兒科英文名解

1、1兒科英文名解Classification of Neonate （新生兒分類）1）Full term infant （足月兒） :Neonate whose gestational age（GA） is between 37 weeks and 42 weeks2）Preterm infant（ 早產(chǎn)兒 ）:Neonate whose GA is less than 37 weeks3）Post-term infant （過期兒） :Neonate whose GA is more than 42 weeks4）Low birth weight neonate（LBW） （ 低出生體重兒）

2、:Neonate whose BW is less than 2500g5）Very low birth weight neonate（VLBW） （極低出生體重兒） : Neonate whose BW is less than 1500g6）Normal birth weight neonate （正常體重兒） : Neonate whose BW is between 2500g and 4000g7）Macrosomia neonate （巨大兒） : Neonate whose BW is over 4000g8）Small for gestational age（SGA） （小于胎

3、齡兒） :Infants whose BW are under P10 of the same GA infants 'BW9）Appropriate gestational age（AGA） （適于體重兒） : Infants whose BW are ranging from P10 to P90 of the same GA infants 'BW10）Large gestational age（LGA）（ 大于胎齡兒） : Infants whose BW are above P90 of the same GA infants 'BW11）Early newb

4、ore （早期新生兒） :Neoborn less than 1 week12）Late newbore （晚期新生兒） :Neoborn aging from 2 weeks to 4 weeks2.Neutral temperature（中性溫度） :An appropriate environmental temperature which can keep a neoborn 's normal temperature and can keep the least oygen cousuming,the least metabolism rate ,the least ener

5、gy evaporated, so is called neutral temperature .3.: when asphyxia of fetal or neoborn occurs, the respirateinhabitated and reflexal heart rate decreased because of lack of oxygen ,so is called apnea.4. Physiological body weight decline （生理性體重下降） : Intate deficiency, fatal stool paused and water los

6、ed after birth can make physical body weight decline （3%-9%）, and it reaches its lowest point in3 or 4 day and returns to its birth weight in 7 to 10 days .5. Physiological anemia （生理性貧血） : When neonate of 2 3 months, RBC drops to 110g/L, neonate occurs mild anemia .It will take 3 months to recover

7、.6. Physiological diarrhea （生理性腹瀉） : Physiological diarrhea usually occurs in infants little than 6 months .They appear puffy and often have eczema .Soon after delivery , they may have diarrhea, whose times are increasing .However, there is no other symptoms and the infants have good appetites. Phys

8、ical diarrhea does not affect the growth. Recent researches found that the diarrhea is a particular type of intolerance of lactose. The stool may recover normality after appending the complements.7. Project Immunity （計劃免疫） : According to characteristics of children 's immunity and the conditions

9、 of communicable diseases ,people had drawn up a kind of immunity programs, namely project immunity. People inoculate some organico-product in order to progress the level of immunity , control and eliminate the communicable diseases.8.Serious Pneumonia（ 重癥肺炎） :Serious Pneumonia is a kind of pneumoni

10、a. Respiratory system together with other systems are invaded,meanwhile,the general toxic symptom is also apparent.9.The Division of Respiratory tract（上下呼吸道分界） : The respiratory tract is divided into 2 parts,the upper respiratory and the lower respiratory, by the ring-formed gristle.10.Discrepant Cy

11、anosis（ 差異性紫紺） : Discrepant Cyanosis occurs in PDA. Because of PDA, the blood moves from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. If this abnormality lasted so long that the pressure of pulmonary is higher than the aorta, there will lead to right-to-left shunts and appear cyanosis in the second half of th

12、e body.11.Colostrum（初乳）: Colostrum is the first milk produced by the dam which contains antibodies （immunoglobulins） which provide crias with immunity （passive immunity）. There is no transfer of immunoglobulins across the placenta and neonatal crias are not capable of producing their own antibodies.

13、 They must rely on their passive immunity for the first few weeks of life. This makes colostrum essential to the health of any cria. A cria who does not receive enough.12. Eisenmenger syndrome （ Eisenmenger 綜合征） : Eisenmenger syndrome occurs in patients with large congenital cardiac or surgically cr

14、eated extracardiac left-to-right shunts. These shunts initially cause increased pulmonary blood flow. Subsequently, usually before puberty, pulmonary vascular disease causes pulmonary hypertension, ultimately resulting in reversed or bidirectional shunt flow with variable degrees of cyanosis.13.Addi

15、tional nursing （補(bǔ)授法） : When the breast milk is not enough, the baby within 6 months can be feed partly with breast milk and partly with other nutritions each time.14.Substitutional nursing （代授法） : When the breast milk is enough but the mother can 't feed the baby in time, the baby can be feed wi

16、th other nutritions like milk for some times.15.Malnutrition: It is a disease caused by lacking of energy andprotein. It often happens to the baby within 3 years old with symptoms of weight-losing, fat-losing, edema and functional disorders.16. Obesity（肥胖癥） : Obesity is defined as an excessively hig

17、h amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.1 7. Koplik Spots （麻疹黏膜斑）:ulcerations on buccal mucosa around Stensen duct; spotty cnanthcma in oral cavity, may precede rash1 8. HarrisonS groove （赤 E 氏了勾）:The distal end of the ribs are weak and may be depressed by the negativein

18、trathoracic pressure developed during respiration with a resultant semicoronal impression being found at the costal attachment of the diaphragm, leading to the formation of Harrison groove19. Rachitic rosary （佝僂病串珠）：a radiographic appearance of the costochondral junctions of the middle ribs in ricke

19、ts This appearance results from the presence of bulky growth plates at the bone or cartilage junctions.20. ChvOStekS sign （Chvostek's 征）:Chvostck*s sign is contraction of the muscles of the eye, mouth or nose, elicited by tapping along the course of the facial nerve. The examiner taps gently ove

20、r the facial nerve in front of the ear. This is a sign of a latent tetany.21. Trousseau sign （Trousseau 征）:It is carpal spasm after 5 minutes of inflation of a pressure cuff between the patient's systolic pressure and diastolic prcssurc.This measure assesses nerve irritability and is more specif

21、ic for tetany of vitamin D deficiency.22.Severe asthma （重癥哮喘）including acute serious asthma attack , lastingstatus of asthma and deterioration of intractable asthma.23. Persistant asthma （哮喘持續(xù)狀態(tài)）:It is a condition of severe acute attack of asthma which can not be released by proper dnig in 24 hours2

22、4. Tuberculous infection （結(jié)核感染）: It is an infection of tubercle bacillus.In this condition, the patient's test of tuberculin and the test of serum PPD-IgM or IgG antibody are positive But the tubercle focus can not be found in patient body.25. Endogenous infection （內(nèi)源性感染）:When the patient eat to

23、o much or the components of the food arc not balanced ,thc process of:he digestion will be slowed down. And the food which can not be fully digested will stay in the upper part of the small intestine. Then the PH of the intestinal carv ity will decreased It leads to a result that the bacteria from t

24、he lower part of the intestine will move up and multip;y The food then will be ferment and rot by those bacteria typical of rheumatic heart disease and consist of swollen collagen ,cells and fibrils26 Aschoff body （風(fēng)濕小體）:It is aonc of the tiny lumps in heart muscle that arc27 Primary complex：（原It is

25、 a combination of primary focus ofinfection in the lung parenchyma and caseous involvement of the regional lymph nodes usually hilar nodes28 Corticoid sensitivity （激素敏感）referring to proteinuria becamenegative ,edema disappeared within 8 weeks after corticoid therapy.,29 Partial corticoid sensitivity

26、 （激素部分敏感）: Edema disappearedwithin 8 weeks after corticoid therapy but proteinuria is still + +30 Corticoid dependent激素依賴） : Sensitive to corticoidrelieved rapidly after treatment but relapse occurs when the dose reduced or stopped within 2 weeks ,again relieved when resuming full doses or restart t

27、reatment and this repeated 2 to 3 times.31 Corticoid resistant激素耐藥）: Referring to the proteinin the urine is still over + when the treatment has been for full 8 weeks.32 Relapse （復(fù)發(fā)） and repetition反復(fù)）: Proteinuria hasbeen become negative and the hormone treatment has stopped weeds ,again the protein

28、 in the urine is over + is called relapse ;If the above symptoms during treatment is defined as repetition.for morethan 4Frequent relapse （頻復(fù)發(fā)） and frequentrepetition頻反復(fù)） : Refers to relapse or repetition occurs not lessthan twice within6 months.33 Extra-medulla hemopoiesis （髓外造血） :In order to adapt

29、to the anemia caused by infection or hemolysis and so on. After birth especially at infant stage , the live is enlarged for regaining the hemopoietic state. state this may accompanied by splenolymphomegaly ,nucleated red cells and neutrophils can be found in peripheral blood . This specific reaction

30、 of hemopoietic organs is called extra-medullar hemopoiesis.In fetalpremature'sinfant34.Physiologicalhemolysis （生理性溶血） : Fetal is in the environment of low PO2, so the quantity of RBC is large. After birth, PO2 rises. The quantity of RBC is relatively surplus, so many of them are vulnerable to b

31、e destroyed. The life of neonatal RBC is short, too.ofthe35 Anemia（貧血） : The numbers of erythrocytes or the concentration hemoglobin per volume in the tipping circulation is under normal. According to data from WHO, the lower limit of hemoglobin in 6 months to 6-year old children is 110g/L.6 to 14 y

32、ears old is 120g/L,the hemoglobin increases 4 percent as altitude raises every 1000 meters; lower than these numbers is called anemia .36 Tripod sign （十字架征） : Positive sign is when child sits up ,he has to push the bed behind himself with whose hands to keep his position.37.Physiological jaundice （生

33、理性黃疸） : Because of the feature of neonatal bilirubin metabolism ,approximately 50%-60% mature baby and more than 80% premature baby will emerge jaundice within 2 or 3 days after birth and reach the peak at the fourth or the fifty day . If the body is in good heath, jaundice will vanish within 2 weeks in mature baby and prolong to 3 or 4 weeks in premature baby.38.Pathological jaundice （病理性黃疸） :1）The jaundice emerges during the 1st 24hours on the new born.2）The bilirub