英語(yǔ)高考復(fù)習(xí)——形式主語(yǔ)

1、 英語(yǔ)高考復(fù)習(xí)形式主語(yǔ)1. 形式主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的一種,它也是邏輯主語(yǔ), 可以把它歸類到邏輯主語(yǔ)的第一種(不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)) 用作賓語(yǔ)的不定式，用作目的狀語(yǔ)，用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式都是屬于不定式的大概念里面的。2作為形式主語(yǔ)的it并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)義，只是為滿足語(yǔ)法上的需要，避免句子頭重腳輕，它代替的是句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)，有如下情況： 1）句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)為不定式如：It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own. 2） 句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)為從句如： It suddenly occurred to me that the message mu

2、st have been hidden between the layers of the briefcase. 3）句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)這類句子遠(yuǎn)不如前面兩種出現(xiàn)率高，主要在（no good, waste, useless, no use, dangerous）等詞語(yǔ)的后面用 如 ：It is no good reading in dim light. 注：作形式主語(yǔ)的代詞只能用it ，不能用that，this等詞。例如: 3it 作形式主語(yǔ)的基本構(gòu)架1） It + is/was + adj./n. (形容詞或名詞) +to do sth. A. 名詞作表語(yǔ)。主要有a pity, a

3、pleasure, an idea等。 例如： It is a good idea to think this way. 除be外，其他動(dòng)詞也有跟名詞的情況。例如： It requires efforts to master a foreign language. 形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。 分兩種情況： 1) 下列形容詞： kind, good, nice, clever, wrong, right ,foolish, wise, unwise, stupid, rude, careless, cruel, brave, naughty, polite, selfish等詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前

4、?？杉右粋€(gè)由of引起的短語(yǔ)，來(lái)說(shuō)明不定式指的是誰(shuí)的情況。形容詞表示不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的特征，即形容詞用來(lái)描述不定式行為者的性格、品行等。例如： It was brave of her to speak out in public.這種of sb. to do sth. 句型，of 的賓語(yǔ)可以作句子的主語(yǔ)。上面句子可以改寫(xiě)為： She was brave to speak out in public. 2) 其他形容詞作表語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：necessary, hard， important, difficult, easy, possible，common等。例如： It is necessar

5、y to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. 3）. It + v. + to do sth. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)除動(dòng)詞be以外，動(dòng)詞take, cost， need, require, make, sound, occur 等也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面。例如： It needed hard work to finish the job.It didn,t occur to me to ask him to help me. 4）Its n.(名詞或名詞短語(yǔ))/adj.(形容詞) doing sth. 1)下列形

6、容詞后常用動(dòng)名詞作真正主語(yǔ)：nice, good, useless, hard, foolish, enjoyable, worthwhile等。例如： Its foolish behaving like that. 這樣的表現(xiàn)是很愚蠢的。 It is useless doing that. 那樣做沒(méi)用。 注：下列名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)常用動(dòng)名詞作真正主語(yǔ)：use, good, fun, a waste of, job, task等。 5）. It is n.clause: It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the questio

7、n.6). It is adj.clause : It is probable that he has known everything.7). It vclause: It made us very happy that she was saved.8). It be + 分詞從句: It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.注：大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句都可以用 it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)。例如： It says in the newspaper that the enemy has been defeated

8、. Drill 基礎(chǔ)部分Choose the correct answer.1.Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he2.I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it3. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. th

9、at C. he D. it4. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help. A. he B. which C. she D. it5. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It6. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these

10、 D. them7. Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful.A. take as granted B. take this for grantedC. take that for granted D. take it for granted8. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one提

11、高部分Choose the best answer.1. _ happened _ he is unfit for the office.A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that2. We took _ for granted that they would accept our advice.A. that B. this C. it D. them3. _ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?A. Is true B. Is it true C. Its true

12、D. Its truly4. _ doesnt matter much _ dress you are going to wear.A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who5. _ is going to America for further study.A. He is said that B. People said that heC. It was said he D. It is said that he6. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each

13、other so well.A. This B. That C. There D. It7. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. this B. there C. that D. it8. She liked _ when he kissed her.A. him B. that C. one D. it9. _ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.A. It B. There C. Those D. One10. We think _ our duty to p

14、ay taxes to our government.A. that B. this C. its D. it進(jìn)階部分Translate the following sentences into English.1. 學(xué)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)非常重要。_2. 你昨天沒(méi)嘗杏仁蛋糕真遺憾。_3看來(lái)湯姆可能會(huì)改變主意。_4.他下周出國(guó)是真的嗎？_5.從青島坐火車到北京一般要花多久時(shí)間？_Object Clause Pivots:1. 在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)： 1）.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。 2）.主

15、句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。 3）.主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 3賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞1）從屬連詞 連接賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether. Athat引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句, Bif和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句. He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 2）連接代詞 連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whom

16、ever 連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what, whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 3)連接副詞 連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didnt tell me when we should meet again. . 4.動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句1)大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. He told

17、us that they would help us through the whole work. 2) 可運(yùn)用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句 動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句

18、時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it 這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 5.介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句1)用wh-類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句 The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 2)用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句 3)有時(shí)

19、候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見(jiàn)到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 6.形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的形容詞:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 7. Transferred negation (轉(zhuǎn)移式否定)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是thi

20、nk,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致. I dont think he will come to my party. 注: 如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? Drill 基礎(chǔ)部分Choose the correct answer.( ) 1 The

21、 girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D.

22、are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled( ) 6. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 7. I dont know _ they have p

23、assed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 8. I hardly understand._ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 9. She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be( ) 10.I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.whe

24、n提高部分Choose the best answer.( ) 1. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how( ) 2. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose( ) 3.They dont know _their parents are.A that B what C why D whichA that B what C why D which( ) 4.Please tell me _what

25、last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked ( ) 5.She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( ) 6. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your m

26、other say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( ) 7. Did you know _?A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after( ) 8. Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will

27、leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing進(jìn)階部分Rewrite the following sentences as required.1Does MrBrown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改寫(xiě)句子） Could you tell us _ MrBrown _ living in China？ 2“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3Jim is not a s

28、tudentTom is not a student，either（合并為一個(gè)句子） _ Jim _ Tom is a student 4When does the train leave？I want to know（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句） I want to know _ the train _ 5They went home after they had finished their homework（用notuntil改寫(xiě)） They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6Did Peter come here yesterday

29、？Li Lei wants to know（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句） Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday Find out the mistakes of the following sentences and correct them, mark T for correct sentences.Could you tell me where is Swan Hotel please._1. I dont know how many nectarines does he have？_2. Let me know whether he wi

30、ll come and not_3. Gary hasnt decided whether visit the summer palace._4. The teacher said that the earth moved round the sun_ 5. Im interested in whether she studies semiconductor as I want to learn something for it._寫(xiě)作假定你是Sam，希望通過(guò)外籍教師Peter找一個(gè)英語(yǔ)筆友。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一封短信，描述一下你理想中筆友的條件，并說(shuō)明為什么選這樣的筆友。具體條件包括：年齡；性別；愛(ài)好（旅

31、游、運(yùn)動(dòng)、寵物等）。注意：1詞數(shù)150字以上； 2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好。 4. 文章需采用1個(gè)以上的object clause.Dear Peter,Im writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor._ 綜合部分閱讀理解Fluency(流利) in another language is one of the most important aims of a newcomer to another country. In addition, understanding the culture and

32、learning to communicate comfortably with people of that culture are as important as learning the rules of the language. Language learning and culture learning go together and may take a long time.Sometimes people feel that they understand a culture after a few weeks or months. People do learn a lot

33、when they first begin living in another culture, but this is only the first stage of learning. It usually involves things like learning everyday activities and some basic customs.To really understand another culture, people have to go beyond the first stage, This is challenge (挑戰(zhàn)) because it is ofte

34、n difficult to know what to learn. Much of what we call “culture” is hard to see.Culture is like an iceberg. Picture in your mind a huge iceberg in the ocean. The only part of the iceberg that you see is the tip. You dont see the rest of the iceberg because it is hidden from sight in the water. It i

35、s easy to forget that it is there. Most of the iceberg is deep within the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep within its people.When you meet someone from another culture，certain culture differences are very clear: You hear another language or you hear your own language spoken with an accent. Y

36、ou see different foods, clothes and sometimes physical characteristics of people. You notice new customs or habits, such as the use of chopsticks, and, bowing or kissing on both cheeks as a greeting. These differences are interesting and important, but they are usually not too difficult to understan

37、d. They are visible so they are seen easily and quickly.The part of culture that is like the underwater part of the iceberg consists of assumptions (設(shè)想), communication styles, values, and beliefs about what is right and wrong. The hidden part of culture affects much of a persons way of thinking and

38、communicating. It is the meaning behind his or her verbal (言語(yǔ)的) and nonverbal language. Learning to communicate well with people from another culture involves becoming aware of the hidden part of culture.1.Whats the subject of this passage? A. Learning about culture. B. Language learning. C. The hid

39、den part of the iceberg. D. Fluency in another language.2.What is learning about culture? A. Learning the hidden part of the iceberg, which is underwater. B. Learning everyday activities and some basic customs. C. Learning the culture of an iceberg. D. Learning the visible and also the hidden differences of culture.3.Whats the writers opinion? A. Communicat