(完整word版)上海版牛津英語(yǔ)8B資料2

1、上海版牛津英語(yǔ) 8B 第一章 學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)材料（11.01）學(xué)習(xí)新詞語(yǔ)product n. 產(chǎn)品 例如：Our new product will go on the market.我們的新產(chǎn)品即將上市。【同根詞】：produce， product ionproduce v. 生產(chǎn)；制造；產(chǎn)生 例如：We produce vegetables.我們生產(chǎn)蔬菜。producti onn. 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生 例如：、The product ion of televisi on sets is very complex. 電視機(jī)制造非常復(fù)雜。 scie ntist n.科學(xué)家 例如：My brother s am

2、bition is to be a scientis 我兄弟的志愿是成為一名科學(xué)家?！就~】：scienee, scientificscienee n.科學(xué)scientific adj.科學(xué)的 例如：The scientists in this university are interested in modern science and they spend most of their timeon their scientific research.這所大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們對(duì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)感興趣，他們把大部分時(shí)間用于科學(xué)研究。breathe v.呼吸例如：He breathed hard whe n

3、 he was ill yesterday.他昨天生病時(shí)，費(fèi)力地呼吸?！就~】：breath, 呼吸 例如：Smith s heavy breath disturbed his wife史密斯 s 沉庭的乎吸擾亂了他、太太的睡眠。hectare n. 公頃 1 hectare = 10,000 square metres （1 公頃=10,000 平方米） 例如：That factorygversa n area of 150 hectares.那個(gè)工廠占地 150 公頃。 alive adj【詞義辨析】：alive，alive 是表語(yǔ)形容詞，I am your frie nd as lon

4、g as I am alive.白也、右也口- .（be） in terested in 對(duì).感興趣 例如：Are you interested in movies? 你對(duì)電影感興趣嗎？【詞義辨析】：interested， interestinginterested adj.感興趣的。一般表示對(duì)某人或某物感興趣。例如：He is interested in computers. 他對(duì)電腦感興趣。in teresti ng adj.有趣的；令人感興趣的。一般表示某樣事物令人感興趣。He is an interesting boy.他是個(gè)有趣的男孩。Chemistry is an interest

5、ing subject. All of us are interested in it.化學(xué)是一門(mén)有趣的學(xué)科，我們都對(duì)它感興趣。as well as 也，還 例如：They study French as well as Ch in ese 他們既學(xué)法語(yǔ)也學(xué)中文?！驹~義辨析】：as well as, not onlybut also,bothand都用于連接兩個(gè)相同的語(yǔ)法部分。as well as 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩個(gè)相同語(yǔ)法部分的前者。例如：He can play violin as well as guitar.他既能拉小提琴，也能彈吉他。（強(qiáng)調(diào)會(huì)小提琴）n ot o nlybut also 強(qiáng)調(diào)

6、的是兩個(gè)相同語(yǔ)法部分的后者。例如：He can play not only violin but also guitar.他不僅能拉小提琴，也能彈吉他。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)會(huì)吉他）bothand前后兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法部分都注重。例如：He can play both violin and guitar.他能演奏小提琴和吉他。（不分前后一樣重要）air con diti oner n.j.（表語(yǔ)形容詞）活著；在世livi ng都是“活著”的意思，用法不同。例如：般在句子中放在系動(dòng)詞后面，用作表語(yǔ)。例如：只要我活著就是你的朋友。living 是定語(yǔ)形容詞，一般在句子中放在名詞前用作定語(yǔ)。例如：There are not

7、 any livi ng things in the mou ntai n area 在 這個(gè)山區(qū)里沒(méi)有任何活著的東西。 warn v.警告：使警惕 例如：Xiaofe ng warned me aga inst pickpockets. 小峰警告我要提防扒手?！就~】：warni ng n.警告；警示 例如： /There is a warni ng sig n at the corner of the street.街角那兒有一塊警示牌。nature n.自然界；大自然 例如： 、I am in favour of return to n ature. 我贊成回歸自然。【同根詞】：n a

8、tural adj.自然的 例如：、This mountain village has natural beauty. 這個(gè)山村有自然的美?！驹~組】：空調(diào) 例如：Air con diti oners make us feel more comfortable in summer and win ter. 夏天和冬天，空調(diào)使我們感到更加舒服。one ano ther 互相 例如：、We must help one ano ther and lear n from one ano ther.我們必須互相幫助，互相學(xué)習(xí)?！就x詞】：each other- 互相； 彼此-語(yǔ)法知識(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

9、時(shí)表示的意義：1. 表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，鋰調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是此時(shí)此刻。例如；I am readi ng an En glish book.我正在看一本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。She is watchi ng TV.她正在看電視。2. 表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：What less ons are you studyi ng this week?你們本周學(xué)哪些課了？ Tom s parents are working in Chinathis year 湯姆的父母今年一直在中國(guó)工作。二. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞 be +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，b

10、e （am, is, are 是助動(dòng)詞，不做聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞用， 不解釋“是”。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：1. 肯定句由“主語(yǔ)+ be + v.-i ng +其他”構(gòu)成。例如：I am clea ning the classroom.我正在打掃教室。They are play ing the pia no.2. 否定句由“主語(yǔ) + be + not +v.-i ng +其他”構(gòu)成。例如：He is not watchi ng TV.他沒(méi)在看電視。 They are not writi ng.他們沒(méi)在寫(xiě)東西。3. 一般疑問(wèn)句由“ Be +主語(yǔ)+ v.-ing +其他？”構(gòu)成， 其肯定答句為“ Yes,主語(yǔ)+ be”

11、否定答 句為“ No,主語(yǔ)+ be + not”。例如：Is she liste ning to the music?她正在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)嗎？Yes, she is. / no, she isn 是的，她在聽(tīng)。/不，她不在聽(tīng)。Are they runnin g?他們正在跑步嗎？Yes, they are. / No, they aren是的,t 他們?cè)谂堋? 不，他們不在跑。4. 特殊疑問(wèn)句由“特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + be +主語(yǔ)+ v.-ing +其他？ ”構(gòu)成。例如：What are you doi ng?你們正在做什么？Who is he talk ing to?他正在和誰(shuí)談話？三. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：1

12、. 直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ing。例如：teach teach ing play play inglook look inggogoing2. 以不發(fā)音的字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉 e 再加-ing。例如：write writ ingtaketakinglivelivi nggive givi ng3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母再加-ing。例如：putputt ingrunrunningbeg in begi nningswimswimmi ng四. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志：1. 句中有副詞 now 時(shí)，常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：The

13、 childre n are playi ng football now.孩子們現(xiàn)在正在踢足球。2. 句首有 look, listen 提醒注意時(shí)，提示我們動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Look! A train is coming. 看！ 火車(chē)來(lái)了。Liste n! He is readi ng.聽(tīng)！他正在朗讀。3. 句首有表示鐘點(diǎn)的時(shí)間時(shí)，提示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：It s six o clock. My mother is cooking break!在六點(diǎn)了，我媽媽正在做早餐。4. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或上下文理解，如果是動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Don

14、t make no ise. The baby is sleep in 不要吵，嬰兒正在睡覺(jué)。五. 沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：在英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有或很少有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。到目前為止，我們學(xué)過(guò)的沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞可分為以下幾類(lèi)：1. 表示感覺(jué)的感官動(dòng)詞，如 see “看見(jiàn)”，hear “聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，find “找到”，notice “留意”等。 例如：Do you hear the noise of a plane 你聽(tīng)到飛機(jī)的聲音了嗎？We see him.我們看見(jiàn)他了。注意：有些表示感觀的動(dòng)詞，如 listen to, look at 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是聽(tīng)和看的動(dòng)作，而不是結(jié)果，所以可 用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。例如：T

15、hey are liste ning to the teacher.他們?cè)诼?tīng)老師講課。2.表示態(tài)度和感情，心理狀態(tài)等意思的動(dòng)詞，如like“喜歡”，love “愛(ài)”，know “知道”， want “想要”，hope “希望”，hate “恨”，think “認(rèn)為”，believe “相信”等。例如：I like dog.我喜歡狗。I wa nt to go out for a walk now.我現(xiàn)在想出去散步。3. 當(dāng) have, has 表示“擁有”時(shí)。例如：I have a lot of books.我有許多本書(shū)。-注意：當(dāng) have, has 表示“吃飯； 開(kāi)會(huì)； 玩得痛快”等意思時(shí)

16、，可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如:-We are hav ing a good time.我們玩得很愉快。4.表示狀態(tài)的 be 動(dòng)詞“是”。例如：He is at home.他在家里。六. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：(1)一 般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性，通常與always,ofte n, sometimes, usually 等頻度副詞以及 in the day, in the morni ng / after noon / eve ning, on Sundays, at weeke nds 等短語(yǔ)連用。例如：My father ofte n

17、reads books after dinner.我父親經(jīng)常飯后看書(shū)。(2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示講話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的事情，通常與 n ow, these days, at this time等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：一 ，、He is playi ng the pia no now.他現(xiàn)在正在彈鋼琴。Look! They are watching TV.看！他們正在看電視。2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成有三種情況： be動(dòng)詞用am, is, are；實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用原形或第三人 稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞原形。，例如：My brother is a policeman.我的哥哥

18、是一名警察。(be 動(dòng)詞用 is)She doesn t wear a white unifo 她不穿白色工作服。(實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式)He can speak En glish.他會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞原形)(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成為：be (am, is, are) +v.-ing。例如：Are you clea ning the classroom?你正在打掃教室嗎？She is eati ng dinner.她正在吃飯。相關(guān)練習(xí)題填空：1. Now the stude nts each_an En glish-Ch in ese dictio nary. (have

19、)2. What is Mum doing now? She_ some clothes. (wash)3. Whose watch is lost? Mr. Smith s. Look! He_ it everywhere. (look for)4. Cindy, dinner is ready. Where s JoHe_homework in his room. (do)5. Don t turn on the TV. Grandma_晴可.(sleep)1. How many kinds of polluti on do you know?a)_b)_ c)_2. Think up s

20、ome ways of fighting pollution:a) _b) _c) _d) _e) _3. What can we get from trees and that we use ,eat, drink or wear in our daily lives?a) use:_b) eat:_c) drink:_d) wear:_4. When is Tree-planting Day in China? Do you know any other countries ?2.各個(gè)擊破:Words(單詞)1) .熟讀課文中出現(xiàn)的新單詞，掌握其音、形、義、；類(lèi)及其搭配2) .查詞典，了解

21、下列詞的意思，主要搭配,及抄下至少一個(gè)例句。a._com muni cate _,b.hardly _ ,_c.in terview _,_tect_ ,_e.release_,_f.pure_,_3) .找出符合a.n_ made by nature, not by manb.n_ unpleasantc.sip_ drink in small amountsd.oa life-giving gas found in aire. a c_ something produced by chemistryf. h_ area of 10,000 square metresg. w_sa

22、y that something bad or dangerous may happen3. 重難點(diǎn)突Phrases（短語(yǔ)）把握下列短語(yǔ).a.be interested in_b.indan ger_c.cut down_d.let out _e.belong to_f.on earth_g.keepalive_municate with_tect oneself_4. 合作探究”Read Protecti ng our en vir onment“ polluti on fighte Discuss ”hat you can lear n from the textingroups

23、. Judy is collect ing in formati on for a project on pollutio n. What does she lear n?P1-2:_P3-12:_P13-14:_P15-16:5. 訓(xùn)練A. Fill in the blanks with correct words.1. The old man is so weak. He can_ stand.2. The new park covered an area of six_ .3. At the top of high mountains, there is very little_ in

24、the air.4. I must_ you not to go out. There is a storm coming.5. This country has few_ resources.6. The farmer used a_ to kill the in sects in their fields.7. These days we can_ with pen-friends by e-mails.8. The TV progarmme_a famous film director about his latest film.9. There s a_ smell coming fr

25、om the dustbin.10. The water in the stream was not polluted. It was_ .11. The police_ some pris oners last year.12. He forgot to tur n off the air con diti oner, so it was_ all ni ght.B. Do Part D. Find the facts by yourselves.C. Do Part E Read and think6. 拓展延伸In groups, make your own poster about t

26、rees and the ben efits of trees. Put it up in your classroom orschool. Let every one know the importa nee of protect ing trees.Assig nmen ts:1. remember the new phrases. 2. Search and get more in formati on about the ben efits of trees.課后測(cè)評(píng)題I.Choose the best answer1. We should have_ fast food,_ fres

27、h vegetables and take eno ugh exercise.A. fewer, fewer B. less, more C. fewer, more D. less, less2. This cup of water is very hot. You can only_ , or you will be hurt.A. eat B. drink C. sip D. have3. Stude nts will make great progress if they_a subject.A. are in terested in B. are in terest ingC. ar

28、e in terestedD. are in terest ing in4. The in dex page of a book usually comes_.A. at the beg inning of a book B. in the middle of a bookC. at the end of a book D. at the bottom of each page5. Don t_ him_into the forest. We are not allowed_the big trees.A. let, goes, cut dow nB. let, go, to cut dow

29、nC. lets, goes, cuts dow n D. lets, to go, cut dow n6. Have you fini shed your homework?A. chemical B. chemistry C chemicals D. chemistry s7. I_you aga in.A. warned B. warnC. wont warn D. am warning8. They were warned_ the mou ntain in such bad weather.A. to climb B. not to climbC. climbi ngD. n ot

30、climbi ng9. The room is_small_ hold so many people.A. so, that B. too, to C. very, to D. eno ugh, to10. Her mother asked her where_ holidays.A. did you spe ndB. you spe nt yourC. she spe nt her D. did she spe ndn.Choose the words or expressions which are closest in meaning to underlined partsA. almo

31、st noB. thi nk it is trueC. quite a lotD. drink in small amountofE. un pleasa ntF. made by n atureG. worki ng1. Doctor Ray is a scie ntist about trees. We suppose she knows everyth ing about trees.2. My watch isn riinning well.3. There is hardly any chanee that we will win the football match.4. The

32、tea was so hot that she could not drink it fast, so she had to sip it.5. I don t like the cheese withnflsy smell.川.Fill in the blanks with the words in the box in their p-roper formshealthy chemistrypolluti oncom muni cati onwarn dan gerousnature1. He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in_

33、.2. Water is one kind of the_eleme nts.3. The workers used a_to kill mice in the factory.4. The Japa nese can not speak En glish. Would you please use Japa nese to_with them?5. There is a_before the film in each DVD.6. We must stop that factory from_the river as soon as possible.IV. Rewrite the sent

34、ence as required1. Trees are com muni cati ng with one ano ther.（ 改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定回答）_com mun icati ng with one ano ther? Yes,_.2. Judy is in terviewi ng Doctor Ray. （改為否定句）Judy_ Doctor Ray.3. Scientists are only now beginning to understand trees.（對(duì)戈 U 線部分提問(wèn)）_scie ntists only now begi nning to_ ?4. We ar

35、e destroying our best fighters against pollution.（對(duì)戈卩線部分提問(wèn)）_you_ ?V. Reading comprehensionAA plant makes its own food in its leaves. Water comes to the leaves through the roots. Air goes into theleaves through very small holes. The green coloring in the leaves uses the water and air to make the food

36、for the plant. It also needs sunshine because a pla nt can make food only whe n the sun is shining.Animals and people could not live without green plants. They both eat plants. People and someanimals also eat the meat of some animals and these animals eat pla nts.T and F1. A plant gets food from its

37、 roots.2. A plant has very small holes in its leaves for air to come in.3. A plant can make its food when it is cloudy.4. Water comes into a plant through its roots.5. People could live without pla nts.BDeserts do not stay the same size. Sometimes they grow bigger. Sometimes they get smaller. Thewor

38、ld s biggest desert, the Sahara, is in Africa. Right now, the Sahara Desert is grow ing fast.Why is the Sahara growing? In some places, people farm too much. In other places, animals eat allthe grass. Or, people cut down the trees. This makes the soil weak. Weak soil lets the desert grow.Why is it a

39、 problem? People cannot grow food in the desert. People cannot built houses, hospitals, orschools in the desert. So, people must leave their homes. They must live somewhere else.What can people do? They can plant trees. They can also farm less. These things make the soil stronger. Maybe the Sahara w

40、illstop grow in g. It s a big problem. Many people must work together to solve it.T and F6. The size of the deserts stay the same all the time.7. One of the reasons for the growing of Sahara is farming too much.8. Deserts make trouble for people.9. Pla nting trees can help people farm less.10. Stopp

41、 ing the grow ing desert is not a big problem.上海版牛津英語(yǔ) 8B 第二章 學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)材料學(xué)習(xí)新詞語(yǔ)daily adv. 每天(every day)例如：I want to study En glish well, so I have to practise it daily.我想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，因此我必須每天練習(xí)。He plays football daily.他每天都踢足球。daily adj.每日的；日常的 n.日?qǐng)?bào) 例如：There are great cha nges in their daily lives.他們的日常生活有巨大的變化。This

42、 is a People s Daily 這是一份人民日?qǐng)?bào)。in crease v.(使)增加 例如：The wheat product ion in creased a great deal this year.今年的小麥產(chǎn)量大幅度增加。We have in creased the price of paper.我 們提高了紙張的價(jià)格?！痉戳x詞】：decrease v.減少 例如：The populati on in Germa ny decreased last year.去年德國(guó)的人口減少了。Your hunger decreases as you eat.你的饑餓感在你吃飯時(shí)會(huì)漸漸消失

43、。 impatie ntadj. 不耐煩的 例如：She is becoming impatient. 她變得著急起來(lái)。【同根詞】： patie nt; impatie nt; patie nee1.patient adj.有耐心的，例如：She is so kind and always patient with those naughty children.她對(duì)這些淘氣的孩子們是如此的和藹，有耐心。2.impatie nt adj. an gry at havi ng to wait 不耐煩的，急躁的，例如：As a nurseryteacher, you mustn t be impat

44、ient with the children.作為幼兒園教師，你不該對(duì)孩子急躁。3. patienee n.容忍；耐心，例如：I have no patie nee with him aga in.我對(duì)他不再有耐心 了。 comfortably adv.舒服地 例如：He is sitti ng comfortably in that armchair.他舒服地坐在那把扶手椅子里?！就~】：comfort; comfortable; comfortably1. comfort v.安慰；鼓舞 n.安樂(lè)；舒適；安逸，例如：He lives in comfort.他過(guò)得很舒服。（n.）I fou

45、nd comfort in his words.我從他的話中得到了安慰。（n.）She comforted the sick child.她安慰這個(gè)生病的孩子。（v.）2. comfortable adj.舒適的，舒服的，例如：She lives a comfortable life.她過(guò)著舒適的生活。3. comfortably adv. with no pai n or worry 舒適地，安樂(lè)地 pump 1. v. push by machi ne 用泵）抽，抽吸；打氣，例如：The villagers had pumped the well dry and could get no

46、more water.村民們已把水井抽干了，再也抽不出水來(lái)了。He pumped up his tires.他給車(chē)胎打足了氣。2. n.泵；水泵，例如：They are wateri ng the fields with many pumps.他們正用許多泵澆灌著田地。freeze v. （ froze froze nfreez ing）1. stop moving suddenly 突然停止，驚呆），例如:Fear made him freeze in his tracks.恐懼使他突然停止前進(jìn)。He froze in front of the audie nee.他在觀眾面前嚇呆了。2.

47、冷凍，冷藏（食物），例如：Not all fruit and vegetables freeze well.并非所有的水果和蔬菜都適合冷藏。plant n. 1. building with machines in it 工廠，車(chē)間， 例如：Whe n the pla nt closed dow n, many factory workers lost their jobs. 工廠關(guān)門(mén)了，很多工人失業(yè)了。2.植物，例如：Trees and vegetables are pla ntsW木和蔬菜是植物?！驹~義辨析】：speed; hurry1. speed v. （sped sped speed

48、ing） move quickly 指快速運(yùn)動(dòng)或行動(dòng)。例如：The ambula nee sped to the hospita I 救護(hù)車(chē)快速開(kāi)往醫(yī)院。He was arrested for speedi ng.他因超速行車(chē)而被捕。The train sped through the coun tryside.火車(chē)從鄉(xiāng)間飛馳而過(guò)。Postal workers labored overtime to speed delivery of the Christmas mail.郵政工人加班加點(diǎn)已加速圣誕期間新信件的發(fā)送。2. hurry v. move or do sth. quickly or

49、too quickly意指比通?？斓枚嗟乃俣?，經(jīng)常伴隨著混亂或騷動(dòng)。例如：If you don t hurry, you ll miss tl 如果你 n 不迅速些，你將會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)班機(jī)了。Don t let anyone hurry you into making a decisi on youter. ll regret la不要在任何人的催促下作出你以后會(huì)為之后悔的決定。reply;an swer （ v. & n.）1. reply 和 answer 都表示“回答”， 都可以做名詞和動(dòng)詞。 answer 為一般用語(yǔ)； reply 的用法比 較正式，多用于經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮后對(duì)對(duì)方問(wèn)題和論點(diǎn)

50、作出解釋、辯論或陳述性回答。這兩個(gè)詞在做名詞時(shí)都可以與 to 連用，指“. 的答案或答復(fù)”。answer 較常用，如：answer a question（the door bell, the phone, the letter, etc.）例如：He has an swered my letter.此句僅表明他回了我的信，說(shuō)明他已經(jīng)收到我的信。）An swer this questio n.回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。（動(dòng)詞）I asked her the reason, but she didn我問(wèn)她原因助 她卻沒(méi)有回答。（動(dòng)詞）I received no reply / an swer to my re

51、quest .我的要求沒(méi)有得至 U 任何答復(fù)。（名詞）They did n ot reply to our new suggesti on.他們對(duì)我們的新建議沒(méi)有作出答復(fù)。（動(dòng)詞）I had no reply to my letter.我沒(méi)收到回信。（名詞）2. answer 是及物動(dòng)詞，后面可直接跟賓語(yǔ)；而 reply 是不及物動(dòng)詞，跟賓語(yǔ)須與 to 連用; 可表示對(duì)電話、敲門(mén)等作出的應(yīng)答，而reply 則沒(méi)有這種用法。例如：He has replied to my letter.（此句表明他將我信中的問(wèn)題都一一回答了。）You must reply to / an swer this le

52、tter right away.你必須馬上回復(fù)這圭寸信。Who an swered the telepho ne?誰(shuí)接的電話？如果是指練習(xí)題的“答案”，一般用answer。例如：The answer to 6 multiplying 10 is 60.六乘以十的答案是六十。五.常用詞組：answervanish v. disappear 消失，突然不見(jiàn)，vanish into thin air 消失不見(jiàn) vanish indarkness 在黑暗中消失 reply v. & n.常用詞組有：in reply （to）為答復(fù).；作為對(duì).reply for sb.代表某人作答辯 look

53、v.常用詞組有：vanish from sight 消失不見(jiàn)vanish into no thi ng 化為烏有的答復(fù) make (n o) reply 不)作答復(fù)/答謝祝酒reply to 回答；答復(fù)use onessight; turn the eyes in some direction; try to see 看; 視； 望。常用詞組look arou nd 四周環(huán)顧 look at 看，朝看look back（與 on, to 連用）回想，想起 look for尋找look like 看起來(lái)像look out 注意，小心 look over 翻閱，瀏覽look up 在書(shū)中查到，查閱

54、（詞典）finish with 以.為結(jié)束，例如：He fini shed with the work.He fini shed the performanee with a song. 他以一首歌曲結(jié)束表演。 remember not to do sth. 記得不要做某事，例如：You must remember not to pollute the water.你們必須記住，不能把水污染了。Remember not to make the same mistake aga in.記住不要再犯相同的錯(cuò)誤了。 mea n by .意思是，例如：What do you mean by sayin

55、g that?你那樣說(shuō)是什么意思？語(yǔ)法知識(shí)一.句型 It is + adj. + for sb. （of sb.） to do sth.（對(duì)事加以評(píng)論 /對(duì)人加以評(píng)論） 不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用形式主語(yǔ) it 來(lái)代替，而真正的主語(yǔ)放在句子的謂語(yǔ)后面。例如:It is difficult for you to read through this book a week or so.對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)一星期左右看完這本書(shū)有困難。It is useful for you to learn how to use the computer. 學(xué)習(xí)使用計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)你有好處。It was brave of you to

56、go into the burning build ing to save the child.你沖入火場(chǎng)救那個(gè)孩子，真勇敢。It s necessary for us to learn English today.在對(duì)我們來(lái)講，學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常重要。(a) few 和(a) little 的用法1. (a) few 用在可數(shù)名詞 n.C之前，(a) little 用在不可數(shù)名詞 n.U之前。例如：He took a few biscuits. (a few = several) 他拿了幾塊餅干。He took few biscuits. (few = not ma ny) 他拿的餅干不多。He t

57、ook a little butter. (a little = some) 他拿了點(diǎn)黃油。He took little butter. (little = not much) 他拿的黃油不多。2. few 可由 hardly any 或 almost no 所替代，含否定的意味。例如：The composition is well written; it has few mistakes. = The composition is well written; it has hardlyany mistakes.這篇作文很好寫(xiě)，幾乎沒(méi)有多少錯(cuò)誤。Few men can solve it. =

58、Almost no men can solve it. 幾乎沒(méi)有人能解決它。3. a few 相當(dāng)于 some, several,含肯定的意味。例如：He has a few frie nds. = He has some frie nds. = He has several frie nds.他有一些朋友。4. a little 和 little 之間的差別，就和 a few 和 few 的差別一樣，只是(a) little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表量或程度。例如：He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.他病情惡化了，恢復(fù)的希望很小

59、了。He is not much better, but there is a little hope.他病情不是那么好，但是有點(diǎn)希望。三.其它的數(shù)量形容詞1. plenty of, a lot of, lots of 都表示許多，修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。例如：The room contained ple nty of / a lot of / lots of stude nts. 這個(gè)房間容納了許多學(xué)生。(stude nts是復(fù)數(shù)名詞)The room contained plenty of / a lot of / lots of furniture.這個(gè)房間容納了許多家具。 (fu

60、rniture 是 不look round 環(huán)視look after 照料，照顧look dow n on 輕視，看不起look out of 朝.外看look through 從頭看完，透視look up and dow n 上下打量他以這項(xiàng)工作做為結(jié)束可數(shù)名詞)2. a great deal of, a good deal of, a large qua ntity of, a small qua ntity of, a large amount of, a smallamount of 均表量，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如：The room contained a large quantity of furn