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1、 高中英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)材料 輔導(dǎo)一:簡(jiǎn)單句的六種基本句式: 句式1:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞) 特點(diǎn):短小精悍,表意簡(jiǎn)練,需用不及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)。 My father _ in Beijing last year. 去年我父親在北京工作. The gas has _ _.煤氣用完了。 注意:該句式的謂語(yǔ)多為不及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ),因此沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如下面的句子: Great changes have taken place in the past 30 years in China. 不可說(shuō):Great changes have been taken place in

2、 the past 30 years in China. 句式2:主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ) 特點(diǎn):句子簡(jiǎn)單,側(cè)重說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣;謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用系動(dòng)詞;表語(yǔ)多為形容詞,也可為名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式及分詞等。 系動(dòng)詞分類(lèi): 狀態(tài)類(lèi): be表像類(lèi): seem appear感官類(lèi): feel look sound smell taste 變化類(lèi): become come go get grow run turn fall 持續(xù)類(lèi): remain continue stay keep All these dictionaries _ a great help to me. 所有這些詞典都對(duì)我?guī)椭艽蟆?He

3、 always _silent at the meeting. 他開(kāi)會(huì)是總是保持沉默。 This kind of cloth _ very soft. 這種布手感很軟 He _ mad after that. 自那之后,他瘋了。 Her ideal has come _.她的理想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 注意: 連系動(dòng)詞后面一般不接副詞作表語(yǔ),如: The apple tastes well.(×) 要說(shuō):The apple tastes good. He looked sadly.(×) 要說(shuō):He looked sad. 句式3:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)賓語(yǔ) 特點(diǎn):此句式的共同特點(diǎn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

4、詞都是及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ),必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整。 They will _ _ next year. 他們明年將種植三千棵樹(shù). Some of the students are always longing for _.有些學(xué)生總是渴望著放假。 注意:該句式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用及物動(dòng)詞。如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面一定要跟介詞構(gòu)成及物詞組,如: He is listening to music.他正在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。 句式4:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) 特點(diǎn):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者,另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。 L

5、ast month my mum bought _ _ _. 我媽媽上個(gè)月給我買(mǎi)了臺(tái)電腦 That gentleman told us _ _ _. 那位紳士給我們講了個(gè)有趣的故事。 句式5:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(n./adj./adv./-ing/v-pp/to do) 特點(diǎn):該句式中動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ),才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況。 I found him out. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。 They painted the door white. 他們把門(mén)粉刷成白色。 He asked me

6、 to telephone him after 10 o'clock. 他叫我十點(diǎn)后給他打電話。 When I came in, I found him _a letter. 我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)他正在寫(xiě)信。 句式6:There be /lives/stands/happens/must be 句型 我家房前有棵樹(shù)。There is a tree in front of my house. 昨天發(fā)生了一件不愉快的事。There _ an unhappy thing yesterday. 遠(yuǎn)處有座高樓。There stands a high building in the distance.

7、會(huì)議室里有一些客人在講話. There are some people _ in the meeting room. 下周將舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。There will be a sports meet next week. 燈還亮著,辦公室里一定有人。The light is on, so there _ _ someone in the office. 輔導(dǎo)二 :英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中常見(jiàn)的幾種基本句型 1 我感到有一點(diǎn)累。I _ a bit _. 2 我妹妹是在農(nóng)村長(zhǎng)大的。My sister _ _in the countryside. 3 他因?yàn)檐?chē)子開(kāi)得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。 He _ _ _ _ becau

8、se he drove fast. 4 他總是把他的臥室收拾得干干凈凈。He always keeps _ _ _. 5 去年這個(gè)地區(qū)雨水很少. _ _ a little rain in this area last year. 句型1:感嘆句(what/how+adj/adv+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!) 多好的消息??! _ _ _ it is! _ _ the news is! 多漂亮的衣服啊! _ _ _ _ it is! _ _ the dress is! 瞧!那輛車(chē)開(kāi)得多快!Look! _ _ the car is running! 句型2:祈使句+ and/or/otherwise + 簡(jiǎn)單句

9、再試一下,你就會(huì)成功的。_ _ _ you'll succeed. 抓住這次機(jī)會(huì),否則你會(huì)后悔的。_ the chance ,_you will regret. 保持安靜,你就不會(huì)被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。_ quiet _ you won't be found. 努力找到好點(diǎn)的方法,你就會(huì)取得更大進(jìn)步。 _ to find a better way _ you will make greater progress. 句型3:簡(jiǎn)單句+and/but/so/for/while +簡(jiǎn)單句 他病了,但還是像往常一樣去上學(xué)了。He was ill, _ he went to school as usu

10、al. 湯姆很窮,而他的弟弟很富。Tom was poor _ his brother was rather rich. 他丟了工作,因此心情不好。He lost his job,_ he was depressed. 我們花了好久才到那兒,因?yàn)槁烦烫h(yuǎn)了。It took us long to get there,_ it was too far. 句型4: It作形式主語(yǔ)的句型(1)It is/was +adj./n.+to do/doing/that-clause 幫助學(xué)生是老師的責(zé)任。 _ _ _ _ _help students. 我們很難說(shuō)服他戒煙。 _ _ _ for us _ p

11、ersuade him to give up smoking. 把這件事告訴他沒(méi)用。_ _ no use _ him about it. 他竟然拒絕了邀請(qǐng),真讓人驚訝。_ _ astonishing _ he should refuse the invitation. 同他談那件事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。_ _ a waste of time _ with him about it. 我們有必要采取措施。 _ _ necessary _ we should take measures. _ _ necessary _ _ _ take measures. 我們乘火車(chē)很方便。 _ _ convenient

12、for us_ take trains 句型5:it作形式主語(yǔ)(2) Examples: It took him nine years master English. 他花了九年時(shí)間掌握英語(yǔ) It appeared that he had a taste for music. 看來(lái)他對(duì)音樂(lè)有一定的鑒賞力 It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe. 據(jù)說(shuō)李郝去過(guò)歐洲. It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明 使他改掉壞習(xí)慣將花兩個(gè)月。 It _ _ _ two m

13、onths _ get him out of the bad habit. 你要完成這項(xiàng)工作需要很大耐心。 It _ great patience _ _ _ finish the job. 據(jù)報(bào)道美國(guó)總統(tǒng)將訪華。 _ _ _ _ the US president would visit china. 看來(lái)似乎要下雪了。_ _ _ it will snow. 會(huì)議是否明天舉行還沒(méi)有決定。 _ _ _ decided _ the meeting will be held tomorrow. 句型6:it作形式賓語(yǔ) I find _important _learn spoken English.

14、我覺(jué)得學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)很重要 You may think _ strange that anyone would live there. 你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為有人會(huì)住在這里很奇怪We consider_ necessary _we should review our lessons every evening. 我們認(rèn)為每天晚上復(fù)習(xí)功課是有必要的 Students thought _a waste of time sitting there to wait for the result. 學(xué)生們認(rèn)為坐著等結(jié)果是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 Exercises: 他感到奇怪,每個(gè)人都盯著他看。 He _ _ strange _

15、 everyone was staring at him. 我覺(jué)得和朋友爭(zhēng)吵毫無(wú)益處I _ _ no good _ with friends. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不可能按時(shí)到達(dá) They_ _ impossible _ _ _ arrive on time. 她明確表示她喜歡喝咖啡he _ _ clear _ she preferred to drink coffee. 句型7:強(qiáng)調(diào)句(1) It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))+ that/ who(人)+ 其他部分 Eg: It was in the classroom that I found the lost watch.

16、 正是在教室我找到了我丟失的手表 Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 他是昨天遇到李平的嗎? It was not until I lost the chance to go abroad that I realized the importance of English. 直到我失去出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)我才意識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性 Exercises: 1 他是兩點(diǎn)到家的。 _ _ _ _ _ he arrived home 2 我是在回家的路上被人搶了錢(qián)包。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I was robbed of my wallet. 3 直到我又一次失敗了,我

17、才相信父母的話。 _ _ _ _I failed once more _ I believed my parents. 4. It was _ he said _ disappointed me. 句型8強(qiáng)調(diào)句(2): 用助動(dòng)詞“do(does/did)+動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào) Eg: 1.Do write to me when you get there 當(dāng)你到那時(shí)一定記得給我寫(xiě)信 2. Do be careful when you cross the street. 過(guò)馬路時(shí),務(wù)必(千萬(wàn))要小心??! 2. He does work hard and finish the job in tim

18、e. 他的確很努力并及時(shí)的完成工作 Exercises: 昨天我真的是步行上學(xué) Yesterday I _ go to school on foot. 一定來(lái)參加我的生日宴會(huì) _ _ to join in my birthday party. Exercises: 鞏固練習(xí) .工人們干活多努力?。。╤ard, workers, how, the, are working) _ .故事多有趣??!(what/how, it is, story, a/an/ interesting) _ _ 3. 直到九點(diǎn)他才起床。_ 5. 因?yàn)槿卞X(qián)他才輟學(xué)_ _ because of lack of money

19、_ he dropped out of school. 6. 在公共場(chǎng)所大聲講話是不禮貌的。_ _ impolite _ talk loudly in public places. 7. 吃太多巧克力沒(méi)什么好處It is no good _ too much chocolate. 8. 很遺憾我沒(méi)有早點(diǎn)想到這事。 _ _ _ _ _ I didn't think of it earlier 9. _ _ _ _ free medical care will be given to most people in our city. 我們城市的多數(shù)人將享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療,這是一定的。 10. 人

20、們相信他將被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取. 11. _ _ _ _ he will be admitted to the key university. 11. 我突然想起我可以向警方求助._ occurred to me _ I should ask the police for help. 12. 我們認(rèn)為水在餐館里免費(fèi)飲用是理所當(dāng)然的.We take _ for granted _ water is free at restaurant. 13. 手機(jī)使我們更容易相互聯(lián)系。 Cellphones make _ _ _ _ _ keep in touch with each other. 14. 據(jù)說(shuō)他上

21、個(gè)月訂婚了。_ _ _ _he got engaged last month. 15. I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. 16. _ our earth, or else it will be no longer fit for us to live on.(protect) 17. It must have rained last night, _the ground is wet. 18. I'm not feeling very well t

22、oday - _ I would do it myself. 19. - English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it? - Yes. _ more words and you will find it easier to read and write.(know) 20. I thought we'd be late for the concert, _ we managed to get there ahead of time. 輔導(dǎo)三:動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài): 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(_) I _ home for school at 7 every m

23、orning. 我每天早晨7點(diǎn)離開(kāi)家去學(xué)校 Shanghai _ in the east of China:上海位于中國(guó)的東部 When I _, I'll go to countryside. 畢業(yè)后我要去鄉(xiāng)下。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)(_) Where _ you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了 When I_ a child, I often _ football in the street. 我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,常在馬路上踢足球 一般將來(lái)時(shí)(_) Which paragraph _ I read first:我應(yīng)該先讀哪一段? We _ have a meeting today.

24、 我們今天要開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(_) We _ for you. 我們正在等你。 Mr. Green _ another novel. 他在寫(xiě)另一部小說(shuō)。 You _ always _ your mind. 你老是改變主意。 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(_) My brother fell while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車(chē)時(shí)摔了下來(lái),受了傷。 It _ when they left the station. 他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站時(shí),正下著雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun _. 我到達(dá)山頂時(shí),

25、陽(yáng)光燦爛。 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(_) Please don't call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I _ my classes then. 明天8點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)之間請(qǐng)不要給我打電話,我那時(shí)正在上課。 The minister _a speech on international affairs this time next day .隔天的這個(gè)時(shí)候部長(zhǎng)將就國(guó)際事務(wù)發(fā)表演講。 When he comes to my house tomorrow, I think I_ the report then. 當(dāng)他明天來(lái)找我時(shí),我想我那時(shí)正在寫(xiě)報(bào)告 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

26、(_) _ they _ the missing child yet? 他們找到失蹤的孩子了嗎? He _ from the city.他已離開(kāi)這個(gè)城市。 Someone _ the window.有人把窗戶(hù)打破了。 He _ for us ever since he left school.他離開(kāi)學(xué)校以后就一直為我們工作。 He _ since last week.自上個(gè)星期以來(lái)他一直很忙。 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(_) I _ reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我已經(jīng)讀完這本小說(shuō)。 She found the key th

27、at she _. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)她失去了的鑰匙。 When I woke up, it _ already _ raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了 I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I _ my lesson. 我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無(wú)所知,因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(_) He said he _ to see me.他說(shuō)他要來(lái)看我 Last Sunday we _ the Great Wall, but it rained. 上星期天我們本想去游覽長(zhǎng)城的,但卻下雨了。 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 基本構(gòu)成: _ (一)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的

28、動(dòng)作,并且還將持續(xù)下去。 I _ English since three years ago. 自從三年前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去) (二)表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 We _for you for half an hour. 我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了(人還沒(méi)到,如同在電話里說(shuō)的,還會(huì)繼續(xù)等) -Have you thought of the topic for the composition? 你想好了作文的主題了嗎? -Not yet. I _ it very carefully, but I _ 還沒(méi)有,我一直在考慮著,還沒(méi)決定。 二、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的幾種表達(dá)方式

29、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表示方法有多種形式: 1. be going to動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 (1)這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示主體現(xiàn)在的意圖,即打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事,主語(yǔ)通常指人。在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語(yǔ)也可指物,但動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者仍然是人。例如: A. What _ do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么? B. She_ be a teacher. 她打算當(dāng)一名教師。 C. The wall _ brushed white . 這面墻將刷成白色。 (2)表示說(shuō)話人根據(jù)已有的跡象認(rèn)為很可能即將發(fā)

30、生某事。這時(shí)主語(yǔ)既可指人也可指物,此結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示客觀事態(tài)的發(fā)展,而不是表示主觀的意圖。例如: A. Look at these black clouds . It_ rain. 看這些烏云。天快要下雨了。 B. I'm afraid I_ a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。 2. will / shall動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 這種結(jié)構(gòu)是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常伴有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。shall用于第一人稱(chēng),will用于第一二、三人稱(chēng),但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中will可以通用于各種人稱(chēng)。在問(wèn)句中shall常用于第一人稱(chēng)表示建議或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如: A. I _ you a letter n

31、ext month. 我下個(gè)月給你寫(xiě)信。 B. I _ to my home town next week. 我下周去老家。 C. _we go to the park? 我們?nèi)ス珗@好嗎? 如果條件從句表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),主句中常用will,而條件從句中則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。例如: If you _ to England, you will like the food there . 如果你去英國(guó)的話,你將會(huì)喜歡那兒的食物。 3. be about動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“最近或馬上要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”。例如: A. The meeting _ begin. 會(huì)議馬上開(kāi)始。 B. I

32、_ say when you interrupted me我正要張口說(shuō)話這時(shí)你打斷了我 4. bev. ing結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間,但只適用于表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如:go , come , leave , start , arrive , move , return , fly (乘飛機(jī))等,并常伴有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)以區(qū)別于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)作。例如: A. When _ you _ for your city? 你何時(shí)動(dòng)身回去? B. The Greens _ to another city the day after tomorrow. 格林

33、一家后天要搬遷到另一個(gè)城市。 C. Mr . Li _ to Shanghai tomorrow morning. 李先生明天早晨乘飛機(jī)去上海。 5. 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間的用法 一般適用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞, come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái) 表示根據(jù)規(guī)定或時(shí)間表上預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)。 A. The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. B. When does the bus go? It _ in ten minutes. C. School _ on Septem

34、ber 1 . 學(xué)校9月1日開(kāi)學(xué)。 D. Here _ the bus. = The bus is coming. E. You will miss the train unless you_at once. 如果不馬上出發(fā),你會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)的 Exercises 鞏固練習(xí): 1Hardly _ she (get) home when it began to rain. 2By the time I graduated from high school, I _ (learn) five thousand English words. 3If the train _ (delay), we will have to wait at the station. 4I'll give him the note as soon as he _(come) back. 5The flight _(take) off at 8:30. We have to get to the airport before eight. 6Over the pas

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