英語中賓語從句用法及例句總結(jié)

1、賓語從句用法及其例句賓語從句用法時態(tài)：1. 主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任意時態(tài)。2. 主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態(tài)。3. 主句用過去時，從句是客觀真理時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。一、賓語從句的連接詞附屬連詞連接賓語從句的附屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句，if和whether引導(dǎo)表示"是否的一般疑問句的賓語從句He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).I don ' t know if there will be a bus any more

2、.我不知道是否還會有公交車Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試連接代詞連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等.連接代詞一般指疑問，但what, whatever 除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲？The book will show you what the best CEOs should kno

3、w.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么celHave you determ ined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokialphone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的 了嗎？連接副詞連接畐U詞主要有whe n,where,why,how,whe never,wherever,however等.He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面Could you please tell me how you use the new pan el?你能告訴我

4、怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到二、動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are str onger.我們都預(yù)料他們會贏 , 因為他們的隊員更強壯 .He told us that they would help us through the whole work. 他告訴我們在整個工作中 , 他們都會幫助的 . 局部“動詞 +副詞結(jié)構(gòu)也可

5、以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了 .Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎 ? 動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句 常見的這些詞有 :make sure 確保 make up one 's mind下決心 keep in mind 牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your pap

6、ers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤 . 可運用形式賓語 it 代替的賓語從句, 那么需要 動詞 find,feel,consider,make,believe 等后面有賓語補足語的時候 用 it 做形式賓語而將 that 賓語從句后置 .I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的 .I feel it a pity that I haven' t been to the get -together.我沒去聚會 , 感覺非

7、常遺憾 .I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣 .We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision abou t this mater.我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要 . 有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加 it 這類動詞主要有 :hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話 .He will

8、 have it that our plan is really practical.他會認(rèn)為我們的方案確實可行 . We take it that you will agree with us. 我們認(rèn)為你會同意我們的 .When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動機時 , 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置 .假設(shè)賓語從句是 wh- 類 , 那么不可用 it 代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的

9、.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的 .三、介詞的賓語從句用 wh- 類的介詞賓語從句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生參加我們的俱樂部 .The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up in to space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州 6 號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的 .用 that,if 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語

10、從句 有時候 except,but,besides 三個介詞后可見到 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work wit h a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班 , 其他一無所知 .四、形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam. 我確信我會通過考試 .I am sorr

11、y that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我這么長時間在打攪你 .He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很快樂在他生病的時候李明能去看望他 .五、 if,whether 在賓語從句中的區(qū)別 if 和 whether 在作“是否解時 , 引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞 know,ask,care, wonder,find out等之后 , 介詞后一般不用 if 少數(shù)動詞,如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether. whether后可以加 or not,

12、 但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用 whether.如：I c an' t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。 防止歧異時，我們常用 whether而不用if.六、 哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng) that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時；當(dāng)賓語從句較長時；當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾，賓語從句之前時；當(dāng)主語謂語動詞包括 非謂語動詞與賓語從句之間有插入語時；當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，此時第一個that可以省略，第二個that不可

13、以省略；當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that 或this,that做主語的定語時；當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時；當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時；當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時；當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時；在直接引語中，轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時七、賓語從句的否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移賓語從句的反意疑問句主句的謂語動詞是thin k,believe,imagi ne,suppose,c on sider,espect,fa ncy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否認(rèn)詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I don ' t think he

14、will come to my party.而不能說成I think he won ' tcome to my party.我認(rèn)為他不會來我的舞會.I don ' t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認(rèn)為那個人不是Jim所殺的，是不是？如果賓語從句中有某個含有否認(rèn)意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形We find that he n ever liste ns to the teacher carefully,does he?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課，是不是？八、賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的

15、時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響當(dāng)主句為過去時 從句用一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I only knew he was study ing ina wester n coun try,but I did n' t know what country he was in.我只知道他當(dāng)時在西方的一個國家讀書，可不知道是哪個國家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進(jìn)來的時候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>. 從句過去完成時表

16、示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meet ing already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴了Mary. 從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后The reporter asked if the gover nment would take n ecessary measures to put dow n the to-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂如果從句是一個客觀真理，那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goe

17、s around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時，不能按正常語序安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite sin ger th is year?你認(rèn)為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手編輯本段 賓語從句版本二學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。1.連接詞1 從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞 that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2 .從句為一般疑問句，常選

18、擇連接詞if或whether。在 whetheror not結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if 替換。3 .從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,whe n, where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。2. 判斷時態(tài)情況:1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)情況。2. 主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一 般現(xiàn)在時。eg:1. The teacher told the childre n that the sun round.A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball

19、 match.A. win B. won C. will winD. wins3. I don ' t know to visit the old man.A. whether B. if C. that D. whosoldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple()the villagers used as a school.;where ;which ;which ;where答：選B,動詞reach后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時表疑問含義“哪一個而此句中并非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是 用wh

20、at從句表陳述含義，意“過去的一座舊廟宇；temple后為對其修飾的定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動詞used的賓語，use sth. as“把用作賓語從句用作賓語。如：Do you know where he lives?定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：The stude nt who an swered the questio n was Joh n.答復(fù)以下問題的學(xué)生是Joh n.This is the man whom he is looking for.Do you know the girl who is in red?語法3. 賓語從句的用法引

21、導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分 常省略。但以下情況除外：(1 )介詞賓語從句的that不省略(2) and連接的幾個從句，第二個從句以后的從句的that不省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.(3) 在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time,if引導(dǎo)賓語從句

22、：兩詞可互換，但是以下情形除外：(1) whether 從句中有 or not(2) whether從句做介詞賓語Everyth ing depe nds on whether you agree with usit做形式賓語。3. 許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用 結(jié)構(gòu)常是：主語+動詞+it+形容詞/名詞等賓語補足語+賓語從句We think it wrong that he told a lie to every one4. 賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult jo

23、b.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B有時候可以用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impos sible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to

24、 my judgme nt.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this proj ect.C帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句 的否認(rèn)形式一般是否認(rèn)主句。Bad: I think he doesn' t like the English teacher.Good: I don ' t think he likes the English teacher.D主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請看第一局部。False: He wan ted to know why he is crying in th

25、e corner.Right: He wan ted to know why he was crying in the corner.編輯本段 賓語從句(版本三)賓語從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語，位于及物動詞后。eg.Tell him which class you are inDo you know what he likes?注：(1) 主、從句時態(tài)一致：主句謂語過去時，從句相應(yīng)過去時；He an swered that he was liste ning to me.主句謂語現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)任所需；eg . He says (that) he will leave a message on m

26、y desk.They know (that) he is work ing hard.具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時；eg . He told me that he was born in 1980.Father told me that practice makes perfect .(2) 否認(rèn)前移，及完成反意問句在 think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動詞后跟賓語從句否認(rèn)式時，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問句時，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。(注：否認(rèn)前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱)eg . I don't thi

27、nk you are right ,are you ?I don't believe they have fini shed their work yet,have they ?(3) 運用虛擬語氣的情況建議 suggest 、advise、propose;要求 dema nd、desire 、request ;決定 decide;命令 order 、comma nd、require;堅決主張in sist;等動詞后跟賓語從句，用( should ) +v.(虛擬語氣) eg . I suggested that you( should ) study hard .He ordered

28、 that we should go out at once(4) 賓語從句后置情況如果賓語從句后有賓語補語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置eg . You may think it strange that he would live there.(5) 賓從中that不可省略的情況賓語從句that?？墒÷?，但在以下情況下不能省略A. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其 他不能省略。eg . I believe (that ) you have done your best andthat things will getbetter .B. 當(dāng)it作形式

29、賓語時eg . She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.C. 當(dāng)賓語從句前置時eg . That our team will win，I believe .編輯本段 賓語從句版本四一、定義和賓從例句分析賓語從句就是一個句子作動詞或介詞的賓語。A作動詞的賓語：I heard the n ews.主語謂語動詞名詞作賓語I heard that he would come here later on.主語謂語動詞一個句子作賓語-賓語從句B作介詞的賓語：He said nothing about the pla n.主語謂語動詞代詞作

30、動詞的賓語介詞名詞作介詞的賓語He said nothing about who broke the window last ni ght.主語謂語動詞代詞作動詞的賓語 介詞一個句子作介詞的賓語二、帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個主句和一個賓語從句連接在一起。接詞有：that( 可省略 )， what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.賓語2 He told me (that) h

31、e would leave Dalia n airport at 8pm.間接賓語直接賓語3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.間接賓語直接賓語4 He wan ted to know what the man ager had said at the meeti ng.who had n' t passed the exam.whe n she would leave this buildi ng.why she cried last ni ght.where she was going to study.whic

32、h stude nt was his part ner in the short play.if (whether) Tom could play basketball withhim that morni ng.how she man aged to solve the problem.why water flows from a high positi on to a lower positi on.在例子4中，當(dāng)主句是過去時態(tài)時一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過 去完成時，從句根據(jù)不同情況必須使用過去時態(tài)的一種，大自然的現(xiàn)象和真理除 外。5 He is wanting to know

33、 what I can cook for dinner.who broke the win dow yesterday.whe n I can have a holiday.why I failed the exam yesterday.where I should have dinner with my friend toni ght.which book is the best one.if whether I have passed the exam.how my cat escaped from the room last ni ght.在例子5中，當(dāng)主語是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)

34、行時，一般將來時， 在完成時，從句可根據(jù)不同情況使用各種時態(tài)。A賓語從句必須用陳述語序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B有時候可以用 it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish thisjob in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible t

35、hat he could finish this job in justtwo hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgme nt.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否認(rèn)形式一般是否認(rèn)主句。Bad: I think he doesn' t like the English teacher.Good: I don ' t think he likes

36、the English teacher.D主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請看第一局部。False: He wan ted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wan ted to know why he was crying in the corner.賓語從句的點點滴滴賓語從句是英語復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。是用一個句子做另一個句子的賓語，將這個句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句做介詞或及 物動詞的賓語?，F(xiàn)在從以下三個方面總結(jié)歸納如下：一，引導(dǎo)詞A, 由that引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句，在很多動詞如say, thi

37、nk, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動詞后。 連詞 that 只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況 下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中，有時謂語盡管是否認(rèn)意義，卻不用否認(rèn)形式，而將think等動詞變?yōu)榉裾J(rèn)形式。例：I don ' t thin k you are right.我認(rèn)為你做的不對l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語的句

38、子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例: We think it wrong that he told a lie to every one 我認(rèn)為他向每一個人撒謊是錯誤的B, 由連詞if、whether 引導(dǎo)的表示"是否的賓語從句。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例: I don ' t know if/whe ther he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had fini shed the experime nt

39、.l在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例: Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh money。l賓語從句中有or not 時不用if引導(dǎo).例: I don ' t know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式連用作賓語時不用if引導(dǎo).例: Whether to go there or not hasn ' t been decided.C, 由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞 who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞whe n, where,

40、 why, how等連接的賓語從句，它們在句中即有連接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例: Do you know which film they are talking about? which做定語 I d on' t know where he lives. where做地點狀語二，賓語從句的語序，賓語從句從句的語序必須是陳述語序，即連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分例: I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wan ted to know what they can

41、do for us.二，賓語從句的時態(tài)。賓語從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制，既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而定。主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之 前，那么從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。例：1) She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2) She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3) She says that she has fin

42、ished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already.4) She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.l 如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實時，這時賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn) 在時態(tài)。例： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.ICould you tell me是用來征詢對方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。例： Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?本卷須知：u 由陳述句變成賓語從句時，要注意人稱的變化