英語(yǔ)劃分句子成分練習(xí)題及答案

1、英語(yǔ)劃分句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）We often speak Eng

2、lish in class.（代詞） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語(yǔ)從句）It is necessary to master a foreign

3、 language.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：We are students.（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)

4、詞（如以肯定的語(yǔ)氣敘述主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用系動(dòng)詞be表示說(shuō)話人所感知的主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞用look, feel, sound, taste, smell表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)變化時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞用become ,get, grow, come , turn (若跟名詞不加冠詞) ，fall (asleep, ill, silent)等，后面大多數(shù)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。但become, turn亦可接名詞作表語(yǔ)等表示主語(yǔ)的持續(xù)時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞用remain, stay , keep, continue 從印象的角度說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)和特征時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞用appear to be (常用于書(shū)面)，seem (to be )1

5、、 其后要求接形容詞，而不是副詞作表語(yǔ)。要特別注意的是有些動(dòng)詞既可以作系動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的用法。遇到這種情況時(shí)，只能先根據(jù)其意思判斷清楚到底是前者還是后者，然后再對(duì)后面的詞性和詞義作出判斷和選擇。 2、 這類詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。 3、系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)式。 表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞） Is it yours?（代詞） The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞） Three

6、times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（愛(ài)好）is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞） The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展覽）ye

7、sterday.（名詞） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語(yǔ)） I enjoy listening to popular music.動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語(yǔ)從句

8、）賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），要求雙賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的動(dòng)詞，直接賓語(yǔ)提前，動(dòng)詞后加to或for，現(xiàn)歸納如下。 后面加to的動(dòng)詞：13give 給tell 告訴bring 帶來(lái)send 寄，送hand 交給read 讀pass 遞給return 把還給lend 借給throw 扔給leave 留給promise 許諾，答應(yīng)refuse 拒絕 后面加for的動(dòng)詞：get 得到make 制造，做buy 買do 做play 演奏order 命令sing 唱歌pay 為而付錢（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六

9、）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。賓語(yǔ)+名詞”常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave賓語(yǔ)+形容詞”常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want“賓語(yǔ)+副詞”。 “賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”。 “賓語(yǔ)+不定式”。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式有三種： A 要求帶to的不定式B 要求不帶to 的不定式 let, make, have，see, , wa

10、tch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，要省去“to”。但用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，還要 加上“to等 C 單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to“賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞” see, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel“賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞” 形式賓語(yǔ)形容詞賓語(yǔ)+what 從句 例如： His father named him Dongming.（名詞） They painted their boat white.（形容詞） Let the fresh air in.（副詞） You mustnt force

11、 him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語(yǔ)） We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語(yǔ)） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞） China is a developing country; America

12、is a developed country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞） He is reading an article about how to learn Eng

13、lish.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語(yǔ)） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語(yǔ)） He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）Wait a minute.（名詞） Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）Light tra

14、vels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型口訣英語(yǔ)句子萬(wàn)萬(wàn)千，五大句型把線牽。句型種類為動(dòng)詞，后接什么是關(guān)鍵；vt.又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見(jiàn)；還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，各種搭配記心間。注意：帶特殊疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)作直接賓語(yǔ)是一種很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+P+O(間接)+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 eg: She came/ My head aches. 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) eg: She likes English. 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ) eg : She is happy 主語(yǔ) 雙賓動(dòng)詞 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) eg : She gave

15、 John a bookShe bought a book for me. 主語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) eg: She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4.

16、 What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He

17、 managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our dut

18、y to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.21. When you cross a main road, you must be careful.22 He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.23 Wait until you are called.24 I can't recognize you. You are so changed

19、since last we met.25 He didn't go to school until he was eleven.26.You can use my house as long as you are careful.27.He is so terrible once he is drunk.28I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.29.Put it where you found it. You'll be late, unless you hurry.30I did just as you told

20、me。31.They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.32.We arrived early, so that we got good seats.33.He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.34.His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 35.This is the house which we bought last month. 36.Whether he will come is not

21、 clear. It is not important who will go.37.I want to know what he has told you.38. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?39.It looks as if it is going to rain .40.It's a pity that you should have to leave41.·He is young but he  works hard. 42.He works hard ,

22、so he is a top student of class42.Hurry up,or we'll be late. 44.We rarely stay in hotels, for we cant afford it45. Some new computers were stolen last night. 46.The bikes are madeby themin the factory.47. It should be done at once. 48.He was seen to come in.49. Lily was given a sticker by Jack50

23、. Is a car being driven now?二、標(biāo)號(hào)下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Som

24、etimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the

25、harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、標(biāo)號(hào)下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。Most Saturday evenings

26、there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked

27、 about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 四、選擇填空：(

28、)1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yester

29、day morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowded

30、ly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where五、標(biāo)號(hào)下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。1、That morning we talked a great de

31、al.2、The meeting will last two hours.3、Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4、This box weighs five kilos.5、 I lived in Beijing five years ago.6、I want to talk with you this afternoon.7、They have carried out the plan successfully.8、You must finish reading these books i

32、n two weeks. 9、Jim cannot dress himself.10、All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.11、He did not know what to say.12、Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 13、At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.14、Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 15、The report sounds interesting. 16、 Mr Johnson taught us German last year17、Grandma told me an interesting story last night.18、Would you please pass me the dictionary?19、 He showed the