高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法五大基本句型Word版

1、六個(gè)基本句型典型例句主謂He studies very hard.他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。主謂賓We enjoy sports.我喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。主謂雙賓Sports bring me happiness.運(yùn)動(dòng)給我?guī)?lái)快樂(lè)。主謂賓賓補(bǔ)Exercise makes me healthy.運(yùn)動(dòng)使我健康。主系表Exercise is very beneficial.運(yùn)動(dòng)益處多多。There be句型There are three reasons why I like it.我喜歡它有三個(gè)原因。 五大基本句型1.主（n./pron./to do sth/doing sth/主語(yǔ)從句）謂（vi.如：come

2、, go, arrive, stay, work, fall, rise, die, happen, fail, appear,lie,sit,stand,last) 注意：謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)(1).The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(2).Your brother has gone home.(3).We work hard at English.練習(xí)She went home very late yesterday evening. The meeting will last two hours. Great changes hav

3、e taken place in my home town in the past ten years. Things of this sort are happening all over the world every day. 主語(yǔ)從句：(1).Whether it is true remains a question.(2).Whether he will go or not has not been decided.(3).It isn't quite clear why she did it.(4).It is not known where she has gone.(5

4、)What is called atomic energy is actually nuclear energy.2.主-謂（vt.如：visit, spend, forget, raise, have, seat, astonish, satisfy, embarass) -賓 （ n./pron./to do sth/doing sth/賓語(yǔ)從句）(1).I study chemistry and he studies physics.(2).I have never seen such an interesting film.(3).He doesn't know what to

5、 read.2 / 51練習(xí)They have carried out the plan successfully.He wrote a letter last night.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.Jim cannot dress himself.賓語(yǔ)從句： (1).I wonder whether or not Mike is at home now.(2).I don't care whether or not his car breaks down.(3).His parents think it a pi

6、ty that their son didn't pass the exam.(4)After what seemed an endless wait, it was at last his turn to step into the consulting room.(5)He was born in what is now known as Shanghai.3.主-謂（vt.)-間接賓語(yǔ)（sb)-直接賓語(yǔ)(sth.)(1).Give sb sth=Give sth to sb: send, pass, hand, show(2).Buy sb sth=Buy sth for sb:

7、 make, get, cook, call, find(3).Ask sb sth=Ask sth of sb練習(xí).Will you lend me your bike?.Peter bought Mary a new dress.Please get him some hot water.Will you tell us something about your school life?.This little boy is always asking the teacher all sorts of questions.Pass me the paper, please.John is

8、teaching Mary how to ride a bicycle.4.主-謂(vt.)-賓-補(bǔ)(n./adj/adv/介詞短語(yǔ)/to do sth-如：ask, tell, order,want, wish, encourage, allow, forbid/Do sth-如：“四看”、“二聽(tīng)”、“一感覺(jué)”；have, let 與 make /Doing sth/Done by sb.)(1).I saw her enter the lab.(2).Nathan Hale felt his heart beating fast.(3).We elected him our school

9、headmaster.(4).The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy.練習(xí)I'll have the bike repaired.I heard him singing happily in the next room.That man made the boy obey him.He painted the door red.She found her bike stolen.Let me have a look. We call her Xiao li.We asked them to stay for lunc

10、h.I wish you to go with me.Don't keep your mother waiting.Suddenly she saw a wallet lying on the ground.When he woke up, he found himself tied down.5.主-系(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)-表。練習(xí)The news was exciting.He was excited at the news.The teachers&

11、#39; office is clean and tidy.She became a League member in 1978.The Summer Palace looks especially beauitiful in the early morning.The music sounds sweet.Your answer doesn't sound right.The dish smells good/delicious.The liquid tastes bitter.My job is to teach English./teaching English.This sto

12、ry is very interesting.I'm interested in the story.表語(yǔ)從句：(1).China is no longer what it used to be.(2).That's why we love our motherland so much.(3).It looks as if it's going to rain.(4).The reason why he was absent yesterday was that he was ill.5、定語(yǔ) He is a new student.他是個(gè)新生。 但副詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，介

13、詞短語(yǔ)等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則放在被修飾的詞之后。 The bike in her room is mine.房間里的自行車(chē)是我的。 定語(yǔ)從句：(1).A plane is a machine that can fly.(2).The noodles that I cooked were deliicious.(3).Who is the man that is reading over there?(4).The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim's sister.(5).The fish which we bought were not fresh.(6)

14、.Who is the person whom you just talked to?(6).Mrs. Read is the person to whom you should write.6、狀語(yǔ) He lives in London.他住在倫敦。 He speaks English very well. He is playing under the tree. I come specially to see you. My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past. Ten years ago, She bega

15、n to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi

16、is about to take another.1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：when,while,as,before,after,since,till(until),as soos as,hardly-when,no sooner-than, 2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：where,wherever3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because,since,as, now that, in that, considering (that)4.目的狀語(yǔ)從句：so that-,in order that-,in case-,for fear that-(以防、以免、生怕)=lest5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：so that-,so/suc

17、h-that-6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if,unless,as/so long as-,on condition that-,providing(provided) that, assuming that, 名詞性從句（一）、什么叫名詞性從句？名詞性從句在復(fù)句中的位置如何？1.主語(yǔ)從句-謂語(yǔ)-賓語(yǔ).(1).Whether it is true remains a question.(2).Whether he will go or not has not been decided.(3).It isn't quite clear why she did it.(4).It is not kn

18、own where she has gone.(5)What is called atomic energy is actually nuclear energy.2. 主語(yǔ)-謂語(yǔ)(vt.)-賓語(yǔ)從句.(1).I wonder whether or not Mike is at home now.(2).I don't care whether or not his car breaks down.(3).His parents think it a pity that their son didn't pass the exam.(4)After what seemed an

19、 endless wait, it was at last his turn to step into the consulting room.(5)He was born in what is now known as Shanghai.注意;it作形式賓語(yǔ)的特殊句型：(1).owe it to sb. that-“把-歸功于-”          (2).Leave it to sb. that-“把-留給某人去做”(3).Take it for granted that-“想當(dāng)然”

20、0;                (4).keep it in mind that-"記住"(5).I like/enjoy/hate it that-                      &

21、#160;       (6).see to it that-=make sure that-"務(wù)必、確保"(7).depend on it that-(1).I enjoy_ when you help_is in trouble.        A.it, those who             B.that, who&

22、#160;             C.this, anyone            D.it,whoever(2).I owe it to you that I'm still alive.(3)I leave it to you to judge.（我讓你做判斷）(4).You may depend on it that they will help you.（你可以放心他

23、們會(huì)幫你的)(5).Would you see to it that the villagers have clean drinking water?(你負(fù)責(zé)保證）(6)I take it that you won't be coming to Sophie's party.(我想你不回去參加）(7).I'm counting on it that you will come.(我正指望著你回來(lái))3.主語(yǔ)-系-表語(yǔ)從句.(1).China is no longer what it used to be.(2).That's why we love our mot

24、herland so much.(3).It looks as if it's going to rain.(4).The reason why he was absent yesterdy was that he was ill.4. 某些名詞（如：the news/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/possibilityproblem/conclusion/opinion/remark評(píng)論、意見(jiàn)，saying格言、諺語(yǔ)，evidnce)-引導(dǎo)詞（如：that,whether,how,when,where,why)-同位語(yǔ)從句（注意：w

25、hich不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)(1).Here comes the news that some foreign friends will come to our school.(2).The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.(3).Word came that their headmaster would soon visit our school.(4).I have no idea when she will come back.(二）、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞：(1).連接詞：that, whether/if,as

26、if-在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。(2).連接代詞：who, what,which,whose-在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。(3).連接副詞：when, where.why,how,how many/much/soon/often/long-在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。注意：(1).if不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句以及介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。           (2).與or not或不定式連用，要用whether.        

27、60;  (3).what本身有一定的意義，且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，而that本身無(wú)任何意義，且在從                句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。            (1).It is unknown whether/if she is ill.(如果 用形式主語(yǔ)，if 和whether

28、都可以）            (2).I don't care if he doesn't show up.他來(lái)不來(lái)我都不在乎（若賓語(yǔ)從句為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，               則多用if,而不用whether)          

29、;  (3)After years of hard work, he was made what she was.(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)-經(jīng)過(guò)多年的辛勞，                                     &

30、#160;                                                 &

31、#160;                     她被弄成這樣）注意：in that(由于、因?yàn)椋琫xcept that(除了-），but that(如果沒(méi)有、要不是-），besides             that(除了-)    

32、0;     (1)I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of Tsinghua University.          (2)He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.          

33、 (3)But that I saw it, I couldn't have believed it.(三).弄清一類(lèi)連詞：“無(wú)論（不管）-”No matter who-=Whoever-No matter what-=Whatever-No matter which-=Whichever-No matter when-=Whenever-No matter where-=wherever-No matter how + adj/adv-=However + adj/adv-左邊：只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。而右邊：既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。(1).I'

34、ll give the book to _wants it.    (A).anyone  (B).those who  (C).whoever      (D).whomever(2).No matter who= Whoever wants to read the book, you may lend it to him.(3).However late = No matter how late he is ,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.(5).Whe

35、never = Every time he saw me, he greeted me.Wherever you go, we'll be thinking of you.(四).弄清同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:(1)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的成分；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分。(2)當(dāng)when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其意義與先行詞有關(guān)，與先行詞的意義基本相同，沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)意義；但它們引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其意義與被同位的詞毫無(wú)關(guān)系，其意義完全與疑問(wèn)詞相同，即when表示；“什么時(shí)候”，where表示：“哪兒”。它們引導(dǎo)兩種從句時(shí)都在從

36、句中做狀語(yǔ)。(1).He expressed the hope that he had for many years.      He expressed the hope that he would come to China again.(2).I have the 1st impression that he gave me in 1980.      I have the 1st impression that he is an honest man.(3).The news that you h

37、eard is not true.     The whole nation was plunged into deep sorrow at the news that Abraham Lincoln was murdered at a       theatre.(4)比較：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(定語(yǔ)從句)          &

38、#160;    This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.(定語(yǔ)從句)               I have no idea when she will be back.(同位語(yǔ)從句）               Then ar

39、ose the question where we were to get the machines needed.(同位語(yǔ)從句）(五).特殊句型要牢記：(1).It is said/believed/reported/thought/well-known that-(2).It turned out that-“結(jié)果是，原來(lái)是-”(3).It happened that-“碰巧-”(4).It occurred to me that-= It struck me that-“突然想起-”(5).Word came that-“有消息傳來(lái) 說(shuō)-”(6).It seems/appears tha

40、t-“似乎是，好像是-”(7).It is a pity/a fact/no wonder that-“真遺憾、是事實(shí)、難怪-”(8).It is possible/probable/likely that-(9).It is important/necessary/strange that-從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:（should ）+ 動(dòng)詞原形(10).It is certain that-(11).It follows that-“于是乎，從而-”(12).There is no point in doing sth.        T

41、here is no need to do sth.(13).It is up to sb to do sth.  “該由某人做某事，由某人負(fù)責(zé)”(14).It is just like sb to do sth.“某人恰恰是這個(gè)樣子”(15).See to it that- = Make sure that-“務(wù)必。確?！?16).How did it come about that you were late again yesterday?六、弄清一組句型的區(qū)別：(1)It was not until-that-（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）(2).It was +時(shí)間段+ago 或 +介詞短語(yǔ)

42、+that-(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）(3).It was+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞+when-"當(dāng)-時(shí)已是-時(shí)間了”(4).It is/was/will (not) be +時(shí)間段名詞+ before-（肯定句）“過(guò)多久-就/才-”                                

43、                                                  

44、    (否定句）“不久-就/才-”(5)It is+ 時(shí)間段 +since-   例如：(1).It was not until yesterday that I received his letter.(2).It was on the coasts that lots of people disappeared.(3).It was 3 years ago that he arrived in Australia.(4).It was 10 o'clock in the evening when he came back.(5).

45、It will be hours before he arrives here.(6).It was not long before they drove the enemy from their homeland.(7).It is 3 days since we left our school.(8).It is 10 years since I was a teacher.(我不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)10年了)(9).It is 5 years since he lived in London.(他有5年不在倫敦住了) 定語(yǔ)從句1.什么叫定語(yǔ)從句？先行詞？引導(dǎo)詞？定語(yǔ)從句的位置如何？(1)

46、.A plane is a machine that can fly.(2).The noodles that I cooked were deliicious.(3).Who is the man that is reading over there?(4).The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim's sister.(5).The fish which we bought were not fresh.(6).Who is the person whom you just talked to?(6).Mrs. Read is the person

47、 to whom you should write.(7).I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(8).This is the house where we lived last year.(9).The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.(10).Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last night.2.定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為5個(gè)關(guān)系代詞:（1).who-指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。（2

48、).whom-指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。(3).whose-指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。(4).which-指物，在從句指作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);which還可以作定語(yǔ)起到限定詞的作用（this/that/these/those),但其前面必須有介詞。(5).that-指人或物，在從句指作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。(5)as-指人或物，在從句中作主、賓、表，既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句(the same-as, such-as, as/so-as),也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（位置靈活).3個(gè)關(guān)系副詞:(1).when-指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。(2).where-指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。(3).why-指原因，在從句中

49、作原因狀語(yǔ)。注意：判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞，主要取決于什么？取決于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑喝粢龑?dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用關(guān)系代詞；若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用關(guān)系副詞。(1).I'll never forget the day_you saved me.    That's the special day_I'll never forget.(2).This is the house_my aunt lived last year.    This is the house_my aunt bought

50、last year.(3).We'll visit the village,_was once the site of a famous battle.    We'll visit the village,_a famous battle once took place.(4).Oct.1,1949 was the day_we'll never forget.    Oct.1,1949 was the day_the PRC was founded.(5)He lost his temper, at which point

51、I decided to go home.此時(shí)我決定回家(6)Chaplin went to the States in 1910, by which time he had learned to dance and act in comedies.(7)His son insisted on joining the army, in which case he had to give in.(8)3.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，that/which都可以指物（可互用），但在下列情況下，必須用that指物，不用which.(1).當(dāng)先行詞本身為不定代詞時(shí)：all,much,little, sth,anythin

52、g,everything,noyhing.(2).當(dāng)先行詞被adj最高級(jí)/序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。(3).當(dāng)先行詞被the very(正是、就是)、the only、the last修飾時(shí)。(1).All that glitters is not gold.All that can be done has been done.You can take any room that you like.There is no difficulty that we can't overcome.This is the last time that I'll give you a lesson.T

53、his is  the very book that I'm after.China is not the country that it used to be.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)）4.As引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：(as在定語(yǔ)從句中必須充當(dāng)成分：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))(1).The same-as-(2).Such-as-(3).As-clause, main-clause.=Main-clause, as-clause.(4).such/as-as-(5)as/so-as-(1).As we know, more than 70 % of the earth's sur

54、face is covered by water.(2).This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.(3).This kind of computer,as is well-known,is out of date.(5).This is the same bag as I  lost yesterday.(6).I have the same trouble as you (have).(7).Don't talk about such things as you do not understand.(8).Air

55、is a gas, as is known to us.     As we all know, air is a gas.     Air, as we know, is a gas.(9)He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.比較：This is so heavy a stone /such a heavy stone that no one can lift it.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)       

56、0;   This is so heavy a stone/such a heavy stone as no one can lift.(定語(yǔ)從句）注意：1.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常有，只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，不能指代單個(gè)先行詞：“如同-              -那樣”：           as we know/as is known t

57、o all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as has been            pointed out, as might be expected(正如所預(yù)料的那樣), as is often the case(情況常常是這樣),            2.which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，既可以指代整個(gè)主句，也可以指代

58、單個(gè)先行詞。指代的是先行詞              本身而不是主句時(shí)，不可用as代替which.           3.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，which既可作系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ)，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)，而as             

59、0;只能作系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ)。(1)The apple tree, which I planted last year, has not any fruit.(2)He married her, which/as was natural.(3)He saw the girl, which delighted him.5.特殊的句型(1).Do all one can to do sth.    Do what one can to do sth.    Do/try one's best to do sth.(2).I don't like

60、 the way (that) you walk    I don't like the way (in which) you walk.(3).This/It is the 1st/2nd time that I  have done sth.    This/It was the 1st/2nd time that I  had done sth.(4).He lives in the house whose window faces south.    He lives in the house th

61、e window of which faces south.    He lives in the house of which the window faces south. (5).He entered the meeting hall, in the front of which were sitting some important men.(6)比較：As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the 2 countries are making progress.    &

62、#160;          It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the 2 countries are making progress.              What is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the 2 countri

63、es are making progress.(7)We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the procession.    They stood near the window, from where we could see the whole garden.注意：(1)No/never/not-先行詞-But-= that-not或who-not：“沒(méi)有-不-的”          

64、 (2)當(dāng)先行詞是case,condition, situation, position, point, stage 等名詞時(shí)，表示情況、方面、處境               時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where.但先行詞是occasion時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when.           (!)There was no man but admired him=n

65、o man who didn't admire him.           (2)There is no dificulty but may be smoothed away.=no difficulty that may not be smoothed away.           (3)There are some cases, where this role doesn'

66、t hold good.（適用)           (4)In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.           (5)There is no rule but has exceptions.           (6)Her sister h

67、as beecome a lawyer, _she wanted to be.            A.who        B.what          C.that        D.which    

68、 (關(guān)系代詞指代人的職業(yè)、身份）6.相似結(jié)構(gòu)，注意辨別：(1)*Is this museum _they visited yesterday?    *Is this the museum _they visited yesterday?    *Is this museum _they stayed yesterday?    *It was the museum_you saw many treasures.    *It was in the museum_y

69、ou saw many treasures.    *It was in the museum_you dropped in that you saw many treasures.(2).She lived in the house_she used to live.                         

70、               _she used to live in.                               

71、60;        _she used to drop in.                                      

72、  _she used to visit.                                        _windows were broken.   

73、                                     the windows_were broken.          

74、;                              and _windows were brokken.               

75、60;                        _the broken windows.     A.where        B.in which      C.at which     D.that       E.which        F.its