(完整word版)高中英語完形填空解題技巧

1、高中英語完形填空解題技巧歷年完形填空題特點(diǎn)：1 . 語境為主，語法極少，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重交際；2 .干擾性強(qiáng)，重細(xì)微辨析；3 .實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔4 .縱觀歷年英語高考，會發(fā)現(xiàn)有些詞和語法點(diǎn)是命題組特別偏愛的，例：名詞 :voice, customer; 形容詞 :surprise, impossible;副詞 :immediately, successfully;動(dòng)詞 :go, come, annoy, continue 等經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，且多為正確5 . 側(cè)重上下關(guān)聯(lián), 暗示判斷能力。6 .文章中出現(xiàn)的詞在選項(xiàng)中復(fù)現(xiàn)，常為答案記敘文對于敘事，描述類文章。短文的首句，往往點(diǎn)明故事發(fā)生的人物

2、(who), 時(shí)間( when ) ，地點(diǎn)(where),和事件(what)等背景情況。例：It was a busy morning ， about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .議論文1 、議論文的設(shè)題往往多以上下文為基礎(chǔ)，利用承前信息或滯后信息，使讀者有所依托。2、議論文中表達(dá)作者態(tài)度或看法的詞較多，所以，試題中對形容詞和副詞的考查往往也較多。問題跳躍性較大。我們做題時(shí)，既要看事實(shí)，又要感悟作者的態(tài)度與情感。對于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如：A man who kn

3、ows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 .說明文1 、說明文直白性較強(qiáng)，脈絡(luò)清晰。2、說明文的層次清晰，整體性強(qiáng)，所以，遞進(jìn)性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。解題步聚1 、英語完形填空解題步驟速覽全文，把握大意。 2、細(xì)讀首句，摸清文路。3、瞻前顧后，準(zhǔn)確選擇。4、復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。做完形填空必須讀懂文章，前后邏輯一致；完形填空每個(gè)小題的正確答案都是有充分根據(jù)的，可以在文章匯總找到具體的突破口也就是信息點(diǎn)。解題時(shí) 應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索

4、，如某一個(gè)詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。完形填空三忌：1 、忌不看首句，直奔空格處作答。 2、忌當(dāng)做語法填空來做。完形填空很多選項(xiàng)必須根據(jù)上下文才能選出，不是孤立的看本句話。 3、忌先入為主，一氣呵成。 做題時(shí)先填把握的空格，對不是很有把握的先放一放，在后文的到答案或在做完全文后回頭看才會獲得答案。技巧一、首句信息完形填空通常首句不設(shè)空，目的是讓考生迅速進(jìn)入主題，熟悉語言環(huán)境，建立正確的思維導(dǎo)向。英語中首句通常是文章的主題句，把握了主旨句對于理解全文和解題很有幫助。先跳讀首句，便可判斷 體裁，猜想它要講什么。若首句交代了 when, where, who, wha

5、t,即四個(gè) W,那么就 是記敘文，很可能就是一個(gè)故事；若首句是提出或解釋說明某事物，一般來說是說明文；若首句提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，那么就是議論文。Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist （打擊樂器獨(dú)奏演員 ）in spite of her disability.本文主要講述的是蘇格蘭第一位女打擊樂器獨(dú)奏演員Evelyn Glennie在耳聾的情況下成功學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂器的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)首句給

6、出的信息，下面我們可以猜想Evelyn Glennie學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂器過程必然充滿困難，而能夠在耳聾的情況下學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂器，Evelyn Glennie對音樂肯定也是充滿熱情的。（廣東卷）It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The _1_ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual （ 智力的）growth by _

7、2_ situationthat has designed for the_3_ children.1. A. principleB. theoryC. argumentD. classification2. A. designingB. groupingC. learningD. living3. A. smartB. curiousC. matureD. average、注意前后語境，暗示信息考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進(jìn)行分析及推理的能力?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)要有全局觀念，進(jìn)行連貫性思維，做題時(shí)要把每個(gè)空白處的含義與前后句的意思聯(lián)系起來理解，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。難選之處通常前后多有暗示。這種

8、暗示多為后面暗示前面。（廣東卷）"As a matter of fact, I ' ve got someone in the office at this very moment who migh49. ” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying:" Ring up this lad：a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.49. A. hir

9、eB. acceptC. suitD. offer三、注意固定搭配，熟記常見句型，考查考生對常見的英語固定短語和習(xí)慣用法的掌握情況。如動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配；動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞的搭配；介詞與名詞的搭配等。這類搭配在高考完形填空中時(shí)有出現(xiàn)。I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them44；the telephone.44. A. withB. byC. fromD. on（陜西）The second rich man, seeing the worrying situat

10、ion, stopped for a short time and gave the villagers all his foodand drink, since he could see that money would be of little 34 to them.34. A. interest B. concern C. useD. attraction四、注意詞語辨析考查考生在特定語境中區(qū)別近義詞的能力。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞性相同，意義相近，要求在特定的語境中區(qū)分它們之間的細(xì)微差別。一般說來，其中的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)容易排除，難辨的是兩個(gè)。Although I last met this man eig

11、ht years ago, I have not forgotten his 37 qualities. First of all 37. A. basic B. specialC. commonD. particular（全國卷）Once he 42 sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.42. A. alsoB. nearlyC. evenD. only五、注意經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識考查考生在日常的學(xué)習(xí)和生活中所積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和基本常識，以及一些基本的科學(xué)常識。如文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化

12、背景和生活常識，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用， 特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順利地沿作者的思路閱讀。（北京卷） But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble 45.A. speaking B. movingC. sleepingD. breathing（山東卷） When they discovered that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre, they all bought _38_ for performance

13、.38. A. flowers B. drinks C. clothesD. ticketsAfter the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-milejourney back.A. Growing B. putting C. planting D. laying【解析】根據(jù)常識，南極地區(qū)冰雪覆蓋，須費(fèi)好大的勁將旗插進(jìn)極地，plant在這里的意思是“安插”“插牢”， 故答案為CSalina Joe began to when she was on

14、e-year old.A. say B. cry C. sing D. talk【解析】根據(jù)常識判斷，嬰兒在一歲的時(shí)候應(yīng)該是開始學(xué)說話，而不是學(xué)哭或?qū)W唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之間選出。又因?yàn)閟ay是及物動(dòng)詞，其后面需接賓語，而talk是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不需要接賓語，故正確答案為Do 六、注意文章結(jié)構(gòu)和行文邏輯考查考生對文章脈絡(luò)層次的把握能力和對上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解。如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、增補(bǔ)關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系等。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是表示文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連貫等邏輯關(guān)系的詞語。語篇，一般指比句子長的語言單位。如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間，往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語，這

15、些詞語被稱為“語篇標(biāo)志” 。表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的語篇標(biāo)志語有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的語篇標(biāo)志語有thus, therefore, so等；表示改變話題的語篇標(biāo)志語有by the way等；表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的語篇標(biāo)志語有besides, what's more, further等；表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的語篇標(biāo)志語有before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的有 but, while, on the other hand, although 等。在做完形填空時(shí)，如果能充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志語，就可

16、以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。（全國卷）First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching 43, I admired the fact thattalk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally, I was attracted by his lively sense of hum（43. A Later B. Secondly C. howeverD. Therefore（全國卷）Once he 42 sang a song in class in order to make

17、 a point clear.42. A. alsoB. nearlyC. evenD. only七、注意邏輯推理考查考生根據(jù)文意和所掌握的知識經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行簡單的邏輯推理來確定選項(xiàng)的能力。請看下面全國卷中的一個(gè)小題：He was reading my words out loud to the classthe whole class was laughing with open-heartedenjoyment. I did my best not to show 53, but what I was feeling was pure happiness53.A.shockB. wonderC.

18、 worryD. pleasureMrs. Black would ask me for my. She wanted to know how I thought we should things.At first I had no idea how to answer because I know about stage design!2.A.opinion B. impression C. information D. intention4.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything八、注意語法規(guī)則考查考生語法知識的運(yùn)用能力。近年來完

19、形填空題中單純考查語法知識的題一般不考，只是偶爾有個(gè)別考 題。（全國卷）"Can I? I don ' t think I can, " Tracy said with a laugh."Butl do have 46_come to me for no reason. ”46. A. events B. chances C. feelingsD. moments九.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)完形填空試題中，某一詞語常常重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。 詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)的語用意義是使得語篇中的句子相互銜接 和連貫，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整和有機(jī)的意義整體。 在閱讀文章過程中，有時(shí)也會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些與選項(xiàng)意義

20、緊密相連的 同義詞或近義詞。因此要學(xué)會充分利用這些詞提供的有效信息合理地推測判斷，選出正確答案。例：（江蘇卷）_39_ as high as he could, but even at his tallest _40_ he was unable to touch it. at the top of eachjump stretching his arms to 39. A. expandingB. stretching C. swingingD. pulling40. A. strengthB. length C. rangeD. heightI put my head in, expect

21、ing the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn' t empty at all. It had furniture, ca TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new, dressed neatly.A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion【分析】名詞同現(xiàn)，空格前出現(xiàn)了 room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同現(xiàn)信息可知坐在鋪好的床上的

22、是"我”的 室友。十、巧用排除方法，縮小選擇范圍解答完形填空題需要考生進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的閱讀、理解、推理和判斷，需要對4個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的辨別、分析，從而去偽存真。有時(shí)我們會遇到這樣的情況，對某個(gè)題目的正確選項(xiàng)的含義、用法不甚明白，但發(fā)現(xiàn)其他選項(xiàng)有顯而易見的謬誤。這時(shí)，我們可以嘗試著用排除法。所謂排除法就是將干擾項(xiàng)逐項(xiàng)檢查、驗(yàn)證，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)立即剔除。隨著選擇范圍的縮小，選中正確選項(xiàng)的幾率逐漸增大。排除法如果運(yùn)用得好，可以大大節(jié)省 時(shí)間和精力。（四川卷）Some days later, I was told that a guy who was working with us that da

23、y, “could probably have made a fortune _24_ the necklace he found.”24. A. hiding B. stealing C. sellingD. wearingHe put the books into the return box. And after a brief in the toilet, he would be on hisway to the playground to meet Eric.A. rest B. break C. walk D. stop【解析】此題答案為Do人不可能在廁所里休息(rest, bre

24、ak)或是散步(walk),由此排除另外 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。真題演練?（2015 年全國 II 卷）In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a womanremembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20 years ago.?The professor 2 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans（

25、豆），andinvited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. After 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses,the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 5 answer, and went on saying,“ You havejust 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses. ”?Twenty years later, the

26、8 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 9 himself,perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an unknowns world invisible （無形的） to the 11 , which can be discovered only through scientific 12. But the seventeen-year-old girlcould not accept or even 13 the invitation. She w

27、as just 14 to understand the world .Andshe 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16. The professor, however, said thatit was 17. He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with nosubstitute （替代）“I remember feeling small and 19." The woman says,“and I did the only thing?I could do. I 原詞重現(xiàn)20the course the afternoon, and I haven1. A. artB. history't gone near science since.”C. scienceD. mat