佛教英語詞匯1

1、一切眾生，皆有佛性，有佛性者，皆得成佛All living beings have Buddha-nature ,everyone with the Buddha-nature may attain Buddha hood.佛教 Buddhism     佛法  Buddha Dharma     達(dá)摩 Dharma    正覺 enlightenment 等覺或遍覺 effect  enlightenment   圓覺或無上覺supr

2、eme or paramount enlightenments緣起 dependent origination 八正道 the Noble Eightfold Path 不變的“我”，恒常的我 the self-same manner 十二因緣 the twelve-linked causal formula  因果律 the causal principle 須彌山（位于世界的中心）Sumeru 有情眾生Sentient beings 菩薩Bodhisattva  佛 Buddhas 釋迦牟尼佛 Sakyamuni Buddha 藥師佛 Bhaisajyagur

3、u Buddha 阿彌陀佛 Amitabha 彌勒佛 Maitreya 菩薩 Bodhisattvas 觀世音 Avalokiteivara 文殊師利 Manjushri 菩賢 Samantabhadra 地藏 Ksitigarbharaja 大勢(shì)至 Mahasthamaprapta 維摩詰 Vimalakirti 十大弟子 Ten Disciples 舍利弗 Sariputra (wisdom) 目犍連 Mahamaudgalyayana (superpower) 大迦葉 Mahakashyapa 阿那律 Aniruddha (heaven-eye)須菩提 Subhuti (expounde

4、r of emptiness) 富樓那 Purna (expounder of Dharma)迦旃延 Katyayana (discussion & exegesis) 優(yōu)波離 Upali (disciplinary) 羅侯羅 Rahula (son & esoteric activities) 阿難陀 Anada (heard much) 人物 People 悉達(dá)多 喬達(dá)摩 Siddhartha Gautama 如來 Tathagata 緣覺，辟支佛 Pratyeakabuddha聲聞 Sravakayana 阿羅漢 Arhat 阿那含 Anagami(never-retur

5、ner) 斯陀含 Sakrd-agamin (once-returner) 須陀含 Srota-apanna (stream-enterer) 比丘 Bhikhu 比丘尼 Bhikhuni 沙彌 Sramanera / Novice 沙彌尼 Sramanerika 優(yōu)婆塞 Upasaka 優(yōu)婆尼 Upasika 三藏 Tripitaka 經(jīng)藏 Sutra-pitaka 律藏 Vinaya-pitaka 論藏 Abhidharma-pitaka(Shastra) 經(jīng) Sutras 金剛經(jīng) Diamond Sutra 妙法蓮華經(jīng) Lotus Sutra 華嚴(yán)經(jīng) Avatamsaka Sutra 阿

6、含經(jīng) Agama 長(zhǎng)阿含 Dirgha-Agama 中阿含 Madhyama-Agama 雜阿含 Samyukta-Agama 增一阿含 Ekottara-Agama 法句經(jīng) Dhammapada 維摩詰經(jīng) Vimalakirti Sutra大乘涅槃經(jīng) Mahaparinirvana Sutra 大般若經(jīng) Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra 圓覺經(jīng) Sutra of Perfect (Complete) Enligntenment 阿彌陀經(jīng) Amitabha Sutra 觀無量壽經(jīng) Sutra of Meditation on Amitabha Buddha 楞伽經(jīng) Lankav

7、atara Sutra 那先比丘經(jīng) Milindapanha Sutra  論 Shastra 大乘起信論 Awakening Faith of Mahayana 大智度論 Mahaprajnaparamita Upadesha 十二門論 Dvadashamukha Shastra 中論 Madhyamaka Shastra 成實(shí)論 Satyasiddhi Shastra 宗派 Schools 禪 Chan / Zen 淨(jìng)土 Pureland 內(nèi)觀 Insight Meditation / Vipassana 唯識(shí) Consciousness Only / Vijnaptimatra

8、tasiddhi 中觀 Madhyamika 佛教名稱 Buddhist Terms 出家 Renunciation 剃度 Ordination / Ordain 業(yè) Karma 菩提心 Boddhicitta 二諦 Two Truths 勝義諦 Ultimate Truth 世俗諦 Conventional Truth 大乘 Mahayana 小乘 Hinayana 長(zhǎng)老派/南傳 Theravada 輪迴 Samsara 六道 Six Realms of Existence 天 Heaven 人 Human Being 阿修羅 Asura餓鬼 Hungry Ghost 三寶 Three Je

9、wels 法 Dharma 僧 Sangha 十二緣起 Twelve Dependent Arising 無明 Ignorance 行 Formation 識(shí) Consciousness 名色 Name & Form 六入 Sixfold Base 觸 Contact 受 Feeling 愛 Craving 取 Clinging 有 Existence / Being 生 Birth 老死 Aging & Death   八聖道 Eight Noble Path 正見 Right View 正思惟 Right Understanding 正語 Right S

10、peech 正業(yè) Right Action 正命 Right Livelihood 正精進(jìn) Right Effort 正念 Right Mindfulness 正定 Right Concentration 八識(shí) Eight Consciousness 末那 Manas 阿賴耶 Alaya 五蘊(yùn) Five Aggregates (Skandha) 色 Form 受 Feeling 想 Thinking行 Mental Formation / Volition 識(shí) Consciousness 佛之三身 Three Buddha Bodies 法身 Dharma Body / Truth Body

11、報(bào)身 Complete Enjoyment Body 化身 Emanation Body 三苦 Three Sufferings 苦苦 Suffering of Pain 壞苦 Suffering of Change 行苦 Pervasive Suffering 四念處 Four Foundations of Mindfulness 身 Body 受 Feeling 心 Mind 法 Dharma 四智 Four Wisdoms 大圓鏡智 Mirror-Like Wisdom 平等性智 Wisdom of Equality 秒觀察智 Wisdom of Discrimination 成所作智

12、Wisdom of Accomplishment 四無量心 Four Unlimited Hearts 慈 Metta / Loving Kindness 悲 Compassion 捨 Equanimity 六度 Six Paramitas 布施 Dona (giving) 持戒 Sila (precepts) 忍辱 Ksanti (patience) 精進(jìn) Virya (perseverance) 禪定 Dhyana (concentration) 智慧 Prajna (wisdom) 七覺支 Seven Enlightenment Elements 念 Mindfulness 擇法 Wis

13、dom 精進(jìn) Effort 輕安 Suppleness 定 Concentration 意 Mind  手印 Mudra 咒 Mantra 壇城 Mandala 尋 Investigate 伺 Analysis 念誦儀規(guī) Liturgy 空性 Sunyata 如來藏 Tathagata-garbha 法界 Dhamma-dhatuBon (Black) 本 教 (黑) Budda 佛 Dorje (多杰/藏文) Chapel 佛堂 Circumanbulate 轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)道 (v.) Circumanbulation 轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)道 Circumanbulator 轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)道的人 Consort 明妃

14、 Dakini 空行母 Deity 明王 Dipamkara 燃燈佛；寶光佛 Dipamkara 寶光佛；燃燈佛 Disciplinarian 鐵棒喇嘛 Dorje 多杰(藏文:金剛) Dorje 金剛 Drakpa 和尚(藏文)剛) Dratsang 扎倉(學(xué)校)Drepung Monastry 哲蚌寺 Drolma 卓瑪（藏文：度母） Drolma 度母（女菩薩） Empty 空 Enthronement 坐床 Esoteric Buddhism 密宗 Exotoric Buddhism 顯宗 Form 色 Formless 空 Ganden Monastry 甘丹寺 Great Perf

15、ection 大園滿 Green Tara 綠度母 Holy mountain 魂山 Incarnated lama 轉(zhuǎn)世活佛 Jampa 彌勒慈氏 Jokhang Temple 大昭寺 Kalachakra 時(shí)輪(金剛) Kangyur 甘珠爾(佛語) Karmapa 葛瑪巴 Khangtsen 康村(宿舍) Khatag 哈達(dá) Khenpo 堪布(主持) Kunbum M. 堪布寺(在西寧) Labrang M. 拉卜楞寺(甘南) Lama 喇嘛，指大和尚 Lineage 傳承 Mahakala 大黑天(本教中神的名字) Mahayana 大乘 Main Assembly Hall 大經(jīng)堂

16、 Maitreya 彌勒慈氏 Mandala 檀城 Mandala 曼陀螺 Manjushri 文殊(菩薩) Mantra 咒語 Master 上師 (和尚) Material 色 Medicine Buddha 藥師佛 Monlam 默然大法會(huì) Monlam 傳昭大法會(huì) Mudra 手印 Nyingma 寧瑪 Padma 蓮花 Padmasambhava 蓮花生 Panchen Lama 班禪 Partner 明妃 Pelden Lhamo 吉祥天女 Pelden Lhamo 班丹拉母 Potala 布達(dá)拉宮 Prayer meeting festival 傳昭大法會(huì) Prayer whee

17、l 傳經(jīng)筒 Ramoche Temple 小昭寺 Reincarnation 靈童 Rinpoche 活佛(通用) Sakya (Stripe hat) 花派(薩迦) Sect 教派 Sera Monastry 色拉寺(拉薩三大寺之一)Shakyamuni 施加摩尼 Shantarakshita 寂護(hù) Shantarakshita 靜命 Sharipu 舍利子 (骨灰) SkuVbumchenmo 白居寺 Sontzen Gampo 松贊干布 Soul mountain 魂山 Soul yak 魂牛l Stupa 靈塔p Sutra Chanting Hall 大經(jīng)堂a Tara 度母（女菩薩

18、） Tashilhunpo Monastry 扎時(shí)倫布寺Tengyur 丹珠爾(論部)喀澤) Tibetan Buddhism 藏傳佛教 Tibetan Studies 藏學(xué) Tibetan Tripitaka 大藏經(jīng) Tibetology 藏學(xué) Tradition 教派 Tsongkhapa 宗喀巴 Vajra 金剛 Vajrayana 密宗 White Tara 白度母 Yamataka 阿曼德迦;大威 Yamataka 怖畏金剛 Yidam 本尊GlossaryAmitabha (literally infinite light and infinite life) - The Budd

19、ha who establishes the paradise at the west of this world (Western Pure Land) where suffering beings can be reborn and practice to reach enlightenment. He is also called Amitayus. Ananda - Sakyamunis young cousin and his most learned disciple, having followed Sakyamuni the longest time and was able

20、to memorize all the teachings. Often the flanks the Buddha on the altars in Chinese Buddhist art.Arhat (literally the worthy one) - One of ten titles of a Buddha, the ultimate goal of a Buddhist. The later branch Mahayana claims that an arhat has not achieved perfect enlightenment.Apsaras - the flyi

21、ng celestial beings in Buddhist art.Asana - A sitting or standing pose. For more details, see Who is This.Avalokitesvara - The Bodhisattva of Infinite Compassion. He is the most popular Bodhisattva worshipped in Mahayana Buddhism, known in Chinese as Guanshiyin (觀世音) or Guanyin (觀音), popularly known

22、 as the "Goddess of Mercy".Asura - One of the six categories of sentient beings, the titans warring with the gods.Bodhisattva - Originally a term for the stage Sakyamuni achieved before he attained enlightenment. In Mahayana Buddhism, it refers to the sentient beings who practice to be a B

23、uddha while helping others at the same time. Brahmin - A Hindu priest or teacher, also member of the highest (sacerdotal) class among the Four Castes of India. Buddha - An enlightened one or an awaken one. The first known Buddha is the historical one, Siddhartha Gautama, also called Sakyamuni. Circu

24、mambulation - An act of worship by walking around a holy object (e.g. a stupa) in clockwise direction.Deva - The heavenly being(s), god (devil for goddess).Devaraja (the Heavenly Kings) - They are the dharma guardians of the four directions. As protectors, they always appear dressed as army generals

25、. Dharma - (1) The phenomena; (2) The law of universe; (3) The Buddhas teachings.Dhoti - loin cloth for Hindu men in India.Enlightenment (Sanskrit: bodhi) - The eradication of all greed, hatred and egotism from ones mind; and the cultivation of compassion. It is the ultimate goal of a Buddhist,

26、 believed to be attained by adhering to the Buddhas teachings.Mathura, it is celebrated for its art style. Gandhara art style has deep Hellenistic influences. Buddha statue was sculpted with straight, sharply chiseled nose and brow, classical lips, wavy hair, drapery robes and contemplative attitude

27、.');" onmouseout="tooltip.hide();">Gandhara - An art style that has deep Hellenistic influences. Its characteristic features are that figures are sculpted with straight, sharply chiseled profile, wavy hair, drapery robes and a contemplative attitude. Jataka - The stories of Sak

28、yamunis previous lives. Jingbian (經(jīng)變) - Illustrations of the narratives from a sutra.Ksitigarbha - Saviour from Hell. He is the only great Boddhisattva appearing in the form of a monk, usually holding a jewel in his right hand and/or a tin staff in his left.Lifenduijin (瀝粉堆金) - A painting technique

29、by “squeezing plaster and adhering gold foil (on the painting)”. Plaster mixed with glue was squeezed on lines or spots of a painting, such as at the image of jewelry, and then gold foil was glued while the plaster dried. It gives the effect as resplendent bas-relief. Lotus Sutra (Saddharmapundarika

30、 Sutra, Chinese: 妙法蓮華經(jīng)or法華經(jīng); means the Lotus of the Wonderful Law) - A very important Mahayanist sutra proclaims metaphysical concepts and the unity of all vehicles (paths) to salvation. Mani pearl (Cintamani) - A wish-fulfilling jewel and is used also as a metaphor for perfect wisdom. Mahakasyapa -

31、 A Brahmin who converted and became the disciple of Sakyamuni. After Sakyamunis death, he became the leader of the disciples, and directed the first assembly to recite the scriptures. He was famous for his ascetic practice.Mahasthama (or Mahasthamaprapta, literally the extreme strength) - A Bodhisat

32、tva representing the wisdom of Amitabha Buddha, usually flanks Amitabha with Avalokitesvara.Mahayana (literally the Great Vehicle/Path) - A branch of Buddhism split from Theravada, a.k.a. the Northern Buddhism (of India) which emphasizes Universalism or Salvation for all, rather than individual perf

33、ection.Maitreya - The Buddhist Messiah worshiped by all Buddhist schools. He will be the Buddha of the Future coming to Earth and help all the beings to enlightenment.Manjusri - Bodhisattva of Transcendental Wisdom. He is depicted riding on a green lion in China.Mathura - An art style of India In wh

34、ich Buddha images closely resembled the Indian male fertility gods and have shorter, curlier hair, and lighter robes which look transparent or simply suggested by a few lines.Medicine Buddha (Sanskrit: Bhaisajaguru) - The Buddha of Healing who establishes the paradise at the east of this world (East

35、ern Pure Land). He cures physical diseases as well as inner illness of greed, hatred and ignorance.Meditation - A step in the spiritual practice to concentrate ones mind to understand the meaning of life.Mudra - A symbolic hand gesture to show the universal meanings of life. For details, see Who is

36、This.Nirvana - The ultimate goal of a Buddhist. The state in which all vaxations and sufferings from samsara (the cycle of birth-and-death) are extinguished.Prabhutaratna (literally abundant treasures) - A Buddha of the past usually appears together with Sakyamuni to praise the teaching of Lotus Sut

37、ra. Pure Land - A paradise where sentient beings can strive toward enlightenment, and be free from the sufferings and difficulties of life on earth. Sakyamuni (literally the Saint from the Sakya Clan) - The historical Buddha Siddhartha Gautama (c.600 BC).Samantabhadra - The Bodhisattva of Universal

38、Worthy. He is always depicted riding on a six-tusked white elephant in China.Samsara - the endless cycle of birth-and-death. The sentient beings are reborn within these six realms as: a deva (god), a human being, an asura, an animal, a hungry ghost or a being in hell. Sassanian - The last great Iran

39、ian empire (224-651 AD) before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam in Western Asia. Stupa - A religious structure which serves as a receptacle for relics or just a site of worship and pilgrimage, representing the Buddha. Sumeru - The cosmic mountain at the centre of the universe, shaped like an hourglas