第四講形容詞和副詞

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載第四講形容詞和副詞初中知識(shí)回顧知識(shí)回顧一、形容詞的常見用法1、形容詞作定語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在被修飾的名詞前，當(dāng)形容詞修飾something，anything，nothing 等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，需放在其后。2、形容詞作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，常見的形容詞有：afraid，alone，asleep，awake，alive，well ，ill ，frightened。3、形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是補(bǔ)充說明事物的性質(zhì)或人的狀態(tài)。二、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)的順序限定詞 (冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞 )+描繪詞 (大小、長(zhǎng)短、形狀、新舊、長(zhǎng)幼、顏色 )+國(guó)籍、地區(qū)十

2、材料性質(zhì)十類別、目的十名詞。溫馨提示可借助英國(guó)廣播公司（ BBC）提出的“ OPSHACOM ”方法記憶。 OPSHACOM 的含義如下：OP-opinion 評(píng)述性詞。如 beautiful , expensive , terrible , lovely , silly , ugly 等。SH-size & shape 表示大小及形狀的詞。如long，short，round， square等。A-age 表示新舊的詞。如new， old 等。C- colour 表示顔色的詞。如red，black，purple， brown，yellow 等。O-origin 表示產(chǎn)地的詞。如Ital

3、ian， Canadian，Spanish等。M-material 表示材料的詞。如 leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk ，plastic 等。按此順序，“一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夾克”可表達(dá)為“a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket”。理論上一個(gè)名詞前可有9 個(gè)形容詞，但實(shí)際語(yǔ)言材料中一般不超過5 個(gè)。掌握了本方法可基本解決形容詞修飾名詞的順序問題。三、副詞的基本用法副詞用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句，在句中可以作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載四、副詞的分類名稱時(shí)間副詞連接副詞地點(diǎn)副詞程度副詞例

4、詞today ,early ,soon ,nowthen ,recently ,stilltherefore ,however , besides ,otherwise ,how when ,where ,whysomewhere ,here , there ,downstairsvery much ,enough , quite ,almost ,rather在句子中的位置時(shí)間副詞，尤其是表示具體時(shí)間的副詞，一般放在句首或句尾連接句子，引導(dǎo)從句或與不定式連用地點(diǎn)副詞常置于句尾，有時(shí)可置于句首，一般不置于句中。幾個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，大地方放在最后常放在被修飾的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞前面，但當(dāng)ve

5、ry 修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常與 much 連用并置于句末， enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)后置例句He will be back tomorrow.Yesterday we all went to the park.That's why it's on the news.Do you know how to operate the machine?The children are playing downstairs. Here people are practicing speaking English.Tom is old enough to go to school.方式副詞頻

6、度副詞疑問副詞well,fast ,carefully, slowly ,quicklya1ways ,often ,never , usually ,hardly , seldom(很少 )how ,when ,where ,why常放在賓語(yǔ)之后或不及物動(dòng)詞之后常放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。其中 sometimes 也常置于句首主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，放在句首Everythinggoes well.The monkeys ate up the bananas quickly.I often go out for a walk after supper.She is sel

7、dom out on Sundays.Why were you late for our meeting last night?關(guān)系when,where,why用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句副詞We visited the house where he lived ten years ago.I never forget the day when I joined the Party.五、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成1、規(guī)則變化：分類構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和少單音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er， estsmallsmallersmallest數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞以不發(fā)音的字母e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，只加 -r，-st

8、nicenicernicest以單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er，-estthinthinnerthinnest少數(shù)以 er，ow 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，末尾也加 -er， clever,cleverer,cleverest,-estnarrownarrowernarrowest部分雙音節(jié)詞more 和 mostpopularmoremost在前面加popularpopular和多音節(jié)詞學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2.不規(guī)則變化：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestBad(ly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremost1ittlelessl

9、eastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest典例分析【例 1】People have always beenabout exactly how life on earth began.A.curiousB.excitedC.anxiousD.careful解析：句意為 "人們一直對(duì)地球生命的起源感到好奇"。根據(jù)介詞 about 后面賓語(yǔ)從句的意思，可以確定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about".對(duì)感到好奇 "。【鞏固訓(xùn)練】 1.Linda'sfa

10、ther hates waiting in long lines. 1think he'與A.patientB.talentedC.popularD.powerful【例 2】-It's one of thethings in the world to stay with friends.-I agree.It always makes us relaxed.A.worstB.happiestC.busiestD.hardest答案 :Ajust not very。解析：句意為“和朋友們待在一起是世界上最快樂的事情之一?！薄拔彝?，這總能使我們放松?！庇纱鹫Z(yǔ)中的關(guān)鍵詞relax

11、ed 可知 B 項(xiàng)最符合句意。【鞏固訓(xùn)練】2.Debbie is growing fast. She is eventhan her mother.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.the tallest銜接要點(diǎn)展示初中階段高中階段1、形容詞、副詞的特殊用法1、形容詞、副詞的詞義辨析2、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)的特殊用法2、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本用法3、正確運(yùn)用分詞形容詞4、形容詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載高中知識(shí)預(yù)學(xué)預(yù)學(xué)新知一、比較等級(jí)的幾種常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)類型結(jié)構(gòu)意義例句A=Bas十原級(jí)十 as與一樣She is as tall as her mother.A#Bnot as/so

12、+原級(jí) +as不及The weather here is not as/so hot as that in Wuhan.less十原級(jí)十 than不及He thinks English is less important than Chinese.A>B 或 A<B比較級(jí) +than比My brother runs much fast than I.表示程度比較級(jí) +and+比較越來(lái)越She is becoming more and more beautiful.的遞增級(jí)兩種情況the+ 比較級(jí)， the+越The older I get, the happier I feel.同

13、時(shí)變化比較級(jí)越三者以上the+ 最高級(jí) +范圍最Lucy dances best of all in our school.二、形容詞作狀語(yǔ)形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示意義上的增補(bǔ)，和句子主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地在風(fēng)雪中過了7 天。三、分詞形容詞的意義差別-ing 形容詞表示 "令人的 "，表示主動(dòng)意義， 多指事物對(duì)人的影響， 一般修飾或說明事物，如 surprising"令人驚訝的 "， exciting" 令人興奮的 &quo

14、t;，interesting"有趣的 "等。 -ed 形容詞表示"感到的 " ，表示被動(dòng)意義， 多指人對(duì)事物的感受， 主語(yǔ)一般是人， 常用于 "sb.十 be 十 -ed形容詞 +介詞 "結(jié)構(gòu)，如 surprised"感到驚訝的 " ，excited"感到興奮的 "，interested"感興趣的 " 等。We are all excited about the exciting news.我們聽到這令人興奮的消息都感到很激動(dòng)。四、幾個(gè)常用副詞的用法區(qū)別1、how long/

15、how soon/how often/how farhow long"多久，多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 "，對(duì)持續(xù)的時(shí)間段提問， 常用 "for+ 時(shí)間段 "和“ since 十時(shí)間點(diǎn)”回答。how soon "多快，多久以后 "，對(duì)短暫性動(dòng)詞提問，用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)句子中，常用"in+ 時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載段"回答。how often "多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次 "，對(duì)頻率提問，常用 "once/ twice/ three. .ti 中 es a."回答。how far "多遠(yuǎn) " ，對(duì)

16、距離提問。2、much too/too muchmuch too"非常，極其，太 "，much 修飾 too 以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，中心詞是too， much too 修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。too much"太多 "，中心詞是 much，too 修飾 much 以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣， too much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。too much 與 too many 相對(duì)，但 too many 修飾可數(shù)名詞。You will become much too fat some day. 有一天你將會(huì)變得非常胖。The teacher gave us too much homework

17、today. 老師今天給我們留的作業(yè)太多了。例題引路【例 1】，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people throughher smile.A.Shy and cautiousB.Sensitive and thoughtfulC.Honestand confidentD.Light-heartedand optimistic解析：句意為 "愉快而樂觀的她，是那種通過微笑把陽(yáng)光傳給他人的女士"。shy and cautious "害羞且謹(jǐn)慎的 "；sensitive and thought

18、ful"敏感且體貼的 " ；honest and confident“誠(chéng)實(shí)且自信的”light-hearted and optimistic"愉快且樂觀的 "。由句意可知應(yīng)選D?！咀灾黧w驗(yàn)】 1.After the long journey， the three of them went back home，。A.hungry and tiredlyB.hungry and tiredC.hungrilyand tiredlyD.hungrilyand tired【例 2】Jack is late again. It isof him to keep o

19、thers waiting.A.normalB.ordinaryC.commonD.typical解析： It is typical of sb. to do sth. 是固定句型，意為 "某人一向如此 "。該句型屬于“ It is 十形容詞 +of+代詞 +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D?！咀灾黧w驗(yàn)】 2.It's very importantusA.to; to rememberB.for; to remember【例 3】Everything seemed to be goingA.vividlyB.generallyit.C.for; rememberingD.to;

20、 rememberingfor the first two days after 1moved to New York.C.frequentlyD.smoothly解析：考查副詞辨析。句意為 "在我搬到紐約之后，剛開始的兩天事情似乎進(jìn)展得很順利 "。 vividly" 生動(dòng)地，形象地 "；generally"普遍地，一般地 "；frequently" 頻繁地，經(jīng)常地 "；smoothly學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載"順利地，平穩(wěn)地 "。根據(jù)句意可知，答案選D。【自主體驗(yàn)】 3.In the good car

21、e of the nurses，the boy isrecovering from his heartoperation.A.quietlyB.actuallyC.practicallyD.gradually銜接應(yīng)用訓(xùn)練【A組】()1.We were veryto him for his help.A.thanksB.thankedC.thankfulD.thdnkfully)2. The apples tasteand sell.A.well; wellB.good; goodC.good; wellD.well; good)3. Your voice sounds.A.beautifulB

22、.to be beautifulC.beautifullyD.be beautiful)4.Was there atalk between the two countries last month?A.friendB.friendshipC.of friendD.friendly)5.Joan pushed the doorand went in hurriedly.A.openedB.openC.openlyD.opening)6.here are taken good care of.A.The injuredB.1njuredC.An injuredD.Being injured)7.N

23、othing isthan a hot drink on a cold winter day.A.goodB.bestC.betterD.to be good)8.It's raining _. We have to stay at home instead of going fishing.A.badlyB.heavilyC.stronglyD.hardly)9. The weather is nothot in this district.A.such aB.suchC.that aD.that)10.Is there any news about theship?A.missed

24、B.to missC.being missedD.missing學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載【B 組】一、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Usually John would be late for meetings.But this time，to my surprise，he arrivedon time.A.littleB.muchC.everD.even()2.Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's，but it costhis.A.as much twice asB.twice as much asC.much as twice asD.as twice much as()3. How muchshe looked without her glasses!A.wellB.goodC.best.D.better()4.It was a nice house， buttoo small for a family to live in.A.rarelyB.fairlyC.ratherD.pretty()5.The children loved their day trip， and they enjoyed the horse ride.A.mostB.moreC.lessD.little()6