小學英語知識點總結(jié)

1、可數(shù)名詞名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩部分。其中，可數(shù)名詞是表示能夠計算的人或物的名稱，他們通常有單數(shù)和復數(shù)的形式。單數(shù)通常用 a,an 或者是 one 來表示。 an 用在元音字母的前面。 如：a desk, an apple, oneboy.·可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則1、直接在單詞的后面加-s.photo-photos village-villages hand-handsbook-booksegg-eggsstudent-studentscloud-cloudsflower-flowersmap-mapsgirl-girlspen-pens2、如果單詞以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾，通常

2、要在單詞后面加-es.bus-busesclass-classes box-boxdress-dresses peach-peacheswatch-watchesfish-fishes3、以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞要把y 變?yōu)閕，再加 -es.如果y 的前面是元音字母，則直接加上 -s.family-families story-stories baby-babies day-days toy-toys boy-boys4、以 f,fe 結(jié)尾的單詞，要把 f,fe 變?yōu)?v，再加 -es.knife-knives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves5、以-o 結(jié)尾的名詞，如

3、果不是外來詞或縮寫，就加-es，否則加 -s 構(gòu)成復數(shù)。 （有生命的加 es，無生命的加 s）potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroesradio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos6、一些特殊的不規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)。goose-geesefoot-feettooth-teethwoman-women man-mensheep-sheepfish-fishdeer-deerpeople-people child-childrenmouse-mice7、有些名詞是通常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的，如： shoes, pa

4、nts, boots, glasses等。1II .不可數(shù)名詞1. 一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞主要是以物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞為主。它們通常沒有復數(shù)形式，也不能與 a ,an 連用。在表示“一”或“幾”的數(shù)量概念時，不可數(shù)名詞必須與相應(yīng)的量詞連用。如果時表示復數(shù)的數(shù)量關(guān)系時，則把量詞變化，不可數(shù)名詞不變。修飾不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量詞語有： some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。例如： a box of milk 一盒牛奶somewater 一些水much food 大量的食物a little time一點時間2. some 與 any 詞語辨析some 與 any 都表示“一

5、些”，但它們的用法不同。 some 用在肯定句中。而 any 用在否定句與一般疑問句中。 同學們要特別注意的是： some 還可以用在客氣請求的一般疑問句中。例子： I have some beautiful stamps（.肯定句）I donthave any beautiful stamps.（否定句）Do you have any beautiful stamps?（一般疑問句）A: Can I have any some bananas?B: Sure（.客氣請求的一般疑問句）3. many ,a lot of ,much 詞語辨析many ,a lot of ,much ,這三個詞都

6、是表示“許多” 。many 是用來修飾可數(shù)名詞 , much 用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞， a lot of 則用來修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。例子： Peter has many friends （.可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peter has much food for his birthday party. （不可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peter has a lot of friends. （可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. （不可數(shù)名詞的前面）·不可數(shù)名詞的歸類1、表示液體： water, juice, milk, coffee,

7、 coke2、表示自然現(xiàn)象： snow, rain, ice3、表示食品類：rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish, food4、其它類： newspaper, news, homework, housework21. 給出下列單詞的復數(shù)形式。orangeclasstextmonkeypianochildshelfbedbabycountryfamilytoyfootJapaneseradiophotoarmytomatofoxwomanknifesheeppeneggst

8、udentgirlzoowifestorymanboypeople2. 選擇填空1）Thereon the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photosC. is a photoD. is photos2）This kind of carmade in China.A. isB .areC .were D .has3）That sart book.A. anB. aC. the D are4）The boys have gotalready.A. two breadB.two breads C.two pieces of

9、breadD.two piece of bread5）The old man wants.A.six boxes of applesB.six boxes of appleC.six box of applesD. six boxs of apples7）Theresomein the river.A. is ,fishB. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8）Theretwoin the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9）We should cleantwice a d

10、ay.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth3watchchildphotodiarydayfootbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythiefyo-yopeachsandwichmanwomanpaperjuice_watermilkriceteadeerpeopletomatoleafpuppyboxknifefoxbusbenchbrushkisschurchdishrulerpeachglasspencilboyzoomanroofsheepknifeladykeystorywatchhorsecity

11、familydayappleeraserspeechthiefmousefishgoosepeopleoxChinesedeerfootchildtoothguyherospybossmonkeycitygoatradiopotatodogorangeclasstextmonkeypianochildshelfbedbabycountryfamilytoyfootJapaneseradiophotoarmytomatofoxwomanknifesheeppeneggstudentgirlzoowifestorymanboypeople4be 動詞：be 動詞有三兄弟： is，am, are 。

12、I( 我)用 am, you(你)用 are, is 跟著 he(他 ) she(她 ) it( 它)，we(我們 ) you(你們 )和 they(他們 )，復數(shù)（兩人以上）永遠連著 are.解析 : I am; You are; He is; She is; It is; We are; You are; They are.1.否定句只需要在be 動詞后加not,即:am not,is not=isn't are not = aren't2.一般疑問句只需要將be 動詞提前至句首 .即: Is .?Are .?1)I_ a student.2) You _ a teache

13、r.3)_she from Jinan? No, she _.4) _you friends? No, we _.5) He _ in Class 4, Grade 1.6) It_ a car.7) They _ cars.8) _ your mother in China?9) _your friends in New York?10) What _her name?11)These（這些） _ buses.12) Those（那些） _oranges.13) Where _ her mother?14) How old _your teacher?15) What class _ you

14、 in?16)This _ my brother（哥哥、弟弟） .17)That _ a pencil.18)Mike and I_ students.19)_ there an apple on the table（桌子） ? Yes, there _.20)There_many books in the study.21)There_some ice cream in the fridge（冰箱） .22)There_a pear and some cakes on the table.23)The children_ playing in the bedroom.24)The rabbi

15、ts_ eating grass.25) What_ your favorite subject（科目） ?26) The girl_ drawing.27) "I"_ a letter（字母 .）28. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.29. The girl_ Jack's sister（姐姐、妹妹） .30. The dog _ tall and fat.31. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.32. _ your brother in the classroom（教室） ?33. W

16、here _ your mother ？She _ at home.34. How _ your father?35. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.36. Whose dress _ this?37. Whose socks（襪子） _ they?38. That _ my red skirt.39. Who _ I?40.The socks _ on the desk.41. Here _ a book for you.42. Here _ some sweaters（毛衣） for you.43. The black shoes（鞋子） _ for Su Ya

17、ng.44. _ there any kites in the classroom?45. There _ some apples on the tree.46.Some tea _ in the glass.47. Gao Shan's shirt _ over there.48. My sister's name _Nancy.49. This _ not Wang Fang's pencil.50. _ David and Helen from England?51. There _ a girl in the room.5be 動詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞do/doe

18、s 的用法區(qū)別及練習1. 由連系 am， is， are 構(gòu)成的句子：變一般疑問句時把am， is，are 提到句子的前面，句尾用問號即可。變否定句時直接在am， is，are 后面加 not 即可。例如：肯定句 :He is a student.一般疑問句 : Is he a student?否定句 : He is not a student.畫線提問 : 對 he 提問 : Who is a student?對 a student 提問 : What is he? or What does he do?2. 由情態(tài)動詞 can, may, should 等構(gòu)成的句子 :變一般疑問句時把ca

19、n,may,提到句子的前面,句尾用問號即可.變否定句時直接在can,may,后面加 not 即可 .例如 : 肯定句 : She can swim.一般疑問句 : Can she swim?否定句 : She can not swim.畫線提問 : 對 she 提問 : Who can swim?對 swim 提問 : What can she do?3. 由行為動詞構(gòu)成的句子 :需要加助詞do 或 does. 變一般疑問句時把do/does 放在句子前面.變否定句時把don t/doesn t 放在動詞的前面。要注意觀察動詞的形式并對號入座。一般疑問句和否定句的動詞三單式都要變回原型。例如

20、: 肯定句 : They play football after school.He plays football after school.一般疑問句 : Do they play football after school?Does he play football after school?否定句 : They don't (do not) play football after school.He doesnt play football after school.畫線提問 :對 they/he 提問 : Who plays football after school?Who

21、plays football after school?對 play football 提問 : What do they do after school?What does he do after school?對 after school 提問 : When do they play football?When does he play football?注意： 1.在改疑問句時，遇到主語人稱是第一人稱I、 we 的需要將人稱換成第二人稱you2.在改疑問句和否定句中，遇到some 和 and，將其改為any 和 or.按要求改寫句子：1.I know the answer.( 一般疑問句

22、 )_ _ _the answer?2.We can see some birds.( 一般疑問句 )_ _ see _ birds?3.He designs clothes.( 一般疑問句 )_ he _ clothes?4.There are some flowers on the teachers desk.(一般疑問句 ) _ _ _ flowers on theteachers desk?5.There are some apples on the tree.( 否定句 ) There _ _ _ apples on the tree.6.I think he is very old

23、.( 否定句 ) I _ think he _ very old.7.Please colour it green.( 否定句 ) _ _ colour it green.8.These doctors are helpful.( 變否定句 ) _ _ _ _.9.You may have some hot dogs.(一般疑問句 ) _ _ _ _ _?.11.This sign means “No smoking ” .(就劃線部分提問)What _ this sign _?12.She looks young. （改一般疑問句）_ she _ young?13.She is young.

24、（改為一般疑問句）_ _ _?14.My pencils are in the pencil-box.( 對劃線部分提問) _ _ your pencils?15.I get up at six every day.( 對劃線部分提問) _ _ _ you get up every day?16.They like to walk home.( 改為一般疑問句) _ they _ _ _ _?17. You should add water often. （一般疑問句）_ _ _ water often?6一般疑問句一、什么是一般疑問句1.定義：用Yes或 No 作答的疑問句叫一般疑問句。2.

25、特點： 1、以 be 動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞開頭；eg: Is your father a teacher?Does Catherine like animals?Can Jenny speak French?2、往往讀升調(diào)；3、譯成漢語，都可以帶上“嗎”eg: 上面三句可分別譯為：你父親是老師嗎？凱瑟琳喜歡動物嗎？詹妮會說法語嗎？二陳述句和一般疑問句間的轉(zhuǎn)換要將陳述句變成一般疑問句，可以遵循下列步驟：1.看句中有沒有 be 動詞（ am、 is、 are、 was、 were ）助動詞（ do、 does、did、 have、 had）或情態(tài)動詞（ can、 must 、 will 、 ma

26、y 等），如果有，將其提到句首，句末打上問號即可。eg:It was rainy yesterday. Was it rainy yesterday?Tom'sfather can play the piano. Can Tom's father play the piano?I have finished my homework. Have you finished your homework?2.如果句中沒有be 動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則根據(jù)謂語動詞的形式借助do 的相應(yīng)形式放在句首。具體方法是：如果謂語動詞是原形，則借do；如果謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)形式，則借

27、does；如果謂語動詞是過去式，則借did. 需要注意的是，借does 或 did 后，原句的謂語動詞要變回原形。eg： They go to school by bike. Do they go to school by bike? Bill gets up at 6:30 every day. Does bill gets up at 6:30 every day? The students saw a film yesterday. Did the students see a film yesterday?陳述句變一般疑問句應(yīng)注意的事項陳述句變成一般疑問句除了遵循上述規(guī)則以外，還應(yīng)注意

28、下列幾點：1.如果陳述句中有第一人稱，則變問句時最好要變?yōu)榈诙朔Q。eg： I usually have lunch at school. Do you usually have lunch at school? My father is playing soccer. Is your father playing soccer?2.如果陳述句中有some, 則變問句時往往要變成any 。eg： There is some water on the playground. Is there any water on the playground?3.復合句變一般疑問句通常只變主句，從句不變。e

29、g： I know he comes from Canada. Do you know he comes from Canada?7三 .一般疑問句往往采用簡短回答由三部分（三個單詞）組成，對這三部分（三個單詞）的確定可以概括例下：1.第一個詞：不是Yes就是 No。（有時根據(jù)語氣的不同，Yes可由 Sure, Certainly, Of course 等代替 .NO 可由 sorry 代替 .）2.第二個詞：問誰答誰。即答語中的主語須與問句的主語一致（但必須用主格代詞）。eg： Does she clean her room every day? Yes, she does.Is Anna

30、s father a doctor? No ， he isn t.如果主語是this that, 回答時用it 代替，如果問句中主語these, those,回答時用they 代替。3.第三個詞：用什么問，用什么答。即沿用問句中的引導詞。Can Jim play soccer? Yes, he can.Does Mr Bean speak English? Yes, he does.需要注意問題： （ 1） .用 may 引導的問句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用 can t 或 mustn t用 must 引導的問句，肯定回答用 must，否定回答用 needn t.eg：May I go t

31、o the park now?Yes, you may. /No, you mustn t. Must I wash my clothes now?Yes, you must. /No, you needn t.4用 No 開頭作否定回答時,結(jié)尾要加上not 。因為回答必須是三部分，所以否定回答必須縮寫，而肯定回答不能縮寫。eg:Did Thomas come here yesterday?Yes, he did./ No ,he didn t.Is Lin Lin in Class 3?Yes, she is. / No, she isn t. 或（ No, she s not） .83、英

32、語句型變化總結(jié)練習1. It is a lovely dog.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：2.She is lovely girl.否定句： _ 一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：3.He is my father.否定句： _ 一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：4.They are Lily scousins.否定句： _ 一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：5.We are classmates.否定句： _ 一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：6.I am a doctor.否定句： _ 一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：7.There is a bird in the tree.否定

33、句： _ 一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：8.There are some stars in the sky.否定句： _ 一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：9.They are good friends.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：10.His father goes to work by bus.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：11.I play computer games every night.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：12.I like to read English.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：13.I go to sc

34、hool on foot.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：14.We have a pleasant home.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：15. We like to climb the mountain.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：916. They go to church on Sunday.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：17. They walk to school every morning.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：18.These cats are crying.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回

35、答：19.They can swim.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：20.You will be a singer.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：21.He goes to school every day.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：22.He likes English.否定句： _一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：1、用 do does be 填空1> _ she know all the answers ?Yes , she _ . No, she _.2> _ the twins often fight ?Yes ,_ do. N

36、o, _ dont3> _ your dad like listening to music?Yes ,_ does . No, _ doesn t.4>_ uncle Tom wash his car everyday?Yes , _ does . No, _ doesn t.5> _ you have a new teacher?Yes , I _. No, I _.6>_ she a teacher?Yes, she _ . No, she _.7> _ you playing ball now?Yes, I _. No, I _.8> _ the p

37、ig like to sleep?Yes, it _. No, it _.9> _ five birds flying in the sky?Yes, they _ .No, _ aren t.10> _ your father smoking in the living room?Yes, _ is .No, he _.1.I know the answer.(一般疑問句 )_ _ _the answer?3.We can see some birds.一(般疑問句 )_ _ see _ birds?3.He designs clothes.一(般疑問句 )_ he _ clot

38、hes?4.There are some flowers on the teachers desk.(一般疑問句 ) _ _ _ flowers on the teachers desk?5.There are some apples on the tree.否(定句 )There _ _ _ apples on the tree.6.I think he is very old.(否定句 ) I _ think he _ very old.7.Please colour it green.(否定句 ) _ _ colour it green.8.These doctors are helpf

39、ul.變(否定句 ) _ _ _ _.9.You may have some hot dogs一.(般疑問句 ) _ _ _ _ _?.12.She looks young. （改一般疑問句）_ she _ young?13.She is young（.改為一般疑問句）_ _ _?16.They like to walk home.(改為一般疑問句 ) _ they _ _ _ _?17. You should add water often（.一般疑問句）_ _ _ water often?10There be句型1. 定義： There be 句型表示某處存在某物或某人。（注意： ther

40、e be 就近原則） There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有一只鳥。 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我們教室里有一位老師和許多學生。 There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹下有兩個男孩，一個女孩。3. There be 句型與 have 的區(qū)別：(1) There be 句型和 have 都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下： There be 表示“某處存在某物或某人”；have 表示“某人擁有某物/ 某人”，它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。He h

41、as two sons.他有兩個兒子。There are two men in the office.辦公室里有兩個男人。(2)當 have 表示“包括” 、“存在”的含義時，There be 句型與其可互換。例如：A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個星期有七天。變臉一：否定句There be 句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be 動詞的其它句型一樣，在be 后加上 not.。There are some pictures on the wall. There aren't any pictures on the

42、wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.There is a bike behind the tree. There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.變臉二：一般疑問句There be 句型的一般疑問句變化是把be 動詞調(diào)整到句首，再在句尾加上問號即可。There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars?There are some studentsin thechass Are there

43、 any students但要注意：改否定句、一般疑問句時當肯定句中有some 時，要將其改為一、選擇題。in the class?any。1.（） There _ a book on the table.A. isB. are2.（） _ there an apple on your desk? A. areB. is3. ()There _ some students in the classroom. A. areB. Is4.（）There _ a pencil , a book and two pens on the table. A. isB. are5.（）There _ two

44、apples, one orange and one banana on the table.A. isB. are6.（） Are there _ pictures on the wall ?No, there aren t _ .A .any anyB some anyC. some some7.（）Are there _ houses near the river? Yes, there are_.A. some, someB. any, someC. any, anyD. some, any8.（） There is _ book in his hand. A. noB not二、用“

45、 have,has”或者“ there is , there are ”填空。1. I_a good father and a good mother.2. _many children on the hill.3.He_a mirror.4. _a basketball in the playground.5. She_some dresses.6. They_a nice garden.9. What does Mike_?10. _a map of the world on the wall.11. My father_a story-book.13. My parents_some nice pictures.12. _a story-book on the table.14. _some maps on the wall.三、用恰當?shù)?、 There 3、 There 5、 Therebe 動詞填空。a lot of(許多 ) sweets in the box.2、 Theresome milk in the glass.some pe