(word完整版)非謂語知識點,推薦文檔

1、一、知識精講考點一基本含義非謂語動詞包括：現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、 不定式和動名詞，它們在句中均不能作謂語。類別結(jié)構(gòu)含義現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動，進行being done被動，進行（正在被做）having done主動，完成例句1）boiling water沸騰的水2）Do you know the girl standing over there? 你認識站在那里的那個女孩嗎？The houses being built now are for the teachers.現(xiàn)在正在建的那些房子是為老師而建的。Having waited for an hour, he left. 等了一個小時，他離開

2、了。not having done主動，完成，否定having been done被動，完成過去分詞done被動，完成表所處的狀態(tài)或特征Not having received a reply, he wrote another letter.沒收到回復， 他又寫了一封信。Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.雖然被告訴過好多次了，他仍然犯同樣的錯誤。1)ThestorytoldbyTomisveryinteresting. 湯姆講得故事非常有趣。2)The houses built last year are v

3、ery big. 去年建的那些房子很大。1)Devoted to helping others, he is respected.他致力于幫助別人而受到尊重。2)Interested in the book, he wants to buy it. 他對這本書感興趣想買下來。不定式to do將來，主動I have much workto do. 我有很多工作要做。to be done將來，被動to have done完成，主動使用條件：1）看結(jié)構(gòu)是否需要；2）看是否表達過去或完成之意The houses to be built next month are very big. 下個月將要被建的

4、那些房子很大。He s saidtohaveinventedthetelephone.據(jù)說他發(fā)明了電話?？键c二重要用法1. 感官動詞see, watch , observe , look at , hear , listen to , notice等的賓補有四種形式，以see 為例：結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例see + 賓語 + do看見（賓語）做 了see him go to the officesee +賓語 + doing看見（賓語）正在做see him going to the officesee +賓語 + being done看見（賓語）正在被做see him being bitten by a

5、 dogsee +賓語 + done看見（賓語）被做see him bitten by a dog注：下列動詞在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作補語， 但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to： 5看 (lookat，see，watch，notice，observe)；3使 (make，let，have)；2聽(listen to ，hear)；1感覺 (feel) 。 2. leave 的用法結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例leave sb./sth. doing讓某人 /某物一直做Leave the machine running 讓機器一直運轉(zhuǎn)leave sth. undone留下某事沒有被做leave the book u

6、ntouched 這本書沒被動過leave sb. to do sth.留下某人做某事leave me to do the work 留下我干這項工作leave sth. to be done3. have/get 的用法結(jié)構(gòu)have sb. do=get sb. to dohave sb. doing留下某事將要被做含義讓某人做某事1）讓某人一直做2）否定句中 )容忍某人做leave the work to be done 留下這項工作有待被做舉例Mother had me buy some salt.媽媽讓我去買些鹽。1)have him standing outside 讓他一直站在外邊

7、2)I won t haveyou speaking to your mother like that. 我不能容忍你像那樣跟你媽媽說話。get sb./sth. doing使/讓某人物開始行動起來I can get my car running .我的車啟動不起來。get/have sth. done1)讓某事被做1） I llhave get my bike2)遭遇 repaired tomorrow.2） Tom had his leg broken.湯姆的腿傷了。4. only + to do 指出乎意料的結(jié)果【例句 】He hurried to the station only to

8、 findthat the train had left. 他匆忙到了車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)出站了。5. seat 及 dress 的用法結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例seat oneself就座，坐下He seated himself.=He sat down. 他坐下來。sb. be/remain seated坐著；一直坐著He is seated behind me.他坐在我后面。dress oneself/sb. (in+ 衣服 / 顏打扮自己 /某人；給自己 /某人He dressed the baby.他給那個色)穿衣服嬰兒穿衣服。sb. be dressed in +衣服 /顏色某人穿著 The

9、 baby is dressed in red.那個嬰兒穿著紅衣服。6. 序數(shù)詞后用不定式 (不用現(xiàn)在分詞 )作定語【例句 】He is the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一個來教室的。7. to do 位于句首時，常相當于in order to do【例句 】To catch the early bus, he got up early. 為了趕早班車，他起得很早。二、難點聚點1. 分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與【例句 】主句 的主語保持一致。When offered help, you should say" Thank you.

10、"or "It's kind of you. "( =When you are offered help, you)當被提供幫助的時候，人們常說“謝謝。 ”或 “你真好。 ”You should be careful while/when crossing the street.過馬路的時候小心點。(=While/When you cross/ you are cross ing the street)三、狀元筆記解題思路1. 找準相關動詞的邏輯主語，確定該動詞與邏輯主語間是什么關系（主動還是被動）；2. 搜索句子中相關的時間信息，確定非謂語動詞的恰當形式

11、（一般式還是完成式）考點三 動名詞的重要用法1. 動名詞具有名詞的特性：作主語、賓語、表語等，可用于介詞后?！纠洹?(1)His coming made us happy. 他的到來讓我們感到高興。(2)He devoted his life to helping others. 他一生致力于幫助別人。2. 動名詞作賓語時，其邏輯主語可用形容詞性物主代詞（(me,him) 。動名詞作主語時，其邏輯主語要用形容詞性物主代詞。my,his ）或名詞性物主代詞【例句】 Do you mind my/me smoking here? 你介意我在這里抽煙嗎？3. 動名詞的 被動式為： being do

12、ne【例句 】 He is afraid of being laughed at. 他害怕被嘲笑。4. 重要句型 ：【例句】It is no use talking to him.跟他談話沒用。狀元典例He is looking forward to _(there be)a chance答案： there being思路分析： look forward to后要接 doing ?？键c四一些重要用法。1.下列動詞后接不定式作補語，即“ 動詞 +sb to do”ask，beg（祈求） ，cause，encourage，expect， force ，get，intend（打算） ，invite

13、， order，persuade，prefer ，require ，teach，tell ， want， warn， wish ，wait for ， call on ， depend on 等。【例句 】(1)You are not allowed to smoke here.不允許你在此處吸煙。(2)The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。注意：【例句 】 Smoking is forbidden here but youare allowed to smoke.這里禁止吸煙,但你可以吸。2. 下列結(jié)構(gòu)中用不定

14、式作主語補足語：sb. be said/ believed / known / reported / considered / found/ thought+ to do / to have done (to bedone/ to have been done)【例句 】(1) He is said to have gone abroad.(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)據(jù)說 ,他出國了。(2) Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 熱被看作是一種能量?？键c五高考易混點3. 值得【例句 】 The bo

15、ok is worth reading.=The book is worthy to be read./ of being read. 這本書值得一讀。4.【例句 】 He could do nothing but / other than wait .=He had no choice but to wait .他別無選擇，只得等待。5. 只能做【例句 】（ 1）He cannot choose but stay on.他沒有別的選擇，只好待下去。(2) I cannot but agreeto his terms. 我只得同意他的條件。二、難點聚焦獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1. 當句中主、從句的主語不一致時，可用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠?】 If the weather permits, well go out.= Weather permitting . 天氣允許，我們就出去。2. 主要結(jié)構(gòu)名詞 (代詞 )+ doing名詞 (代詞 )+ done名詞 (代詞 )+不定式名詞 (代詞 )+形容詞 /副詞名詞 (代詞 ) +介詞短語構(gòu)成 with/without+ 名詞 (代詞 )+ 賓語補足語【例句】（ 1） Weath