非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-現(xiàn)在分詞的用法ppt課件

1、Grammar and usage -Participles1;.Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.2.When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers.3. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only w

2、orrying about money.4. What I am here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.5. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the

3、environment.2;.分詞：分詞：Participles一一 分詞的概述分詞的概述1. 分詞是分詞是“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（Present Participle）和過(guò)去分詞（和過(guò)去分詞（Past Participle）。）。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中 作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。3;.Present Partici

4、ple二、現(xiàn)在分詞二、現(xiàn)在分詞1.語(yǔ)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng) Do you know the woman talking to Tom?2. 時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行Dont wake up the sleeping boy.4;.Present Participle3. 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的形式現(xiàn)在分詞的形式一般式一般式完成式完成式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done5;.Present Participle4. 現(xiàn)在分詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞的功能 現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征，可充

5、當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征，可充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。6;.Present Participle 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，起形容詞作用，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征及主語(yǔ)所具備的動(dòng)作功能，回答現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，起形容詞作用，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征及主語(yǔ)所具備的動(dòng)作功能，回答how的問(wèn)題，可以用的問(wèn)題，可以用very，quite，rather， greatly等副詞修飾。等副詞修飾。以下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化。以下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化。 disappoint, move, surprise, inspire, excite, interest

6、,amaze，frighten，encourage, fascinate等。等。7;.Present Participle 1. The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring 3. The news was disappointing 2. What he said was very encouraging4.The story is the most fascinatinginspiringencouragingdisappointingfascinating8;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的

7、比較現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較 1 1、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，回答、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，回答 whatwhat的問(wèn)題。的問(wèn)題。 What pleases him most is bathing in the sea. 2 2、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)幾乎處于同等地位，可以互、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)幾乎處于同等地位，可以互換位置，其句意不變；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)則不換位置，其句意不變；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)則不能互換位置。能互換位置。 Our work is serving the people.What he said is very interesting. 3

8、 3、作表語(yǔ)用的現(xiàn)在分詞除了和、作表語(yǔ)用的現(xiàn)在分詞除了和bebe連用以外，還可以連用以外，還可以和其它的系動(dòng)詞連用；而作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞則通常只和其它的系動(dòng)詞連用；而作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞則通常只能和能和bebe連用。連用。 His speech seems very moving.His interest in writing for the newspapers.9;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，和它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，和它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，?？梢詳U(kuò)展成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。它從上的主謂關(guān)系，?？梢詳U(kuò)展成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。它

9、從以下兩個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)明中心詞。以下兩個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)明中心詞。A. A. 表示名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。表示名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1. Dont wake up the sleeping boy.= Dont wake up the boy _.who is sleeping 2. There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce.= there are many factories and industries _controlling the amount of pollut

10、ion they produce10;.Present ParticipleB. 表狀態(tài)，它一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表狀態(tài)，它一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句。 When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty overcoat, ran to her with joy. =When she appeared, John, who was wearing a dirty overcoat, ran to her with joy.11;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的

11、比較1 1、動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途，、動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途，和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒(méi)有主謂關(guān)系；和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒(méi)有主謂關(guān)系； a swimming girl a girl who is swimminga walking stick a stick that is used for walking2、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以后置，而動(dòng)名詞則通常只能、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以后置，而動(dòng)名詞則通常只能放在它所修飾的名詞之前。放在它所修飾的名詞之前。 .The girl wearing glasses is one of his studen

12、ts 戴眼鏡的那個(gè)女孩是他的一個(gè)學(xué)生。戴眼鏡的那個(gè)女孩是他的一個(gè)學(xué)生。 .I bought some reading materials我買(mǎi)了一些閱讀材料。我買(mǎi)了一些閱讀材料。 12;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。A. 作感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)listen tohearseelook atwatchnoticefeelObserve+sb +doing13;.Present ParticipleA cook will be immedi

13、ately fired if he is found _in the kitching. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 2.The missing boy was last seen _near the bank of the lake. A. play B. played C. to play D. playing14;.Present ParticipleB. 作使役動(dòng)詞作使役動(dòng)詞(have, get, keep, send, leave, catch)等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 表示表示“使使進(jìn)行進(jìn)行/處于處于(某種狀態(tài)某種狀態(tài)

14、)”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性。Can you keep the clocking going?They often have the tractors working in the fields during the busy time.3. What the teacher said sent us thinking.4. He caught the girl cheating in the exam.5. Leave him standing outside.15;.Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行?？稍?/p>

15、句中作現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。可在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨或方式等時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)。A. A. 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概念作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概念16;.Present Participle（1） 動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于 as soon as17;.Present Participle(2)(2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在分詞動(dòng)作的過(guò)程中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在分詞動(dòng)作的過(guò)程中，表示在表示在“做某事期間做某事期間”相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于when/whilewhen/whileWalking

16、 in the street, I came across an old friend.When I walked in the street18;.Present Participle(3) (3) 分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，分詞要用分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，分詞要用完成形式。完成形式。 Having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment.19;.Present ParticipleB. 作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于because/as引導(dǎo)的原因引導(dǎo)的原因

17、狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句。(1) Being ill, he didnt go to school.(2) Not knowing what to do next, he went to his teacher for advice.(3) Having seen the film many times , he didnt go to see it last night.Because he was illAs he didnt knowBecause he had seen20;.Present ParticipleC. C. 作條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于作條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于ifif引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)

18、的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Using your head, youll find a way.D. 作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于although/ though引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Although getting up early, he was late for school.E. 作伴隨（方式）狀語(yǔ)，表示和謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)作伴隨（方式）狀語(yǔ)，表示和謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作。發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作。They sat there on the stone,talking with each other.21;.Present Pa

19、rticipleF. F. 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示自然的結(jié)果。作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示自然的結(jié)果。 Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life. The mother died, leaving five children behind.不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示意外或事與愿違的結(jié)果。不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示意外或事與愿違的結(jié)果。He hurried to the station, only to be told the train had just left.22;.Present ParticipleG. G. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

20、（現(xiàn)在分詞有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（現(xiàn)在分詞有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)）Weather permitting, well go picnicing.Mother being ill, he stayed at home to look after her.There being no bus, we had to walk home.The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不相同。主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不相同。狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句。從句省略了連接此狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。從句省略了連接此狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+vingIf weather permits,Because his mother was ill23;.Present Participle1