爐卷揚上料控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書

1、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書設(shè)計（論文）題目：179高爐卷揚上料控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué) 號： 專業(yè)班級： 學(xué) 部：工程教育部指導(dǎo)教師： 2009年06月10日理工大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院 工程教育 學(xué)部 本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）成績評分表 （指導(dǎo)教師用表）班級： 學(xué)生姓名： 1評價內(nèi)容具 體 要 求分值評 分abcde調(diào)查論證能獨立查閱文獻和從事其他調(diào)研；能正確翻譯外文資料；能提出并較好地論述課題的實施方案；有收集、加工各種信息及獲取新知識的能力。1010 9876實驗方案設(shè)計與實驗技能能正確設(shè)計實驗方案，獨立進行實驗工作，如裝置安裝、調(diào)試、操作。202018161412分析與解決問題的能力能運用所學(xué)知識和技能

2、去發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決實際問題；能正確處理實驗數(shù)據(jù)；能對課題進行理論分析，得出有價值的結(jié)論。202018161412工作量、工作態(tài)度按期圓滿完成規(guī)定的任務(wù)，工作量飽滿，難度較大；工作努力，遵守紀律；工作作風(fēng)嚴謹務(wù)實。202018161412論文（設(shè)計）質(zhì)量綜述簡練完整，有見解；立論正確，論述充分，結(jié)論嚴謹合理；實驗正確，分析處理科學(xué)；文字通順，技術(shù)用語準確，符號統(tǒng)一，編號齊全，書寫工整規(guī)范，圖表完備、整潔、正確；論文結(jié)果有應(yīng)用價值。202018161412創(chuàng) 新工作中有創(chuàng)新意識； 對前人工作有改進或突破，或有獨特見解。10109876總 分總分×30%指導(dǎo)教師評語：指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日理

3、工大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院 工程教育 學(xué)部本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）書面成績評分表（評閱人用表）班級：05機械1班 學(xué)生姓名： 1 評價內(nèi)容具 體 要 求分值評 分abcde翻譯資料綜述材料查閱文獻有一定廣泛性；翻譯外文資料質(zhì)量較好；有綜合歸納資料的能力和自己見解。1515131197論文（設(shè)計）質(zhì)量綜述簡練完整，有見解；立論正確，論述充分，結(jié)論嚴謹合理；實驗正確，分析處理科學(xué)；文字通順，技術(shù)用語準確，符號統(tǒng)一，編號齊全，書寫工整規(guī)范，圖表完備、整潔、正確；論文結(jié)果有應(yīng)用價值。505045403530工作量、難度工作量飽滿，難度較大。252523211917創(chuàng) 新對前人工作有改進或突破，或有獨特見解。1010

4、9876總 分總分×30%評閱人評語：評閱人簽字： 年 月 日理工大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院 工程教育 學(xué)部本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）答辯成績評分表（答辯小組用表）班級： 學(xué)生姓名； 評價內(nèi)容具 體 要 求分值評 分abcde報告內(nèi)容思路清晰；語言表達準確，概念清楚，論點正確；實驗方法科學(xué)，分析歸納合理；結(jié)論嚴謹；論文結(jié)果有應(yīng)用價值。505045403530創(chuàng) 新對前人工作有改進或突破，或有獨特見解。10109876答 辯回答問題有理論根據(jù)，基本概念清楚。主要問題回答準確、有深度。303027242118報告時間符合要求。10109876總 分總分×40%答辯小組評語答辯小組簽字：年 月 日

5、理工大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）成績總評表學(xué)部：工程教育部 班級：05機械1班 學(xué)生姓名設(shè)計（論文）總成績設(shè)計（論文）題目179高爐卷揚上料控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計指導(dǎo)教師評定成績評閱人評定成績答辯成績答 辯 委 員 會 評 語答辯委員會主任簽字： 年 月 日注：設(shè)計（論文）總成績=指導(dǎo)教師評定成績（30%）評閱人評定成績（30%）答辯成績（40%）摘 要摘要plc及其網(wǎng)絡(luò)在工業(yè)自動化控制領(lǐng)域越來越受到重視和普及應(yīng)用，它的應(yīng)用提高了高爐上料系統(tǒng)的自動化水平和可靠性，實現(xiàn)了上料系統(tǒng)的實時監(jiān)控和靈活方便的工藝配方。文章主要介紹某鋼鐵廠高爐上料系統(tǒng)采用plc及其網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制的軟硬件設(shè)計方案和方法，介紹了高

6、爐上料的工藝情況和可編程控制器（plc）控制系統(tǒng)他的控制功能。本次設(shè)計通過plc程序化的控制倉閘門的開與關(guān)，運礦皮帶的運行，變頻器的調(diào)速，大小鐘的開與關(guān)，完成料從料倉落到運礦皮帶，經(jīng)運礦皮帶運往中間倉，再從中間倉落到料車里，由卷揚機拉動料車至爐頂，最后卸料至高爐的整個過程，實現(xiàn)了上料自動化。在系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障時能夠及時報警并自動斷電抱閘。關(guān)鍵詞：plc；高爐；上料系統(tǒng)；自動控制iabstractabstractthere is a growing interest for the application of plc and its networks in the filed of industr

7、ial automation .the automatic function and reliability of the feeding system in blast furnace are improved by the application .the real-time monitoring is realized and the technological composition can be easily made. the design scheme ,methods of the hardware and software of plc and its network ado

8、pted for the feeding system of one blast furnace in a steelworks ,the blast furnace technology and characteristics and programmable logical controller (plc) control system control functions are introduced .the design process through plc control of the warehouse gate opening and closing ,wan ore belt

9、 of operation ,the inverter speed ,size-minute opening and closing complete information from the silo fell on ore belt ,the belt ore shipped to intermediate positions, from the intermediate materials warehouse fell on the vehicle ,winch pull information from the car to top ,the last blast furnace di

10、scharge to the whole process feeding achieve the automation .the system failure to make timely alarm and automatic power-off.keywords：plc ；blast furnace；feeding system ；automationxii詳細摘要詳細摘要高爐上料是整個高爐冶煉生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，擔(dān)負著為煉鐵高爐提供原料的功能，其將來自料倉的各種原料按一定的配料比送到高爐內(nèi)進行冶煉，整個上料過程大部分是順序邏輯控制，但沒有反饋，不構(gòu)成閉環(huán)過程控制，故而多采用可編程控制器（pl

11、c）進行控制。主要作用是將煉鐵所需的各種原料源源不斷的送到高爐內(nèi)，保證高爐煉鐵的正常需要。高爐自動上料應(yīng)用非常普遍，長度是有限的，為把物料從槽下料倉搬運到爐頂上，采用料車升降機，以提高生產(chǎn)效率。經(jīng)過生產(chǎn)實踐表明，該設(shè)計思路正確，運行可靠，能達到實際生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用的要求。中小型高爐上料主要是卷揚車上料，由于料車上料占地面積小，在中小高爐中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。為了避免料車失控，產(chǎn)生飛車事故，設(shè)置了速度活著設(shè)備異常、松繩檢測。出現(xiàn)異常時候，立刻向plc發(fā)出信號，控制供電裝置發(fā)出停車命令，并抱閘停車。卷揚上料采用速度閉環(huán)的方式，一旦出現(xiàn)飛車控制，測速裝置會向供電裝置發(fā)出真是的速度信號，通過對速度信號鑒別，按程序設(shè)

12、定進行斷電。早期高爐上料控制系統(tǒng)多采用繼電器控制，主要存在兩大缺陷：一是控制系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜，連鎖環(huán)節(jié)多，外部連線多，故障頻繁；二是工作模式只有手動和機旁兩種操作方式，手動操作用于生產(chǎn)，機旁操作用于機構(gòu)調(diào)整，不能實現(xiàn)自動化生產(chǎn)。隨著電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展及普及應(yīng)用，采用plc作為主控制器實現(xiàn)高爐上料系統(tǒng)的自動控制稱為技術(shù)進步的必然。它有效解決了傳統(tǒng)繼電控制的缺陷，提高高爐上料系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，實用性，可靠性和自動化，為高爐的穩(wěn)產(chǎn)，高產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造了技術(shù)和設(shè)備條件。plc以其可靠性高抗干擾能力強；通用性強，控制程序可變，使用方便；功能強，適應(yīng)面廣；編程簡單，容易掌握；減少了控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計即工作量；體積小重量輕，功耗低維護方

13、便；系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計安裝調(diào)試工作量少等特點被廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)環(huán)境。在設(shè)計plc控制系統(tǒng)時，應(yīng)遵循以下基本原則：1. 最大限度滿足被控制對象的控制要求2. 保證plc控制系統(tǒng)安全可靠3. 力求簡單、經(jīng)濟、使用及維修方便4. 適應(yīng)發(fā)展的需求。在系統(tǒng)整體方案設(shè)計中，完成了對系統(tǒng)設(shè)備類型和數(shù)量的確定，以及各部分對電氣控制部分要求和對控制器的要求，其中運礦皮帶和返礦皮帶要求有集中和機旁兩種控制方式，倉閥門要求集中控制，大小鐘的開啟和關(guān)閉要求集中控制，主卷揚機的控制要求有兩臺變頻器，料車的上下行要求有手動、點動、自動三種控制方式。對控制器的要求是：通過plc按指定的程序步驟完成對現(xiàn)場一系列動作如：振篩振動下料，各

14、倉閘門的關(guān)和開、變頻器的工作及電機調(diào)速、料車的上下行、料車倒料裝料、大小鐘的關(guān)閉和打開的自動控制，實現(xiàn)自動化。對變頻器的選型：變頻器被廣泛用來調(diào)節(jié)電動機的轉(zhuǎn)速，基本原理就是通過改變電流的頻率達到改變速度的目的。變頻器的正確選擇對于控制系統(tǒng)的正常運行是非常那個關(guān)鍵的，選擇變頻器時必須要充分了解變頻器所驅(qū)動的負載特性。人們在實踐中常將生產(chǎn)機械分為三種類型：恒轉(zhuǎn)矩負載、恒功率負載和風(fēng)機、水泵負載。考慮與三菱plc的兼容性和較高的性價比，選用三菱公司的變頻器，其型號是：fr-a520-3.7k 功率3.7kw軟件控制的工藝流程：根據(jù)所需料制選擇好了相應(yīng)的工作倉和變頻器后，閉合變頻器工作開關(guān)，一切準備就

15、緒，合上振篩運行/停止開關(guān)，當(dāng)料倉的稱重傳感器示數(shù)位“0”（即料倉里無料）且對應(yīng)的倉閥門呈關(guān)到位狀態(tài)時，plc控制相應(yīng)的料倉振篩振動，料倉開始下料，稱重傳感器示數(shù)為“1”（料倉裝滿）時振篩停止振動，如果此時中間倉的稱重傳感器示數(shù)為“0”（即中間倉是空著的）且中間倉閥門呈關(guān)到位狀態(tài)時，對應(yīng)的料倉閥門開啟，料下落到傳送皮帶上，并通過傳送皮帶送至中間倉。當(dāng)中間倉的稱重傳感器示數(shù)為“1”、料車處于斜橋底部位置并且料車的稱重傳感器示數(shù)為“0”（料車沒有裝滿）時，中間倉閥門打開給料車裝料，當(dāng)料車的稱重傳感器示數(shù)為“1”時，選擇好的變頻器開始工作，變頻器控制卷揚機正轉(zhuǎn)（一檔），拉動料車沿斜橋底部上行，當(dāng)料車

16、碰到斜橋上的上行勻速限位開關(guān)（下行減速開關(guān)）后，變頻器換檔（二檔）控制卷揚機拉動料車勻速上行，當(dāng)料車碰到斜橋上的減速限位開關(guān)（下行勻速限位開關(guān)）后，變頻器換檔（三檔）控制卷揚機拉動料車減速繼續(xù)上行，當(dāng)料車達到頂部時，變頻器停止工作，卷揚機也隨之停止工作，此時抱閘電機抱閘，料車處于停止?fàn)顟B(tài)，完成卸料（此時（小鐘必須也必然是關(guān)到位狀態(tài)）。料車卸料完畢后，料車的稱重傳感器示數(shù)為“0”（完全卸空），此時變頻器又開始工作，變頻器控制卷揚機反轉(zhuǎn)，拉動料車加速下行，當(dāng)料車碰到下行勻速限位開關(guān)時，變頻器控制卷揚機拉動料車勻速下行，當(dāng)料車到達斜橋底部時，變頻器停止工作隨之卷揚機也停止運動，抱閘電機抱閘，料車靜止

17、。在小車從頂部卸完料后下行的同時小鐘開始打開（此時大鐘必須關(guān)到位），料開始漏到中間罐里，小鐘開到位還需延時10s以確定到高爐里，當(dāng)大鐘開到位后同時需要延時8s以確保料完全下到高爐里，之后大鐘開始關(guān)閉。此時料已經(jīng)全部由料倉經(jīng)過皮帶、料車運送到高爐。實際plc類型的選擇:經(jīng)過對各部分控制系統(tǒng)的要求確定了所需的輸入點數(shù)為58，輸出點數(shù)為27，這樣經(jīng)綜合考慮選用三菱 fx2nc-96mt 型號plc，輸入48輸出各48.再有一擴展設(shè)備專用于fx2nc系列的輸入輸出模塊，它有輸入點32個，輸出0個，這樣一來輸入點個數(shù)達到80個，完全滿足要求。plc編程軟件選用日本三菱公司開發(fā)的 gx developer

18、，用此軟件可以很直觀的編寫plc梯形圖，還可以以程序的方式進行編程，并且可以注明注釋，無論是編寫還是閱讀都很方便。本設(shè)計完成一套使用plc控制的179高爐系統(tǒng)上料的方案。通過plc控制倉閘門的開與關(guān)、變頻器調(diào)速、大小鐘的開與關(guān)，按照工藝流程完成從料倉經(jīng)運礦皮帶運至中間倉、從中間倉下落至料車、由料車運至高爐頂卸料至高爐進行冶煉的過程，達到全自動控制的目的。通過plc系統(tǒng)工作人員無需在現(xiàn)場就可以操作控制現(xiàn)場設(shè)備運行。如果出現(xiàn)故障也能及時報警，并自動采取安全措施。關(guān)鍵詞：plc；高爐；上料系統(tǒng)；自動控制detailed abstractdetailed abstractthe blast furna

19、ce high-quality goods is the key link of the entire blast-furnace smelting production, shoulders to provide raw material for the iron-smelting blast furnace, it is carrying on smelting each raw material which according to certain ingredient ratio from the bunker in the blast furnace .the majority pr

20、ocess of the entire high-quality goods is the order logical control, involves to some simulation quantity control, but does not have the feedback and constitute the closed loop process control, therefore uses the programmable controller (plc) to carry on the control. the leading role is each raw mat

21、erial which smelts iron needs continuously delivers to the blast furnace, guaranties the blast furnace iron-smelting the normative need.the application of the blast furnace automatic high-quality goods is common, the length is limited, using the skip hoist in order to transport the material which in

22、 the bunker from the trough to the furnace top .at the same time ,it can raise the production efficiency. indicated after the production practice that this design mentality is correct, the movement is reliable, and can meet the requirement of the application in the actual production. the area of the

23、 skip high-quality goods is small so that the middle and small scale blast furnace high-quality goods mainly use hoist the vehicle high-quality goods. hence the skip obtains the widespread application in the small furnace.materials in order to avoid car lost control, resulting in vehicle accidents,

24、equipment set up the speed of live abnormal lightup detection. when abnormal, immediately send a signal to the plc to control the power supply stop command issued, and parking brake. winch on the expected use of the speed of the closed-loop manner, in the event of vehicle control, gun power supply d

25、evice to the speed signal is sent through the speed of signal identification, in accordance with the procedure set up for power outages.the early blast furnace high-quality goods control system uses the black-white control，mainly has two big flaws。first, the control system is complex，the chain-like

26、link is many, the exterior segment is many, the breakdown is frequent；second, working pattern only have two operating modes: manual and machine side. the manual operation uses in producing, machine side operation uses in the reorganization kgovtk ，cannot realize the automation。along with electronic

27、technology's development and the popularization application, using plc to take the master-control unit to realize the blast furnace high-quality goods system's automatic control into technology advancement necessity。it effective resolve tradition black-white control's flaw, enhanced the

28、blast furnace high-quality goods system's stability, the usability, the reliability and the automation, for blast furnace's stable production, the high production has created the technology and the equipment condition.plc for its strong anti-interference ability and high reliability; high un

29、iversality, variable control procedures and easy to use; function, and to adapt to a wide range; programming simple, easy to grasp; a reduction of the design of control systems that work; small weight light, easy to maintain low power consumption; system installation and debugging of the design char

30、acteristics of the work was less widely used in industrial environments.in the design of plc control systems, should follow the following basic principles: 1. to maximize the target control to meet the control requirements ;2. to ensure safe and reliable plc control system; 3. seek a simple, economi

31、c, easy to use and maintenance; 4. meet the needs of our society.in the systems solutions design, has completed to the system device type and quantity determination, as well as various part to electric control part request and to controller's request，and transports the ore leather belt and retur

32、ns to the ore leather belt to request to have the centralism and machine side two control modes, warehouse valve request common control, big and small clock's opening and closure request common control, the main hoist's control request has two frequency changers, skip's ascending-descend

33、ing request has manual, the spot to move, the automatic three control mode.to controller's request is:according to the program step which assigns completes through plc to scene a series of movements like inspires sieves the vibration yummy treats, various warehouses strobe's pass and opens,

34、frequency changer's work and the electrical machinery velocity modulation, the skip ascending-descending, the skip material feeds the automatic control but actually which, the big and small clock's closure and opens, realizes the automation.to frequency changer's shapingnverter is widely

35、 used to adjust the motor speed, the basic principle is that by changing the current frequency of the purpose of changing the speed. inverter control system for the correct choice for the normal operation is the key, select the inverter when the inverter must be fully aware of the load characteristi

36、cs of the driver. people will often in practice, production machinery is divided into three types: constant torque load, constant power load and the fan, water pump load.the consideration with the mitsubishi plc compatibility and the high performance-to-price ratio, selects mitsubishi corporation

37、9;s frequency changer, its model is: fr-a520-3.7k power 3.7kwsoftware control technical process:after must expect the system chose the good corresponding work warehouse and the frequency changer, closed frequency changer operating switch。all are ready, close inspire sieve the movement/stop switch, w

38、hen the bunker weighing sensor shows the zero “0” (i.e. in bunker not to have material), and corresponds the warehouse valve assumes closes time the arriving condition,plc controls the corresponding bunker to inspire sieves the vibration, the bunker starts the yummy treats, weighing the sensor readi

39、ng is “1” (bunker packs) when inspires sieves the stop vibration, if this time middle warehouse's weighing sensor reading is “0” (i.e. middle warehouse is emptying), and the middle warehouse valve assumes closes time the arriving condition, corresponding bunker valve opening, expects the whereab

40、outs to the transmission leather belt on, and through transmits the skin to take along to the middle warehouse.middle the warehouse weighing sensor reading is “1”, the skip is in the hoist incline bottom position and skip's weighing sensor reading is when “0” (skip has not packed), the middle wa

41、rehouse valve opens to the skip feeds, when skip's weighing sensor reading is “1”, chooses the good frequency changer to start to work, the frequency changer control hoist clockwise (13), draws the skip along the hoist incline base upward, when after the skip bumps into on the hoist incline the

42、upward uniform speed limit switch (downward deceleration switch), the frequency changer shifts gears (23) to control the hoist drawing skip uniform speed upward, when after the skip bumps into on the hoist incline the deceleration limit switch (downward uniform speed limit switch),the frequency chan

43、ger shifts gears (33) to control the hoist drawing skip to decelerate continues upward, when the skip achieves the crown, the frequency changer stops the work, the hoist also along with it stop work, this time the band brake electrical machinery band brake, the skip is at the stopped state, complete

44、s the ex-denning (this time (young zhong to also inevitably be closes arriving condition).after the skip ex-denning finished, skip's weighing sensor reading is “0” (unloads spatially completely), this time the frequency changer starts to work, the frequency changer control hoist reverse, draws t

45、he skip acceleration downward, when the skip bumps into the downward uniform speed limit switch, frequency changer control hoist drawing skip uniform speed downward, when the skip arrives at the hoist incline base, the frequency changer stops the work along with it hoist also stop motion, the band b

46、rake electrical machinery band brake, the skip static. while the car finished unloading the material after the crown downward young zhong starts to turn on (this time bell to close arriving), the material starts to leak to the middle pot, young zhong opens the arriving also to need time delay 10s by

47、 to determine in the blast furnace, when after the bell opens the arriving, simultaneously needs time delay 8s to guarantee the material completely under to the blast furnace, afterward the bell starts to shut down. this time the material already all from the bunker after the leather belt, the skip

48、shipped the blast furnace.actual plc type choice:passed through had determined to the part control system's request needed the input points were 58, the output points were 27,like this passes through the overall evaluation to select mitsubishi fx2nc-96mt model plc, inputs 48 to output each 48som

49、e expansion equipment uses in the fx2nc series specially again the input output module, it has entrance point 32, outputs 0, as the matter stands the entrance point integer achieves 80, satisfies completely requests.the plc programming software selects gx developer which japan mitsubishi corporation

50、 developswith this software may the very direct-viewing compilation plc trapezoidal chart, but may also carry on the programming by the procedure way, and may indicate the annotation, regardless of being the compilation or reads is very convenient.this design completes a set to use 179 blast furnace

51、 system high-quality goods plan which plc controls. through plc control warehouse strobe's opening with the pass, the frequency changer velocity modulation, big and small clock's opening with the pass, completes according to the technical process from the bunker after transports the ore leat

52、her belt to transport to the middle warehouse, from the middle warehouse whereabouts to the skip, carries on smelting by the material vehicle transport to the high furnace top exd- enning to the blast furnace the process, achieves the completely automatic control the goal. does not need through the

53、plc system staff in the scene to be possible the work management field apparatus movement. if presents the breakdown also to be able to report to the police promptly, and takes the security measure automatically.keywords：plc ；blast furnace；feeding system ；automation目 錄目錄摘要iabstractii詳細摘要iiidetailed

54、abstractvi1 緒論11.1 高爐上料系統(tǒng)簡介11.2 plc簡介11.3 plc在高爐上料系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用62 系統(tǒng)整體方案設(shè)計72.1 系統(tǒng)功能要求72.1.1 系統(tǒng)設(shè)備72.1.2 料制82.1.3 工藝流程82.2 電氣控制部分要求102.3 控制器要求102.4 系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計113 電氣控制部分方案143.1 倉閘門控制原理143.2 運礦皮帶控制原理圖153.3 主卷揚控制原理183.4大（?。╃娍刂圃?43.5變頻器及其選型274 plc部分設(shè)計294.1 plc部分設(shè)計294.1.1分析被控對象294.1.2 plc的分類及機型的選擇314.2 plc軟件部分374.2.

55、1 gx developer 環(huán)境簡介374.2.2工藝流程374.2.3 軟件系統(tǒng)功能384.2.4 梯形圖設(shè)計40結(jié) 論41參考文獻42致 謝43附錄a系統(tǒng)順序功能圖44附錄b梯形圖45緒論1 緒論1.1 高爐上料系統(tǒng)簡介高爐上料是整個高爐冶煉生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，擔(dān)負著為煉鐵高爐提供原料的功能，其將來自料倉的各種原料按一定的配料比送到高爐內(nèi)進行冶煉，整個上料過程大部分是順序邏輯控制，但沒有反饋，不構(gòu)成閉環(huán)過程控制，故而多采用可編程控制器（plc）進行控制。主要作用是將煉鐵所需的各種原料源源不斷的送到高爐內(nèi)，保證高爐煉鐵的正常需要。高爐自動上料應(yīng)用非常普遍，長度是有限的，為把物料從槽下料倉搬運到爐頂上，采用料車升降機，以提高生產(chǎn)效率。經(jīng)過生產(chǎn)實踐表明，該設(shè)計思路正確，運行可靠，能達到實際生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用的要求。中小型高爐上料主要是卷揚車上料，由于料車上料占地面積小，在中小高爐中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。卷揚上料系統(tǒng)的主要過程是：各種原料經(jīng)過槽下配料后放入中間料斗，料車到料坑后，中間斗把料放入料車，中間斗閘門關(guān)到位并且爐頂準備好后，料車啟動，經(jīng)過加速勻速減速1減速到達爐頂。1.2 plc簡介plc即可編程控制器（programmable logic controller，是指以計算機技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的新型工業(yè)控制裝置。在1987年國際電工委員會（international electrical co