考博英語作文參考范文【五篇】

1、考博英語作文參考范文【五篇】01 Schooling and EducationIt is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless， it has been said thattoday children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is i

2、mportant. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere， whether in the shower or in the job， whether in a kitchenor on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of in

3、formal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio， from a child to adistinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability ， education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may l

4、ead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education ， then ，is a very broad ， inclusive term. It is a lifelong process ， a process that starts long before the start of school ， and one that should be an integral part of one'

5、 s entirelife. Schooling ， on the other hand ， is a specific， formalizedprocess ， whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country ， children arrive at school at approximately the same time ， take assigned seats ， are taught by an adult ， use similar textbooks，

6、do homework ， take exams ，and so on.The slices of reality that are to be learned， whether they are thealphabet or a understanding of the working of government， haveusually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example ， high school students know that there not likely to fin

7、d out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.02 The Language of MusicA painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall， andeveryo

8、ne can see it. A composer writes a work， but no one can hearit until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities ， for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long andas arduous a training to become aperformer as a medical student need

9、s to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique， for musicians have to have themuscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day ， as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving t

10、he fingers of the left hand up and down， whiledrawing the bow to and fro with the right armtwo entirely differentmovements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety for the notes are already there， waiting for them ， and

11、 it is thepiano tuner 's responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion ， and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture isone that confronts

12、student conductors: they have to learn toknowevery note of the music and how it should sound， and they have toaim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so

13、 thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.03 The Definition of“Price Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price sy

14、stem of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services，including labor ， professional ， transportation ， and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices make up the“ syst

15、em of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad， complicated system of prices in whicheverything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.Ifone were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “ price ， many would reply that price is an amount

16、 of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or， in other wordsthat price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is， of course ， valid asfar as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in anyparticular transact

17、ion， much more than the amount of money involvedmust be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount ， but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged， the time and place at which theexchange will take place and payment will be made

18、， the form of moneyto be used ， the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction ， guarantees on the product or service， delivery termsreturn privileges ， and other factors. In other words ， both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package b

19、eing exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.04 ElectricityThe modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used toelectric lights ， radio ， televisions ， and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When ther

20、e is a power failure ， people grope about in flickering candlelight， carshesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them， and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet ， peoplebegan to understand how electricity works only a little more than twocenturies ago.Nature has appare

21、ntly been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity determine how well the heart is working. The brain ， too ， sends out brain waves of electricity ， which can be recorded in an el

22、ectroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by mostthat could benefit humanity. of electricity. As the heart beats they form an electrocardiogramAll living cell send out tiny pulses ， it sends out pulses of record; ， which a doctor can study toliv ing cells are extremely small- ofte n so sma

23、ll that sen sitiveinstruments are needed to record them. But in some animals， certainmuscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together ， the effects can be astonishing.Theelectric eel is

24、 an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eels body are specialized for generating electri

25、city， and the strengthof the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05 The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for t

26、his view goes as follows. In the beginning， human beings viewed the natural forces ofthe world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable， and theysought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained an

27、d repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned but the stories ， later called myths， persisted and providedmaterial for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolvedout

28、of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music ， dance ， masks， and costumes were almost always used ， Furthermore ， a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate，aclear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition ， there wer