水力模型和水質(zhì)模型中文

1、1.11.1水力模型和水質(zhì)模型根據(jù)任務(wù)大綱，本咨詢專家組需要承擔(dān)的模型工作包括:.-開發(fā)建立一水力模型-需要使用模型來審視、分析和評價城市的防洪工程措施，并為優(yōu) 化設(shè)計提出建議。.-開發(fā)可建立一個水質(zhì)模型-需要使用該模型來審視和評價城市的水環(huán)境改善工程措施的 優(yōu)缺點，并為優(yōu)化設(shè)計提出建議。參與水資源管理方面的計劃于戰(zhàn)略的整合。培訓(xùn)項目辦和項目執(zhí)行單位的技術(shù)人員2010年XX公司為業(yè)行贈款的XX城市環(huán)境改善項目中的水資源綜合管理研討會中， 專門請專家了解本地的情況，有針對性地位XX江水力水質(zhì)的模型作了討論和建議。與XX設(shè)計院的專業(yè)人員作了討論，專題進(jìn)行了介紹。當(dāng)時的研討會的目的是在為XX市打造水

2、城的過程中，按照水資源管理原則提升XX市政府水資源規(guī)劃和管理能力， 根據(jù)水資源綜合管理原則，基丁XX市水城打造的實踐，利用業(yè)行的資源，開發(fā)和推 動的知識產(chǎn)品。因此，我們的團(tuán)隊了解本項目的需求，和十分了解在模型工作中的挑 戰(zhàn)和瓶頸。我們更知道對丁本地的技術(shù)人員來說知識轉(zhuǎn)移的重要性。說明：以下內(nèi)容請同學(xué)補(bǔ)充，要求是1-1.5貞。1.1.1模型的選擇本項目選用丹麥水利研究所(Danish Hydraulic Institute, DHI)開發(fā)的MIKE11模型 建立河流的水動力和水質(zhì)模型。MIKE11是一款多功能的一維水動力學(xué)軟件，以求解 圣維南(Saint-Venant)方程組作為理論基礎(chǔ)，帶有水

3、文模型，含對流擴(kuò)散水質(zhì)生態(tài)泥沙傳輸降雨徑流洪水預(yù)報實時操作等多種模塊，并可與丹麥水利研究所(DanishHydraulic Institute, DHI)開發(fā)的其他分析模型交互運用。Mike11軟件應(yīng)用發(fā)展很快，并在國內(nèi)外的一些大型水利水文工程中廣泛應(yīng)用， 如：淮河流域水質(zhì)管理與應(yīng)用、北京南沙河流域管理與規(guī)劃、松遼流域水資源管理系例寸01.1.2建模方法和數(shù)據(jù)收集利用MIKE11軟件結(jié)合所需要的數(shù)據(jù)，對河流進(jìn)行區(qū)域概況分析、河網(wǎng)概化、污 染負(fù)荷計算、參數(shù)靈敏度分析及模型的率定驗證的工作，從而得到符合誤差允許的河 流水動力和水質(zhì)模型。建模過程中需要的數(shù)據(jù)包括：(1)流域描述河網(wǎng)形狀，可以是GIS

4、數(shù)值地圖或流域數(shù)字化電子圖水工建筑物(河閘、涵洞、壩)和水文測站的位置河道沿線污染物排放情況(用于水質(zhì)模型中的污染負(fù)荷計算)(2)河道和灘區(qū)地形河床斷面，間距視研究目標(biāo)有所不同，原則上應(yīng)能反映沿程斷面的變化灘區(qū)地形資料(3)模型邊界處水文測量數(shù)據(jù)(4)實測水文站點水位、流量、控制污染物濃度等水文水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)(用于模型的 率定和驗證)(5)水工建筑物(堰、閘、涵洞、橋梁等)設(shè)計參數(shù)及調(diào)度運行規(guī)則。1.1.3水力學(xué)模型水動力學(xué)模型主要基于MIKE11的HD模塊，以圣維南(Saint-Venant)方程組做控 制方程，利用Abbott六點隱式格式離散上述控制方程組。之后再用河道方程、漢點方 程組、外邊界

5、條件等解出隱式方程組得到水動力參數(shù)?；静襟E為模型區(qū)域概況分析、河網(wǎng)概化、模型的率定和驗證等。1.1.4水質(zhì)模型水質(zhì)模型以一維對流擴(kuò)散方程作為控制方程，MIKE11采用時間和空間中心隱式差分格式離散對流方程。之后，利用水質(zhì)邊界條件、各種水質(zhì)過程的模擬及水質(zhì)過程 與對流擴(kuò)散耦合計算來求解離散方程?；静襟E為模型區(qū)域概況分析、河網(wǎng)概化、污染負(fù)荷計算、水質(zhì)參數(shù)靈敏度分 析、模型的率定和驗證等。1.1.51.1.5模型的產(chǎn)出與GIS的接口通過計算值的驗證，數(shù)據(jù)在允許的誤差范圍內(nèi)，具有實際的應(yīng)用價值。能夠為城 市的河網(wǎng)綜合調(diào)水、河道綜合整治以及污染源削減方案的水質(zhì)影響預(yù)測提供可靠的數(shù) 據(jù)支持，進(jìn)而為河道

6、綜合整治和水污染控制提供科學(xué)的決策依據(jù)。在數(shù)據(jù)收集階段，即可與GIS系統(tǒng)對接，利用GIS系統(tǒng)的電子化地圖分析河網(wǎng)形 狀等數(shù)據(jù)。在模型建立之后，從模型得到的計算值仍然可以利用GIS系統(tǒng)表達(dá)。1.1.1模型的選擇The MIKE11 model developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) should be used in this projectto set up the hydrodynamic and the water quality model of the river. MIKE11 is a functionalone-dimensio

7、n hydrodynamic simulating software. It s a kind of hydrologic modelwhich is based on the Saint-Venant equations and it contains various modules such as Convectiondiffusion , ecological water quality, sediment transport, rainfall runoff, flood forecasting,real-time operation. The software can interac

8、t with the other analytic model developed by DHI.MIKE11 is well developed in the hydraulic and the hydrologic project all around the world suchas water quality management and application in Huaihe catchment, management and planning of BeijingNanshahe catchment and water resource management system of

9、 Songliao catchment.1.1.2建模方法和數(shù)據(jù)收集The needed work is to carry out the Area Study, Generalization of the rivers, Discharge analysis,Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration of the model. These work should be served by the MIKE11 softwareand the required data which is as follow:(1) description of the catc

10、hmentShape of the river network(the electronic map based on GIS system )Location of the hydraulic construction and hydrometric ststionPollutant discharge situation along the rivers(2) the river and the beach areaThe river bed sectionTopographical data of the beach area(3) hydrological data at the mo

11、del boundary(4) real-time hydrometric station data including water level, flow, concentration of the tracedpollutant(5) design data and opration regulation of hydraulic construction1.1.3水力學(xué)模型Hydraulic model is based on the HD module in MIKE11. Saint-Venant equations is used as the controlequations.

12、The solutions of the equations are based on an implicit difference scheme developed byAbbott. The grid points equations, the river equations and the boundary conditions are also neededto get the hydraulic parameter.The basic steps are Area Study, Generalization of the rivers and Calibration of the m

13、odel.1.1.4水質(zhì)模型Thecontrolequation ofthe waterqualitymodelfor rivernetworksisone-dimensionadvection-dispersion equation. The advection-dispersion equation is solved by a fully timeand space central implicit finite difference scheme in order to minimize any artificial dispersion.The boundary conditions

14、, simulation of different process and calculation of the advection-dispersionis also needed.The basic steps are the Area Study, Generalization of the rivers, Discharge analysis, SensitivityAnalysis and Calibration of the model.1.1.5模型的產(chǎn)出與GIS的接口Hydrodynamic and water quality model were set up and calibrated using the hydrology and waterquality measures data. The result data can be practically utilised in the comprehensive waterdiversion and river i