(完整版)-ing分詞及其短語在句中的作用

1、-ing 分詞及其短語的用途很廣，可以充當各種句子(短語)成分。1. 和助動詞 be 連用，構成謂語動詞和不定式動詞的進行體和完成進行體形式。例如：Tom is working hard.Philip has been working here for five years.Joey is said to be making much progress.Frank claimed to have been working in the laboratory all the time.2. 做主語。例如：Talking mends, no holes.Beating a child will d

2、o more harm than good.-ing 分詞短語較長或需要強調(diào)時必須后置，用先行代詞 it 作形式主語。 例如：It' s foolishtalking like that .Is it worthwhile spending so much money ?3. 作表語。例如：His speech is inspiring .His hobby is collecting stamps .What I ' mdoing is teaching him a lesson .4. 作賓語：1) 動詞賓語。例如：Have you finished writing you

3、r book ?Carol acknowledged having been at such a meeting .作賓語的 -ing 分詞及其短語可以帶補語， -ing 分詞短語較長而賓語補語較短時，可以 用先行代詞 it 作形式賓語。例如：You must find working here interesting.You must find it interesting working here with us .I think it worthwhile discussing the question again .2) 形容詞賓語。 能直接用 -ing 分詞及其短語作賓語的形容詞不多

4、， 除 worth 外都是形容詞 和介詞構成的短語形容詞。例如：New York is a city worth visiting .Don' t be afraid of asking for help .I'm tired ofbeing treated like a child .3) 介詞賓語。例如：Granny is a little hard of hearing .We must be good at learning from others .Thank you for giving us so much help .5. 作補語：1) 賓語補語。例如：Can

5、you imagine anyone being so silly ?We' ll keep the machine running .I heard somebody singing in the next room .少數(shù)動詞后作賓語補語的 -ing 分詞及其短語需用介詞 as 引導，即介詞短語作狀語表示賓語 補語的關系。例如：Amanda regards him as being without principles .How can you describe him as lacking in experience ?2) 主語補語。例如：Jessica was found s

6、itting at the foot of the bed .Darcy is often heard singing that song .Carol was seen working alone in the garden . 少數(shù)動詞后作主語補語的 -ing 分詞及其短語需用介詞 as 引導，即用介詞短語作狀語表示主 語補語的關系。例如：Water can be shown as containing impurities .Joe is sometimes portrayed as belonging to another world .3) 介詞賓語補語。例如：It' s v

7、ery warm with the fire burning .Any object may be hot without the motion in itbeing visible .I didn ' t know about the weatherbeing so awful in the area.6. 作定語：1) 前置定語， 通常是簡單的 -ing 分詞，可以起名詞的作用表示被修飾名詞的用途或與之有 關的動作。例如：a reading lamp a sleeping car an opening speech the freezing point 也可以起形容詞的作用表示被修

8、飾名詞的性狀特征。例如：a charming girl an interesting book an inspiring speech the exciting news 也可以起動詞的作用表示被修飾名詞正在進行的動作。例如：boiling watermelting snowthe rising sunfading flowers也可以起動詞的作用表示被修飾名詞的屬性或能力。例如：a flying boata singing birdlaboring peoplethe working class用作前置定語的 -ing 分詞不能帶賓語、表語或狀語，而必須用構詞成分表示，即和名 詞、形容詞或副

9、詞構成復合詞作前置定語。例如：an epoch-making event high-sounding words 冠冕堂皇的話the rapidly changing world2) 后置定語，通常是 -ing 分詞短語，表示被修飾名詞及其短語的動作，相當于一個定語從 句。例如：Student arriving late will not be permitted to enter the lecture hall.A person having had dealings with him will never forget him. 簡單 -ing 分詞通常前置，但表示動作時必須后置。例如：

10、The man speaking (=who is speaking) is the chairman.There were no soldiers drilling (=who were drilling).少數(shù) -ing 分詞在某些習慣用法中必須后置。例如：That ' s the best cargoing .We traveled for four days running .7. 作同位語，補充說明名詞，通常用標點符號分開。例如：Tim has only one hobby, collecting stamps .His current research, investiga

11、ting attitudes to racial stereotypes , takes up most of his time.He has devoted his life to one cause: fighting against all political and social injustices8. 作狀語，通常是 -ing 分詞短語，修飾動詞或整個句子，可以表示多種意義： 1) 時間，可以用連詞 after ， before ， since ， when ， while 等引導。例如：Coming here , I met an old friend.Robin wrote h

12、is greatest novel while working on a freighter .He' s been different since coming back from America .2) 原因。例如：Being so excited , he did not know what to say.Not knowing what to do , I telephoned the police.Seeing nobody in the office , I had to come back.3) 方式，可以用連詞 as if/as though 引導。例如：He ran up to me breathing heavily .Braving winds and snow , they headed for the summit.From time to time Jason turned roundas if searching for someone .4) 伴隨狀況。例如：5) 目