無線通信5G介紹英文論文ABriefIntroductionAbout5GNetwork

1、.a brief introduction about 5g networkjiaabstractwith the rapid development of wireless technologies, theconcept of the fifth generation (5g) wireless communication system started to emerge. but most people know little about 5g，including some aspects of 5g wireless communication networks ,just like

2、what 5g is about: what are the building blocks of core 5g system concept, what are the main challenges and how to tackle them. besides, a number of countries and organizations working on 5g, 5g development situation in china is of concern to everyone, china also needs to have its own place in such a

3、 competitive environment.keywords:5g network, history, core concept, challenges, solutions, in china精品.table of content1. introduction- 3 -2. research and development history- 3 -3. core concept- 4 -4. challenges and solutions- 5 -4.1 5g transport challenge- 6 -4.2 5g transport challenge and some so

4、lutions- 7 -4.3 machine to machine communication- 7 -4.3 core network virtualisation- 8 -4.4 summary- 8 -5. 5g in china- 9 -5.5.1 white paper- 9 -5.5.2 5g standards- 9 -5.5.3 china communications companies- 9 -5.5.4 summary- 10 -6. conlusion- 10 -7. acronyms- 11 -8. references- 11 -精品.1. introductio

5、n5g (fifth-generation mobile communications) is a new generation of mobile communication mobile communication systems for 2020, with high spectral efficiency and low power consumption, in terms of transfer rate and resource utilization improvement over 4g system 10 times, its wireless coverage perfo

6、rmance and user experience will be significantly improved. 5g will be closely integrated with other wireless mobile communication technology, constitute a new generation of ubiquitous mobile information network, to meet future mobile internet traffic 1000x development needs in 10 years.1in this pape

7、r i will show you some latest research and development history,what are the building blocks of core 5g system concept, what are the main challenges and how to tackle them firstly. in the rest of paper i will show how 5g development in china in recent years and my conclusion after research literature

8、.2. research and development historyfebruary 2013, the eu announced that it would grant 50 million euros to accelerate the development of 5g mobile technology, plans to launch a mature standard in 2020. 23may 13,2013,south korea's samsung electronics co., ltd. announced that it has successfully

9、developed the 5th generation mobile communication (5g) core technology, which is expected to begin in 2020 to commercialization. the technology can transmit data at ultra-high frequency 28ghz to 1gbps per second speed, and the maximum transmission distance of up to 2 km. in contrast, the current fou

10、rth generation long term evolution (4glte) and services of only the transmission rate 75mbps. prior to the transmission bottleneck is widely believed that a technical problem, while samsung electronics is the use of 64 adaptive array antenna elements transmission technology to crack this problem. co

11、mpared with the transmission speed of 4g technology in south korea, 5g technology is hundreds of times faster. using this technique, download a high-definition (hd) movie just need 10 seconds.back in 2009, huawei has launched the early research related technologies, and to show the prototype of the

12、5g base in later years.in november 6, 2013,huawei announced that it would invest $600 million in 2018 for the 5g technology development and innovation, and predicted that users will enjoy 20gbps commercial 5g mobile networks in 2020.may 8, 2014, the japanese telecom operator ntt docomo announced off

13、icially, 精品.ericsson ,nokia, samsung and other six manufacturers to work together, began testing override 1000 times than existing 4g networks the carrying capacity of the high-speed network 5g network, the transmission speed is expected to 10gbps. outdoor testing scheduled to commence in 2015, and

14、expects to begin operations in 2020.3march 1, 2015, the british "daily mail" reported that the british 5g network has successfully developed and tested for data transmission within 100 meters per second data transfer of up to 125gb, is 6.5 times the 4g network, in theory, a 30 seconds to d

15、ownload movies, adding that investment in public test in 2018, 2020 officially put into commercial use.4february 11, 2015 in the afternoon news, imt-2020 (5g) to promote the group (hereinafter referred to as "advance group") held a conference in beijing 5g concept of white paper. white pap

16、er from the mobile internet and networking composed mainly of application scenarios, business needs and challenges of starting summed continuous wide area coverage, high reliability of the four major technology 5g scene of high capacity, low power consumption and low latency connection. meanwhile, t

17、he combination of core technologies and key capabilities 5g and 5g concept proposed by the "flag sexuality index + a set of key technologies" common definition.march 3,2015,the european economic and social commission for digital furusawa ottinge officially announced the eu's vision of

18、public-private partnerships 5g, and strive to ensure that the right to speak in the next generation of mobile technology in europe in the global standard.ottinger said that, 5g vision of public-private partnership involves not only fiber, wireless or satellite communications network integrated with

19、each other, will also use the software-defined networking (sdn), network functions virtualization (nfv), mobile edge computing (mec) and fog computing technology. in the spectrum, the eu's vision of public-private partnership will be designated 5g hundreds of megahertz to improve network perform

20、ance, 60 ghz and higher frequency bands will also be taken into account.a number of countries and organizations announced, 5g network will be operational between 2020 2025.3. core conceptwhat is 5g? i believe many people will be so questionable when see 5g. judging from the word meaning, 5g refers t

21、o the fifth generation of mobile communications. however, how should it define? currently, the global industry for 5g concept not yet agreed. china imt-2020 (5g) group released the white paper considers the concept 5g, 5g integrated key capabilities and core technology, 5g concept by "精品.import

22、ant targets" and "a group of key technologies" to a common definition. among them, the flag indicators "gbps rate user experience" is a set of key technologies, including large-scale antenna array, ultra-dense networking, new multi-site, full-spectrum access and new network

23、architectures.recalling the course of development of mobile communications, each generation of mobile communication systems can be defined by sexual performance indicators and signs of key technologies. wherein, 1g using fdma, only analog voice services; 2g mainly using tdma, can provide voice and l

24、ow-speed digital data services; 3g to cdma technology is characterized by user peak rate of 2mbps to reach tens of mbps, support multimedia data services; 4g ofdma technology as the core, the user peak rate of up to 100mbps 1gbps, can support a variety of mobile broadband data services.5g key compet

25、encies richer than previous generations of mobile communications, user experience, speed, density of connections, end to end delay, the peak rate and mobility and so will be the 5g key performance indicators. however, unlike the case in the past only to emphasize different peak rate, the industry ge

26、nerally believe that the rate of the user experience is the most important performance indicators, it truly reflects the real data rate available to the user, and the user experience is the closest performance. based on the technology needs of the main scene 5g, 5g user experience rate should reach

27、gbps magnitude.faced with diverse scenes of extreme performance demands differentiation, 5g cannot have solutions for all scenarios. in addition, the current wireless technology innovation has diversified development trend, in addition to the new multi-access technology, large-scale antenna array, u

28、ltra-dense network, the whole spectrum access, the new network architecture, also is considered to be the main technical direction.5g can play a key role in the major technology scene. 5the new network architecturegbps user exerperience rateultra-dense networklarge-scale antenna arraynew multi-acces

29、s technologythe new network architecturefigure 1 - 5g concept map 精品.4. challenges and solutionsin this part i outline some observed research challengesand directions in the mobile network development and show some may become the future trends and solutions that may lead to improved network performa

30、nce while meeting the constantly increasing user demands.4.1 5g transport challengein order to understand the 5g transport challenges one must understand how 5g may evolve the radio access segment.among the various initiatives that are looking into 5g, we can defines 5g in terms of scenarios which t

31、he next generation wireless access networks will have to support. 6a total of five future scenarios have been defined,namely amazingly fast (users want to enjoy instantaneous network connectivity), great service in a crowd, ubiquitous things communicating (i.e., effective support to internet of thin

32、gs), super real time and reliable connections, and best experience follows you. each of these scenarios introduces a challenge . three of these challenges (i.e., very high data rate, very dense crowds of users and mobility) are more traditional in the sense that they are related to continued enhance

33、ment of user experience and supporting increasing traffic volumes and mobility. two emerging challenges, very low latency and very low energy, cost and massive number of devices, are associated with the application of wireless communications to new areas. future applications may be associated with o

34、ne or several of these scenarios imposing different challenges to the network. in metis twelve specific test cases were defined and mapped onto the five scenarios. the selected test cases essentially sample the space of future applications. once technical enablers that fulfill there quirements for t

35、hese test cases are defined, it is expected that other applications subject to the same fundamental challenges, will successfully be supported. as a consequence, defining technical enablers for the 5g test cases means also defining technical solutions to the 5g challenges.while metis7 is focused on

36、wireless access, the challenges defined for 5g are expected to impact also the transport. support for very high data rates will require both higher capacity radio access nodes as well as a densification of radio access sites. this, in turn, translates into a transport network that needs to support m

37、ore sites and higher capacity per site, i.e. huge traffic volumes. the great service in a crowd scenario will put requirements on the transport network to 精品.provide very high capacity on-demand to specific geographical locations. in addition, the best experience follows you scenario, suggests a cha

38、llenge in terms of fast reconfigurability of the transport resources. on the contrary, the other 5g challenges are not expected to play as important role for shaping the transport, as for example the case of very low latency and very low energy, cost and massive number of devices. a properly dimensi

39、oned transport network based on modern wireless and/or optical technologies is already today able to provide extremely low latency, i.e., the end-to-end delay contribution of the transport network is usually almost negligible. in addition, while a huge number of connected machines and devices will c

40、reate a challenge for the wireless network, it will most probably not significantly impact the transport. this is due to the fact that the traffic generated by a large number of devices over a geographical area will already be aggregated in the transport. the three scenarios for the transport networ

41、k described above are summarized along with their corresponding challenges and test cases. note that does not report all the original test cases but only those that pose challenges to the transport network. this information will be used later in the paper to identify the appropriate transport techno

42、logies.4.2 5g transport challenge and some solutionsthis section provides an overview of a number of transportoptions for 5g wireless networks. a 5g transport network can be divided in two different segments, i.e., small cell transportand metro/aggregation (fig. 2). the small cell transport segment

43、aggregates the traffic to/from the wireless small cells towards the metro/aggregation segment. different solutions in terms of technology (e.g., optics, wireless) and topology (e.g., tree, ring, mesh) are possible depending on the specific wireless access scenario. the metro/aggregation segment, on

44、the other hand, connects different site types (i.e., macro and/or small cells) among themselves and to the core network, the latter via the service edge (service node for the interconnection among different network domains). for the metro/aggregation segment one promising solution is represented by

45、a dense-wavelength-division multiplexing (dwdm)8 - centric network. in such a network, packet aggregation takes place at the edges of the network (e.g., at small/macro cells sites and at the service edge), while at center (i.e., between access and metro rings) switching is done completely in the opt

46、ical domain thanks to active optical elements such as wavelength selective switches (wsss) and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (roadms). it has already been demonstrated that dwdm-centric solutions have the potential to offer high capacity (in the order of tens to hundreds of gbps) and

47、lowe精品.r energy consumption than their packet-centric counterparts (i.e., with packet aggregation at the center of the network). 9 for this reason the dwdm-centric metro/aggregation concept may represent a good candidate for future 5g transport networks.104.3 machine to machine communicationmachine

48、to machine communication besides network evolution, we observe also device evolution that become more and more powerful. the future wireless landscape will serve not only mobile users through such devices as smartphones, tablets or game consoles but also a tremendous number of any other devices, suc

49、h as cars, smart grid terminals, health monitoring devices and household appliances that would soon require a connection to the internet. the number of connected devices will proliferate at a very high speed. it is estimated that the m2m traffic will increase 24-fold between 2012 and 2017 .11m2m com

50、munication is already today often used in fleet monitoring or vehicle tracking. possible future usage scenarios include a wide variety of e-health applications and devices, for instance new electronic and wireless apparatus used to address the needs of elderly people suffering from diseases like alz

51、heimers, or wearable heart monitors. such sensors would enable patient monitoring and aid doctors to observe patients constantly and treat them in a better way. it will also reduce the costs of treatment, as it can be doneremotely, without the need of going to a hospital.remote patient monitoring us

52、ing a body area network (ban), where a number of wireless sensors, both on-skin and implanted, record the patients health parameters and sends reports to a doctor, will soon become a reality and an important part of 5g paradigm. therefore, in order to offer e-health services, 5g will need to provide

53、 high bandwidth, meet extremely high quality of service (qos) requirements, e.g., ultra low latency and lossless video compression for medical purposes, and implement enhanced security mechanisms. furthermore, extended work will need to be done to efficiently manage radio resources, due to high dive

54、rsity of traffic types, ranging from the reports sent periodically by the meters, to high quality medical video transmission.4.3 core network virtualisationmoving towards 5g imposes changes not only in the radio access network (ran) but精品. also in the core network (cn), where new approaches to netwo

55、rk design are needed to provide connectivity to growing number of users and devices. the trend is to decouple hardware from software and move the network functions towards the latter one. software defined networking (sdn) being standardised by open networking foundation (onf) assumes separation of t

56、he control and data plane12. consequently, thanks to centralization and programmability, configuration of forwarding can be greatly automated.moreover, standardisation efforts aiming at defining network functions virtualisation (nfv) are conducted by multiple industrial partners including network op

57、erators and equipment vendors within etsi.13 introducing a new software based solution is much faster than installing an additional specialised device with a particular functionality. both solutions would improve the network adaptability and make it easily scalable. as a result of simpler operation,

58、 one can expect more dynamic and faster deployment of new network features.4.4 summaryi only list a partial of the challenges of 5g networks and possible solutions , in fact, before making a formal universal 5g are still many problems to be overcome, it also requires effort frontline researchers.5.

59、5g in china5.5.1 white paperfebruary 11, 2015，china released white paper about concept of 5g. it instantly make more people are concerned about 5g. people eager to 5g network as soon as possible. the white paper published, the concept from various angles, core competencies, technical characteristics of 5