2011年高考英語總復(fù)習知識點精講精析與高考試題預(yù)測 Unit 7 Cuitural relics 人教版大綱第一冊

1、第一冊Unit 7 Cuitural relicsI單元知識點全覽 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考須掌握的詞匯：1culture 2Egyptian 3beautiful 4unit 5omce 6pollute 7breathe 8Sincere高考須掌握的短語：1tak 2in 3down 4to 5up考點過關(guān) 過關(guān)斬將考點詳解 精剖細解 入巿三分一、重點詞匯 1 I include uf包括，包含；開在里面，列在里面eg： The price includes postage charges 這個價錢包括郵資。 I included eggs on the Iist of thiTlgs

2、to bu y我把雞蛋列在要買的東西中了。用法拓展：including“包括”，表主動意義；included“被包括”，表被動意義。 eg：1 will give you ten books，including a story book(=a story book included)我要給你十本書，其中包括一本故事書。案例剖析 旁征博引 舉一反三考題1 There were eleven persons died in the acci-dent, two foreigners. A. included B. including C. being included D. to include專

3、題1點撥：答案為B。including sb/sth“包括某人/某物”。句意為：-在意外事故中有11人喪生，包括兩名外國人。，2restore vt修復(fù)；重建eg： They are going to restore the ruined tempIe他們打算修復(fù)那座毀壞了的神殿。相關(guān)鏈接：re-表示“再，又”之意。 eg：build-rebuild(重建) createrecreate(再創(chuàng)造)marryremarry(再婚) readrerefld(重讀)考題2 They had the old house A. rebuild B. rebuilt C. to rebuild D. re

4、building考題2點撥：答案為B。have sthdone句式。句意為：“他們重建了那幢老房子。”3space n(不可數(shù))空間；太空；空地。(可數(shù))空白；空隙；間隔 eg：Im dreaming of walking in space 我夢想在太空漫步。 You should pay attention to the spaces between words 你要注意字與字之問的空隙?？碱}3 There isn't enough left for your luggage. A. the space B. space C. the spaces D. spaces考題3點撥：答案

5、為B。space作“空間，空地”講，是不可數(shù)名詞enough后緊接所修飾的名詞，不需要加冠詞。句意為：“剩下的空間放不下你的行李?！?offieiaI n官員；公務(wù)員eg： A city ofileial said that it had brought many Visitors 一位市政官員說它吸引了好多游客。相關(guān)鏈接：official指政府部門的文職官員尤其是職位高的人；officer指軍隊、警察部門、海關(guān)等有一定職權(quán)的人。用法拓展：official可用作形容詞，意為“官方的；正式的”。考題4 The US President will pay an visit to China nex

6、t month. A. office B. official C. officer D. offices考題4點撥：答案為B。official用作形容詞，“官方的；正式的”。句意為：“下個月美國總統(tǒng)將對中國進行正式訪問?！?shall v aux表示征求對方的意見或指示時，用于第一、三人稱疑問句。 eg： Shall he come in?要他進來嗎? Shall l turn on the light?要開燈嗎?表示命令、威脅、允諾等，用于第二、三人稱陳述句。 eg： You shall finish your homework before going out出去之前你必須把作業(yè)做完。 H

7、e who saves my life shalJ get what he wants in the world那個救我命的人可以得到這個世界上他想得到的東西?？碱}5-1 (典型例題 分)-We want someone to design the new art museum for us. the young fellow have a try? A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need考題5-2 (典型例題)-_ he come to see you? -of course, please. And ld rather he me the truth. A. Wil

8、l; inform B. Shall; told C. Should; will say D. Can; spoke考題51點撥：答案為B。shaIl用于第一、三人稱疑問句，征求時方意見?？碱}52點撥：答案為B。shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句，征求時方意見；Woklld rather十從句(用虛擬語氣);tell sbthe truth告訴某人事實。句意為：“要他來見你嗎?當然。我寧愿他告訴我事實?！?二、重點短語 6baseon把建立在上；以為基礎(chǔ)eg： We should base our opinions on facts我們的意見應(yīng)基于事實。相關(guān)鏈接：bflse作動詞時是及物動詞；作

9、名詞時，意為“底部；基礎(chǔ)；基地”?？碱}6 (典型例題 分 )Swan Lake is a famous ballet in four acts, on a German fairy tale. A. basing B. based C. bases D. to base考題6點撥：答案為B。此句式用過去分詞短語作定語·對前面的主語Swan Lake作進一步的解釋說明。base Swan Lake on a Get man fairy tale是其主動形式。句意為：“天鵝湖是一部著名的芭蕾舞四幕劇，以德國的一個神話傳說為基礎(chǔ)(改贏而成)。”7give in投降；屈服；讓步eg： The

10、 rebeIs were forced to give in叛軍被迫投降。相關(guān)鏈接：give up放棄，可作及物或不及物動詞詞組；作及物動詞詞組時， 后接名詞或動名詞。give away贈送；泄露(秘密等)。give out發(fā)出。用法拓展：give in to向讓步；遷就考題7 (典型例題)Don't mention that at the beginning of. the story, or it may the shocking ending. A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off考題7點撥：答案為A。give away在

11、此表示“泄露(秘密等)”。句意為：“不要在故事開始的時候提那件事，否則的話就可能透露出令人震驚的結(jié)局?！比⒅攸c交際用語8本單元的日常交際用語是表達“詢問或征求建議”及“給出建議”的一些句型。 Asking for suggestions 征求建議 Making suggestions 給出建議What shall we put in?我們應(yīng)在里面放人什么?Can't we put in?我們不能放入嗎?Should we put in?我們應(yīng)該放人嗎?Let's put in讓我們放入Maybe we could put in或許我們可以放入ld like to cnoose

12、我喜歡選擇what/How about?怎么樣?why not?為什么不?why don't you?你為何不?考題8(典型例題一why not join us in the game? A. Sure, please do B. No, you do the same C. Oh, that's all right D. OK, coming考題8點撥;答案為D。Why not do?表提出建議“為什么不干?”，用OK，coming“好，馬上就來”作答。四、重點句型 9make+賓語+過去分詞 表示“使得被”。 eg： Yoll'd better speak loud

13、er to make yourself heard你最好大點聲音說話，使得你自己被聽到。用法拓展：使役動詞make，have，get及感官動詞see，find， feel等都可出現(xiàn)此句式搭配，表示賓語與賓補之間構(gòu)成被動形式。考題9 ( 典型例題 分 ) When they hurriedly arrived home, they found their house and a lot of'things A. break into; missing B. broke in; missed C. broken into; missed D. broken into; missing考題9

14、點撥;答案為D。find their house broken into發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被破門而入la lot of things missing中承前省略了found，missing為形容詞，“不見了的；丟了的”。句意為：“當他們匆忙到家時。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被破門而入，好多東西不見了。”10It is said that一據(jù)說=sb/sthis said to eg： It is Sald that he has gone abroad一He is said to have gone abroad 據(jù)說他出國了。相關(guān)鏈接：(1)sb/Sth is said to do表示“據(jù)說某人/某物通常干/要干”。

15、 (2)Sb/Sthis said to have done sth表示“據(jù)說某人/某物已經(jīng)干了” eg：The book is said to be pubIished next month據(jù)說這本書下月出版。 The book is sald to have bwen published last month 據(jù)說這本書上個月就出版了?？碱}10 (典型例題Tom is said in Africa， but no one really knows how soon he will be back Atravels Bto travel Cto be traveIling Dtravelle

16、d考題10點撥；答案為c。從下文“沒有人真正知道過多久他才會回來”可看出湯姆正在非洲旅行，用sbis said to do這一基本句式時，如果表示“據(jù)說某人/某物正在干某事”，就要用不定式的進行時表示正在進行的動作或現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)。11where引導地點狀語從句 eg： where there is a will，there is a way有志者，事競成。特別提醒：注意where引導的狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。 where引導狀語從句時，其前無先行詞，where不可換成“介詞+which”；where引導定語從句時，其前有名詞作先行詞， where可以換成“介詞+which”。 eg： Ma

17、ke a mark where you have any problen3(狀語從句)在有問題的地方做個記號。 Make a mark at the place where you have any problem (定語從句)在你有問題的地方做個記號。考題11-1 (典型例題 分 )You should make it a rule to leave thi,ngs you can find them again. A. when B. where C. then D. which考題11-2 (典型例題)The pictures reminded me of the golden days

18、 in the small village I was taken good care of. A. where B. that C. then D.which考題111點撥:答案為B。where引導地點狀語從句?？碱}112點撥:答案為A。the small village作先行詞，為定語從句五、詞語辨析12be ableto，Pan be able to表示通過努力設(shè)法做成了某事，強調(diào)結(jié)果。 can表示有能力做某事，不強調(diào)結(jié)果。 eg： He was able to pass the exam after several failures幾次失敗之后他通過了考試。 Can you speak

19、 Chinese?你會講中文嗎?考題12 (典型例題The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out. A. had to B. could C. would D. was able to考題12點撥；答案為D。be able to強調(diào)通過努力做成了某事，側(cè)重結(jié)果。語法歸納 精通規(guī)則 游刃有余被動語態(tài)(一)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式be+過去分詞，口語中也用get/become+過去分詞表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時常用被動語態(tài)。 (by短語有時可以

20、省略)。1使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題。 (1)主動變被動時雙賓語的變化。 eg： 我朋友在我生日時送給我一本有趣的書。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday I was given an innteresting book(by my friend)on my birthday (2)主動變被動時，賓補成主補(位置不變)；(作補語的)不定式前需要加to。 eg： The boss made him

21、 work aIl day long老板讓他整天工作。 He was made to work all day long(by the boss)他被(老板)要求整天工作。 (3)短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿掉“尾巴”。 eg： The children were taken good care of(by her)孩子們被很好地照顧。 Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to 你的發(fā)音及拼寫應(yīng)被給予注意。 (4)情態(tài)動詞和be going tobe tobe sure to，used to，have to，had be

22、tter等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞。(5)當句子的謂語為say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：(A)謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補。(B)用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示。 eg：類似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that2不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。 (1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。 (2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞 eg：lasthold，benef

23、it，contain，equalfit，jommean，look like，consist of等。 (3)表示歸屬的動詞eg：have，own，belong to等。 (4)表示“希望、意圖”的動詞eg：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。 (5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。 (6)賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等時謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。 (7)有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當主語是物時，常見的動詞有sell， write，wash，open，lock等。3主動形式表被動意義。 (1)當feel，look，smell，ta

24、ste，sound等后面接形容詞時；當cut，read，sell，wear，write等詞帶狀語修飾語時；當動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時。 eg： This kind of cloth washes easily這種布易洗。 These novels don't sell well這些小說不暢銷。 (2)當break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時。 eg：The plan worked out successfully這個計劃制定得很成功。The lamps on the w

25、all turned off墻上的燈滅了。 (3)want，require，need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。 (4)be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。 (5)在“be+形容詞+to do"中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。 eg： This kind of water isn't fit to drink這種水不適合飲用。 The girl isn't easy to get along with這個女孩不易相處。另外：be to blame(受譴責)，be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動。4被動形式表示主動意義的幾種

26、情況。 (1)be seated坐著 eg：He is seated on a bench(He seats himself on a bench)他坐在凳子上。 (2)be hidden躲藏eg：He was hidden behind the door(He hid himself behind the door)他藏在門后。 (3)be lost迷路 (4)be drunk喝醉 (5)be dressed穿著 eg：The girl was dressed in a red short skirt這個女孩穿著一條紅色短裙?？碱}1 (典型例題)He will stop showing of

27、f, if no notice. of him.A. is taken B; will be taken C. taken D. has taken考題2 (典型例題) ld like a pen which well. -Will this one ? A. writes;do B. writes; work C. is written; do D. is written; work考題3 ( 典型例題 分 ) The air company going from bad to worse, the workers hardly enough to make a living. A. are

28、 paid B. are paying C. have paid D. paid考題4 (典型例題 分) Travelers that they should bring their ID cards with them. A. have reminded B. are reminded C. were reminding D. had been reminded5被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。 被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點或狀態(tài)。 eg： The book was sold by a certain bookstore(被動語態(tài))某一書店賣這書。 The book is well so

29、ld(系表結(jié)構(gòu))這書賣得很好?？碱}5 ( 典型例題 分 )-Your daughter has two children, doesn't she? -That's right. She in 1983. A. did marriage B. had married C. was married D. got married考題1點撥：答案為A。take notice of sb的被動形式。句意為：“如果沒有人去注意他，他就會停止炫耀。” 考題2點撥：答案為A?！颁摴P寫起字來好用”，用write well的主動形式表示鋼筆本身的特點。do在此表示“行，可以”?？碱}3點撥：答案為

30、A。be paidget paid得到報酬。 考題4點撥：答案為B。remind sbof sth提醒某人某事的被動形式。考題5點撥；答案為D。get married指結(jié)婚的動作，be married強調(diào)結(jié)婚的狀態(tài)。周為有時間狀語in 1983，所以D為正確答素。IV專題探究由點及面 由表及里專題探究： 專題詳解： (一)要保持良好心態(tài)，學會預(yù)覽，做到有的放矢準確獲取對話中的具體信息，如時間、地點j人物、數(shù)字、價錢等，它們在試題中占相當大的比例。這類題要求學生在聽清、聽懂信息的同時，還要對所聽到的信息做簡單的計算、時間比較、深層推理等。例1：At what time does the trai

31、n to Leeds leave?A3：00 B3：15 C5：OO聽力原文：W:Excuse me,could you tell me when the next train to Manches-ter leaves? M:Sure. Well,it's three now. The next train to Manchester leaves in two hours.but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in fifteen minutes, and then get off at Manchester. It st

32、ops,at Manchester on the way.本題考查考生對話語所揭示信息的分辨能力。在男士的答語中給了三個時間，現(xiàn)在是三點下一趟去Manchester的時間為兩小時后去Leeds的火車是15分鐘之后，只有第一個和第三個時間才與所問問題有關(guān)。所以答案為B。 (二)理解對話的主旨大意 常見的提問形式有：What are they talking about?/what are the man and the woman talking about?/What does the passage talk about?等等。對于此類題若是對話，則要把對話雙方聯(lián)系起來考慮。一般來說更應(yīng)注意

33、第一個說話人所說的關(guān)鍵詞語它往往引出一個話題。 例2：What are the two speakers talking about.? A. A football player. B. A football team. C. A football match.聽力原文：W:Do you know that Michael Owen has won France Footbalis Golden Ball Prize7 M:Not a surprise. He has 20 goals this season.本題考查對所聽對話主題的把握。對話的中心談一位球員而不是一支球隊或一場球賽。所以答案

34、為A。(三)推斷對話發(fā)生的背景、地點及對話者之間的關(guān)系常見的提問方式有：Where is?/Where does the conversa tion probably take place? /Where are the two speakers now? /.Where is the man going? 和 What's the man(woman)? /What's the man s(woman's)occupation? /What's the probable relation ship between the tWO speakers?/Who i

35、?等等。對于此類問題要求考生根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容來揣測、推斷談話發(fā)生的場所或抓住暗示人物身份與關(guān)系的詞語等。據(jù)此做出正確的判斷。例3：What is the relationship between the tWO speakers?ANeighbors BFather and daughter CHusband and wife聽力原文： W：HelloM: Hello, Lucy. Thins is John. Look,could you do me a favor? Ive tried to phone my wife six times and I can't get through

36、. The line is busy all the timc. Could you possibly go next door and giv.e her a message? W:Sure. What do you want to tell Mary? M:Could you just say Ive run into an old friend and Im staying with him and not at the hotel. Ill give her a ring later. W:Sure. Ill go now. M :Thanks a lot, Lucy. W: Okay

37、 Bye. M:Bye!該題考查考生對談話者之間的關(guān)系進行判斷。根據(jù)對話中的語氣及內(nèi)容，我們不難判斷此題的答案為A。(四)理解領(lǐng)會對話的觀點、態(tài)度及意圖常用的提問方式有：What does the man(woman)think of?/How does the man(woman)feel about?等等。聽這類試題我們首先要判斷兩個人的態(tài)度是否相同。如果不相同，我們要分清每個人對這件事情的看法，千萬不能夠混淆。另外說話人的態(tài)度是通過語氣、語調(diào)等的變化體現(xiàn)出來的，因此聽的時候要做出正確的判斷。例4：6How does the man feel about David's way o

38、f sleeping?A. It's effective. B. It's strange. C. It's the best.7. How many hours does David sleep a d,ay? A. Four. B. Six. C. Seven.8. What does the woman suggest at the end of the talk? A. People should develop a habit iike David's. B. People need longer hours of sleep. C. People h

39、ave different sleeping habits.聽力原文：M:How comes David is always so full of energy? W:He has a strange but highly effective way of sleeping. M:What is that? W: He takes a short sleep for an hour every six hours and has a total of four hours sleep each day. M:Where did he get that strange idea? W:He re

40、ad from a book which said it was the best way of human beings and he believed that. M:How many hours do you sleep a day? W: I need at least seven hours. I once tried to follow David's example. But it never worked out of me. M:If I sleep during the day, I can never wake up. W:Not everyone is Davi

41、d, I guess. 第6小題考查對說話者所持觀點、態(tài)度的理解情況。對話中女士提出He has a strange but highly effective way of sleeping然后對David的睡眠方式進行了一番描述。男士則繼續(xù)質(zhì)疑，其中也體現(xiàn)自己的態(tài)度：Where did he get that strange idea?所以最佳答案為B。第7小題考查細節(jié)，A為正確答案。第8小題與第6小題考查的內(nèi)容一樣。兩人對David的睡眠方式進行了一番討論之后，女士才說“Not everyone is DavidI guess”意為“我想不同的人有不同的睡眠方式”。所以C項為最佳答案。V考

42、題類型一網(wǎng)打盡 驀然回首 燈火闌珊回顧1 測試考點11 (典型例題)Don't leave the sharp knife our little Jane can get it. A. in which B. to which C. that D. where1D點撥：where弓I導地點狀語從句。句意為：“不要把鋒利的刀子放在小Jane能拿到的地方?！被仡? 測試考點, 10 (典型例題 Is Bob still performing?Im afraid not. He is said the Stage already as he has become an official. A

43、. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left2A 點撥：因他已離開舞臺，要用完成時，又因“他”與“離開”是主動關(guān)系，故選A?；仡? 測試語法 (典型例題I don't want like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the manager's plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded3A 點撥：want to do是固定搭配sound是系動詞，主動形式表被動

44、意義?；仡? 測試語法 (典型例題Telephone messages for the manager on her desk but she didn't notice them.A. were left B. was left C. was leaving D. were leaving4A點撥：主語是telephone messages與leave之間是被動關(guān)系，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故選A?；仡? 測試語法 (典型例題)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 典

45、型例題 has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed5C：點撥：介詞by后接表示將來的時間時句子的謂語動詞要用將來完成時態(tài)。根據(jù)句子的主語是aIl construction work，與動詞complete之間是被動關(guān)系，可確定答案為C?；仡?測試語法 (典型例題The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power increased enormously ever since.A. is B. wa

46、s C. has been D. had been6C點撥：ever since與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)連用表示從此以后所做的事。power是increase的被執(zhí)行者，要用被動語態(tài)?；仡? 測試語法 (典型例題 the employees except the ; to work on line at home. manager A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged7D點撥：encourage與employees之間是被動關(guān)系要用被動語態(tài)。all the employees作主語，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2011年高考

47、題預(yù)測 高瞻遠矚 占盡先機 一、考情預(yù)測 年考情預(yù)測 預(yù)測l：被動語態(tài) 預(yù)測根據(jù)：動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)歷來是高考考查的重點也是學生學習的重點和難點。每年的高考中這一部分是必考的熱點考情預(yù)測 年高考預(yù)計會繼續(xù)對這一部分進行靈活考查。 命題角度預(yù)測：被動語態(tài)通常會放在單項選擇或完形填空中進行考查。特別要注意時態(tài)與語態(tài)在具體語境中的運用尤其是主動形式表被動的幾種情況以及系表結(jié)構(gòu)表狀態(tài)的用法應(yīng)引起足夠的重視。 預(yù)測2：1t is said that句型 預(yù)測根據(jù)：it作形式主語或形式賓語是高考對代詞it考查的一個熱點但從近幾年高考題看，這種出題的幾率已大大減少。隨之而來的是it在具體句型中的運用把考點設(shè)置

48、在句式中進行考查。 命題角度預(yù)測：此句型要靈活掌握與之相對應(yīng)的變化形式：sb/sthis said to do句型以及不定式的_般式、完成式、主動式、被 動式。通常會在單項選擇或完形填空中對此句式進行考查。 預(yù)測3：make+賓語+賓補結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測根據(jù)：此結(jié)構(gòu)可考查出學生對知識的靈活應(yīng)變能力，是一個有用的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，也是一個?？嫉木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)。命題角度預(yù)測：在單項選擇、完形填空或短文改錯中出現(xiàn)這種句式的幾率很大。且要注意其被動結(jié)構(gòu)的變換形式。 預(yù)測4：where引導的地點狀語從句 預(yù)測根據(jù)：where引導的地點狀語從句的難點在于：考生容易把它與where引導的定語從句相混淆。其實這是兩個完全不同的句式：where如果引導定語從句必須有先行詞，where相當于in/at which。這對許多考生來說是個難點，同時也是高考考查狀語從句的一個重點。 命題角度預(yù)測：通常會在單項選擇、完形填空或短文改錯中進行考查，務(wù)必分清wher