中考英語專題復習課件-虛擬語氣

1、Definition陳述語氣（陳述語氣（the Indicative Mood）用來陳述一個事實，或提用來陳述一個事實，或提出一個想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。出一個想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。The fish is not alive without water.虛語語氣（虛語語氣（the Subjunctive Mood）表示說話人的一種表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時是一種非真實的假設、愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時是一種非真實的假設、料想，或是不可能實現(xiàn)的與事實相反的愿望。料想，或是不可能實現(xiàn)的與事實相反的愿望。1. 虛擬語氣的考點虛擬語氣的考點 1一些常見

2、的虛擬語氣的句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。一些常見的虛擬語氣的句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。 2虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、建議、命令、提虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、建議、命令、提議、意愿等的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句議、意愿等的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬形式。中的虛擬形式。 3主從句表示不同的時間概念、事實或假設情況，從而交錯主從句表示不同的時間概念、事實或假設情況，從而交錯成為復合虛擬語氣。成為復合虛擬語氣。 4含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣的表示愿望的虛擬形式。含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣的表示愿望的虛擬形式。 上述四個要點往往在完形填空或者閱讀理上述四個要點往往在完形填空或者閱讀理解

3、里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考這方面的知識的題目，而在有一道直接考這方面的知識的題目，而在閱讀理解里，我們掌握上述四個重點對于閱讀理解里，我們掌握上述四個重點對于我們理解文章的大意和作者態(tài)度很有幫助，我們理解文章的大意和作者態(tài)度很有幫助，了解哪些觀點是作者假設的、虛擬的，哪了解哪些觀點是作者假設的、虛擬的，哪些是真實的，這樣對于我們回答關(guān)于作者些是真實的，這樣對于我們回答關(guān)于作者態(tài)度觀點題很有幫助態(tài)度觀點題很有幫助 if if引導的虛擬條件句引導的虛擬條件句區(qū)別區(qū)別:If it rains tomorrow, the crops will b

4、e saved.陳述語氣陳述語氣If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣If + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might +動詞原形動詞原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我會再試一次。如果我是你，我會再試一次。2.2.如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條

5、件句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句If +主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +動詞完成式（動詞完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力學的話，他就通過這次考試。如果他努力學的話，他就通過這次考試。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是當時我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。要是當時我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句與過去事實

6、相反的虛擬條件句與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句( (通常有時間狀語通常有時間狀語) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天來的話如果他明天來的話, ,我會告訴他這件事我會告訴他這件事.2.2.如果他明天來的話如果他明天來的話, ,我會告訴他我會告訴他.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +動詞原形動

7、詞原形虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 Subjunctive Mood時間時間條件從句條件從句 if主句主句過去過去had donewould/should/could/might have done現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在did/werewould/should/could/might do將來將來1.should do2.were to do3.did退一步退一步 海闊天空海闊天空even if/ though, wish, if only等從句等從句的虛擬與它相同。的虛擬與它相同。If you _tomorrow, you _find the new manager working in the office. A.

8、 should come; would B. would come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; mightIf the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrivedIf he _he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warne

9、d; would not have takenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken倒裝的倒裝的If If虛擬句虛擬句條件狀語的倒裝：條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語中有如果條件狀語中有were, had, should時時, , 可以倒可以倒裝成：裝成：Were / Should / Had + +主主+ +其他其他Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been th

10、ere yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out._the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he pa

11、ssedC. Were he passed D. If he should pass_five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive _it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A. Were B. should C. would D. willwishwish引導的虛擬句引

12、導的虛擬句I wish I I wish I rememberedremembered the the address.address.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he How I wish he had not lefthad not left. .要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）I wish it I wish it would rainwould rain tomorrow. tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預料明天不會下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預料

13、明天不會下雨）wish + thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在had done 過去過去would / might /would do 將來將來5. If only (1) 要是就好了要是就好了 = I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。If only our parents could

14、 live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我沒錯過火車就好了要是我沒錯過火車就好了.Exercises:“ Have you visited the Science Museum?”“ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. have D. willI didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.A. was B. were C. had been D. wentI wish I _ you yesterday.A. see B. did s

15、ee C. had seen D. were to see -He is a brave man.-Yes, I wish I _his courage.A. Have B. had C. will have D. would haveTom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teachThe picture exhibition bored me to death.

16、I wish I_to it.A. hadnt gone B. havent goneC. didnt go D. could not have goneHow I wish I _that! Everybody present was angry with me.A. didnt go B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. wasnt doing 非典型性虛擬語氣非典型性虛擬語氣類型一類型一 would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和和would prefer所引起的從所引起的從句中要求用過去式表示當時或?qū)淼那闆r

17、，句中要求用過去式表示當時或?qū)淼那闆r，用過去完成時表示過去的情況，表示希望用過去完成時表示過去的情況，表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責備。例如：或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責備。例如： Id rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。望你把這封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didnt stay there too long.我倒希我倒希望他不要在那兒可得太久。望他不要在那兒可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了我真希

18、望你昨天把這本書還了 類型二 （4）Its (high, about) time that 句型中句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語氣形式，即動詞要從句中要求用虛擬語氣形式，即動詞要用過去式。用過去式。 Its time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.現(xiàn)在是我們該結(jié)束講座的現(xiàn)在是我們該結(jié)束講座的時候了時候了。 類型三類型三 （6）由連接詞）由連接詞in case, so that ,unless, l

19、est （唯恐，以免）（唯恐，以免）,for fear that引起的狀語從句中，引起的狀語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬形式，即謂語動詞要用虛擬形式，即should(might, would)+動詞原形，例如：動詞原形，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那個嬰兒身上蓋上了她在那個嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。毯子以免他著涼。 The bad man was put in the safe cell lest he injure himself. 類型四類型四 if it were no

20、t for與現(xiàn)在事實相反，與現(xiàn)在事實相反， if it had not been for與過去事實相反，兩個都與過去事實相反，兩個都相當于相當于but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. 類型五類型五 虛擬語氣用于虛擬語氣用于as if（though）引起的方式狀語）引起的方式狀語從句和表語從句中，其動詞形式與從句和表語從句中，其動詞形式與wish賓語從句賓語從句的形式相同。例如：的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously（不

21、由自主地）（不由自主地）, and her good humor（好心情）（好心情） breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常發(fā)她常常發(fā)出發(fā)自內(nèi)心的微笑，而且她那美好的情緒像天上出發(fā)自內(nèi)心的微笑，而且她那美好的情緒像天上一道明亮的陽光一樣，常常流露出來。一道明亮的陽光一樣，常常流露出來。 They talked as if they had been friends for years.他們交談著，就好像他們是我年的老朋友他們交談著，就好像他們是我年的老朋友一樣。一樣。 She looks as

22、if she would cry.她看起來好像要她看起來好像要哭了。哭了。 類型六類型六 if it were not for與現(xiàn)在事實相反，與現(xiàn)在事實相反， if it had not been for與過去事實相反，兩個都與過去事實相反，兩個都相當于相當于but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. 特殊形式的虛擬語氣特殊形式的虛擬語氣類型一類型一 虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、建議、虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、建議、命令、提議、意愿等的主語從句

23、、賓語從句、表命令、提議、意愿等的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬形式，其虛擬語氣語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬形式，其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成往往是由的構(gòu)成往往是由should(可省略可省略)+動詞原形動詞原形that從從句。句。 A、 用于表示意愿、建議、命令、提議、請求等用于表示意愿、建議、命令、提議、請求等動詞后的動詞后的that賓語從句中，這類動詞有：賓語從句中，這類動詞有： ask要求要求 advise建議建議 arrange安排安排 beg請求請求 command命令命令 decide決定決定 demand要求要求 desire渴望渴望 determine決定決定 insist

24、堅持堅持 intend打算打算 maintain堅持主張堅持主張 move建議，動員建議，動員 propose提議提議 object反對反對 order命令命令 prefer建議建議 require 需要需要 request要求要求 resolve下決心下決心 recommend推薦推薦 suggest建議建議 stipulate約定，規(guī)定約定，規(guī)定 urge強強調(diào)，促進調(diào)，促進 vote公認，提議公認，提議 decree頒布（法令）頒布（法令） pray請求請求 注意：這類動詞后面除了可接注意：這類動詞后面除了可接that虛擬句以外，虛擬句以外，也可以接也可以接doing或者或者to do來

25、表達，一般情況下，來表達，一般情況下，意思沒有什么差別。意思沒有什么差別。 She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（書面體）（書面體） She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口語）（口語） She advised keeping the gate locked.(較隨便較隨便) 用于It is+形容詞或過去分詞+主語從句中，這類形容詞或分詞有： advisable合理的 decided決定的 crucial關(guān)鍵的 appropriate恰當?shù)?determined決定的 commanded命令的

26、 arranged安排的 essential緊要的，基本的 complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的 desirable合意的 better較好的，更好 insistent堅持的 desired想要 asked請求 keen渴望的 incredible難以置信的 adamant堅定不移的 natural自然的 insisted堅持 necessary必要的 suggested建議 urgent緊迫的 ordered命令 shocked震驚的 vital極其重要的 possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable （好一

27、點） proposed提議 requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推薦 resolved決定的 probable（可能的） pity可惜，憾事 shame遺憾 注意：這類形容詞后面除了可接that虛擬句以外，也可以forto do 來表達，一般情況下，意思沒有什么差別。 It is essential that he should be prepared for this. It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 用于由表示建議、要求、命令、請示等含義的名詞引導的表語從句和同位語從句中，這類名詞常見的有

28、： advice忠告 decision決定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望 insistence堅持 motion提議 necessity必要性 order命令 preference偏愛 proposal提議 pray懇求 recommendation推薦 request要求 requirement要求 resolution決心 suggestion勸告、忠告 例如： This is their resolution（決心） that extra-curriculum activities（課外活動） be made part of their school life.這是他們的決議

29、：要使得課外活動成為他們學校生活的一部分。 The motion that the remark of the last speaker be deleted from the record.該提議要求把最后一個發(fā)言的人的講話從記錄上除掉。 混合虛擬語氣 有時主句和從句的謂語動詞指不同的時間，這時需要用混合虛擬語氣。一般來說，在這種情況下，主從句謂語動詞指代的時間不同，所以我們又可以錯綜時間條件句，在這種虛擬情況，動詞形式應根據(jù)實際情況靈活使用，在做這些題目時候尤其要注意每道題目的提示語：時間狀語。絕大多數(shù)情況下，從句或者主句都有相關(guān)的時間狀語 If you that late movie l

30、ast night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. havent watched B. didnt watch C. hadnt watched D. wouldnt have watched 答案選答案選C。 Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. 混合虛擬語氣還有一種情況就是事實和虛混合虛擬語氣還有一種情況就是事實和虛擬假設的混合句，這樣的句子不僅僅是時擬假設的混合句，這樣的句子不僅僅是時間的