gè)英語單詞. .I I have learnedhave learned 3000 English words so far. 3000 English words so far. I I had learnedhad learned 3000 English words till then. 3000 English words till then. 過

31、去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 1. 時(shí)間狀語不同時(shí)間狀語不同過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去過去的過去”，而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過，而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間去某一特定的時(shí)間 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. ( (說明不到點(diǎn)就在車站了）說明不到點(diǎn)就在車站了） They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.( (說明點(diǎn)到車站的）說明點(diǎn)到車站的）2) 2) 在沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語做標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語在沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語做標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞

32、動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一斷，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí)般過去時(shí)I had finished my homework before my mother came back.在媽媽回來前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。在媽媽回來前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作用當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作用and或或but連連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序只需用一般過去時(shí)代替只需用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這過去完成時(shí)；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示時(shí)間的先后，因此也些連詞本

33、身已經(jīng)表示時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí) He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.More practiceWhen I arrived there, they_(leave) already.The film_(start),when we got to the cinema.I _(read) the book before I started school.The

34、y thought that they_(try) their best.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.I _ (not realize) she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.had lefthad startedhad readhad triedhad passed awayhadnt realized Grammar:Past Future TenseThe past future tense means that someth

35、ing was going to happen at some time later than a certain time in the past.過去將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成：過去將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成：should/would + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形was/were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形should用于第一人稱用于第一人稱would用于所有人稱用于所有人稱過去將來時(shí)的用法：過去將來時(shí)的用法：1.表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的動(dòng)作或存在的 狀態(tài)。表示贊許狀態(tài)。表示贊許、厭煩厭煩等情緒等情緒He said he would come back the ne

36、xt day.I told them that I would go to Shanghai for holiday.Whenever he had time, he would do some reading.2. 用用“was/were going to + 動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形”, 表示過去打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事表示過去打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事He said he was going to see her this afternoon.We didnt know whether they were going to give us a talk this afternoon.請(qǐng)你觀察過去將來時(shí)態(tài)的用法

37、：請(qǐng)你觀察過去將來時(shí)態(tài)的用法：1. 過去將來時(shí)常用于過去將來時(shí)常用于賓語從句賓語從句中中 We didnt know whether they were going to give us a talk this afternoon. I didnt know when he would leave for Shanghai.2. 過去將來時(shí)常用于過去將來時(shí)常用于間接引語間接引語中中 He said he would come back the next day. He told me that he would go back soon.學(xué)習(xí)過去將來時(shí)需要注意的問題：學(xué)習(xí)過去將來時(shí)需要注意的問

38、題：1. 過去將來時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)的用法區(qū)別過去將來時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)的用法區(qū)別 I _(write) a letter next week. She said she _ (write) a letter the next week.will write/shall write/am going to writewould write/was going to write2. 過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別 He said the plane_ (leave) the already when he got to the airport. Li Ming said Bruce _(visit) Shijiazhuang the ne