2018年北京市中考英語真題(含答案)

1、2018年北京市高級(jí)中等學(xué)校招生考試英語試卷知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共14分）一、單項(xiàng)填空（共 6分，每小題0. 5分）從下面各題所給的 A、B、C、D個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. My brother and I like football. play it together once a week.A. IB. TheyC. WeD. You【答案】C【解析】句意：我哥哥和我喜歡足球，我們每周一起玩一次。本題考查人稱代詞。A.我；B.他們；C.我們；D.你們。結(jié)合語境 我哥哥和我喜歡足球， 每周一起玩一次?？芍?，應(yīng)該是 我們"。故選Co2. Happy birthday, Pe

2、ter! Here' s a you.A. forB. inC. withD. from【答案】A【解析】句意：生日快樂，彼得！這是送給你的禮物。 考查介詞用法。A.為了； B.在里；C.和；D.來 自。結(jié)合語境 生日快樂，彼得！這是送給你的禮物。表示 給的生日禮物用for。故選Ao3. do you usually go to school, Mary?-By bike.A. WhenB. HowC. WhereD. Why【答案】B【解析】句意：一一瑪麗，你通常怎么上學(xué)？一一騎自行車?？疾橐蓡栐~。A.什么時(shí)候；B.怎么；C.哪里；D.為什么。結(jié)合語境瑪麗，你通常怎么上學(xué)？騎自行車。

3、 可知，對(duì)乘坐某種交通工具提問，用疑問詞 how提問。故選Bo4. Many people like pandas they are cute.A. thoughB. ifC. whileD. because【答案】D【解析】句意：很多人喜歡熊貓，因?yàn)樗鼈兒芸蓯邸？疾閺膶龠B詞的辨析。選項(xiàng)A意為：雖然；選項(xiàng) B意為：如果；選項(xiàng)C意為：當(dāng)時(shí)候；選項(xiàng) D意為：因?yàn)?。結(jié)合句意：很多人喜歡熊貓，因?yàn)樗鼈兒芸蓯?。故選 D。5. I go now, or I ll miss my train.A. canB. mightC. mustD. could【答案】C【解析】句意：我必須走了，否則我就趕不上火車了。

4、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。A.能；B.可能；C.必須；D.能。結(jié)合語境 我 走了，否則我就趕不上火車了?！笨芍?，應(yīng)該是 必須"。故選Co6. Tony is of the three boys, but he is the tallest.A.youngB. youngerC. youngestD. the youngest【答案】D【解析】句意：托尼是這三個(gè)男孩中最小的，但他是最高的。考查最高級(jí)。A.年輕的；B.更年輕的；C.最年輕的，通常加the; D.最年輕的。結(jié)合語境 托尼是這三個(gè)男孩中最小的，但他是最高的。"。of the three boys是三者以上的比較，可知，用最高級(jí)

5、the youngest最年輕的，最小的。故選 D。7. Bill likes reading. He picture books with his dad every evening.A. readB. readsC. is readingD. has read【答案】B【解析】句意：比爾喜歡讀書。他每天晚上和爸爸一起看圖畫書?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)。從every evening判斷句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除 C/D。主語是單數(shù)。故選 Bo8. Paul, what were you doing at nine Last night?I a movie in the cinema with my f

6、riends.A. was watching B. watchC. have watched D. will watch【答案】A【解析】句意：一一保羅，你昨晚九點(diǎn)在干什么？一一我和我的朋友正在電影院看電影?？疾檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)Paul, what were you doing at nine Last night ?可知是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此答語也用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。所以B/C/D/都不對(duì)。過去進(jìn)行日的結(jié)構(gòu)為were/was+doing。故選 A。9. David is a tennis player, He to play tennis when he was six years o1d.A. be

7、ginsB. will beginC. beganD. has begun【答案】C【解析】句意：戴維是個(gè)網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，六歲時(shí)就開始打網(wǎng)球了。從when he was six years 01d判斷句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)。故選Co10. 一 Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problemsThen they were15 so that16. Five17 out of the【語篇解讀】本文主要講述的是關(guān)于協(xié)作的事情。游戲一:30名工程師，在氣球上簽名，結(jié)果 5

8、人被淘汰。游Yes, he is. He history for nearly 20 years.A. teachesB. has taughtC. is teachingD. will teach【答案】B【解析】句意：一一露西，你叔叔是老師嗎？一一是的，他教了將近20年的歷史了?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)fornearly 20 years可知，這是一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語，通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而且動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞， 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。故選 B。11. A new international airport in the city next year.A.

9、 completesB. is completedC. will completeD. will be completed【答案】D【解析】句意：一座新的國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)明年將要在這所城市完工。一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。completes一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；iscompleted 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；will complete一般將來時(shí)；will be completed一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子的主語是 "A new international airport以及時(shí)間狀語 "next year所以要用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)來填空，因此 可知這句話的意思是一座新的國(guó)際飛機(jī)場(chǎng)明年將要在這所城

10、市完工?！惫蔬xD。12. Alice, could you tell me London?-Sure. Last SundayA. when Mr. Smith leftB. when Mr. Smith wi11 leaveC. when did Mr. Smith leaveD. when will Mr. Smith leave【答案】A【解析】句意：一一愛麗絲，你能告訴我史米斯先生什么時(shí)候離開倫敦的嗎？一一當(dāng)然可以。上星期天。根據(jù)could you tell me?可知，本題考查賓語從句，賓語從句中一般為陳述語序，選項(xiàng) C/D是疑問語序，所以 排除掉；再根據(jù) Last Sunday,可

11、知這里指的是過去的時(shí)間，時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)。故選 A。、完形填空（共 8分，每小題1分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。Real Solutions （解決方法）to ProblemsOne day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holdingvarious 14. As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full

12、 of flat balloonsThe manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. asked to write their names on their respective（各自的）balloons the balloons wouldn ' b low out. All tried, but not everyone was balloons blew out due to pressure （壓力）Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons we

13、re game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room, here and there.The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on, All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was al

14、most 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the right one. The second level of the game was over.Then came the final level. the engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to person named on the balloon.Within a couple of minutes, all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.The mana

15、ger announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others13. A. gameB. showB. suggestionsC. concertC. thoughtsD. partyD. plans14. A.purposes15. A. quietlyB. carefullyC. secretlyD. clearly16. A.honestB. readyC. patientD. successful17. A.checkedB. help

16、edC. ruledD. cleaned18. A.collectedB. weighedC. tiedD. cleaned19. A.markB. hideC. numberD. find20. A.freedB. reachedC. liftedD. hitgive us real solutions to problems.【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D17. C 18. A19. D 20. B25名工程師找?guī)в凶约好值臍馇?，結(jié)果很少成功；游Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They w

17、ere young and eager to learn. The management 戲二： 然后把成功簽上名的氣球放至U個(gè)房間里， 先讓戲三：讓工程師們挑選任何一個(gè)氣球，并把它送給簽在氣球上名字的人。結(jié)果幾分鐘內(nèi)，所有氣球都到達(dá)了各自的工程師手中。這個(gè)故事告訴我們：一件事我們或許做起來很難，但是如果和別人一起做，相互幫助，就會(huì)事半功倍?！?3題解析】句意：有一天，三十名工程師被要求在大廳里參加游戲?？疾槊~辨析。A. game游戲；B. show表演；C. concert音樂會(huì)；D. party聚會(huì)。下文提到 The second level of the game was over游戲

18、結(jié)束，故選 A?！?4題解析】句意：他們很驚訝，都走到大廳里，抱著各種各樣的想法?？疾槊~辨析。A. purposes目的；B. suggestions建議；C. thoughts想法；D. plans計(jì)劃。根據(jù) all reached the hall holding various 帶著各種 來到這里，前面提到 驚奇，所以是每個(gè)人有各自的想法。故選 Co【15題解析】句意：然后要求他們?cè)诟髯缘臍馇蛏献屑?xì)地寫上自己的名字，這樣氣球就不會(huì)爆了?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。A. quietly輕輕的；B. carefully 仔細(xì)的；C. secretly 秘密的；D. clearly 清楚的。根據(jù) the

19、 balloons wouldn ' t blow out能打破 氣球，所以是輕輕的。故選 Ao【16題解析】句意：大家都試過了，但不是每個(gè)人都成功了?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。A. honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；B. ready準(zhǔn)備好的；C. patient有耐心的；D. successful成功的。根據(jù) Five balloons blew out due to pressure氣球壞了 5個(gè)，可知并不是所有人都 成功了。故選D?！?7題解析】句意：那些沒有在氣球上簽名的人被排除在比賽之外。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. checked檢查；B. helped幫助；C. ruled規(guī)則；D. cleaned 清晰

20、。根據(jù) Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons 失敗的人，所以是出局， rule out 排除；故選Co【18題解析】句意：所有帶著名字的氣球都被收集起來，然后放在一個(gè)房間里，到處都是?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。A. collected收集；B. weighed 稱重；C. tied 打結(jié)；D. cleaned 打掃。根據(jù) then put into a room, here and there 將氣球放在房子里，所以是先把所有的氣球收集起來。故選Ao【19題解析】C. number計(jì)數(shù)；D. find找到。根據(jù)right one正確的那個(gè)

21、人，由此推測(cè)是找到那個(gè)人。故選D?！?0題解析】句意：幾分鐘內(nèi)，所有氣球都到達(dá)了各自的工程師手中。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. freed釋放；B. reached到達(dá)；C. lifted舉起；D. hit打擊。根據(jù)the hands of the respective engineers氣球上名字對(duì)應(yīng)的人，由此可知是交給那個(gè)人。故選 Bo閱讀理解（共36分）三、閱讀下列短文.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從文后各所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（共26分，每小題2分）A句意：已經(jīng)快15分鐘了，但是沒有人能找到帶有自己名字的氣球?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。A. mark 標(biāo)記;B. hide 躲藏;20 35Ih.

22、ikrc" Ir * k m、btnSJjv Lm Sjtunb) Some my tnmb vid AIm. my ccmml came to cclcbmc it. l Acryme hrmighi me i gift. 3 1 ptfry Uc flayedand had j big hirthdj，cake i rclly . wiacrfal ' Did，間 arixihing tpecul wccl*1Yr My cUm *ctr n * tchuol field inp Um week, Fm ,七蝌 El til the Il jrHmtheI'm*

23、I hr pl jrxinj 也HMR)1尿狀hlwiinB. last thursdayD. Last Saturday.C. SaraD. Richard.B. organize a partyD. visit a university建對(duì) IM 4Hz., I始 X :bk H onc<rf them toy 皿足健2: 中*, % o仆M Zt E cW wOfi 2 "h 7 di0E /cH Mm uW UM ThuM贄 E 乂石油 tmd牛 隊(duì)> sou m Aihnta to pcrfwrtt m . ciwnpcui I rLi,Z 酎"wlm

24、 E yon (>n Fndjy. we “El 2the (koQiM 人ms ind r>< io m diOhcm kmk nf s 卜金 仇，ti a!I mer the uotld I y fhlly cim"'21. When did Roger have his birthday party?A. Last WednesdayC. Last Friday22. Who went on a school field trip last week?A. Alan.B. Jessica23. Martin went to Atlanta A. spe

25、ak at a conferenceC. perform in a competition【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C【語篇解讀】文章分別介紹了四個(gè)孩子上周的活動(dòng)。上周六，羅杰舉行了15歲的生日聚會(huì)；杰西卡上個(gè)星期參加學(xué)校郊游；薩拉上星期三很幸運(yùn)地去參加了一個(gè)慈善會(huì)議。馬丁去亞特蘭大參加比賽中的表演。【21題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Roger： It was my 15th birthday last Saturday羅杰：這是我上周六的15歲生日。可知羅杰的生日是上周六。故選 D?！?2題解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Jessica： Yes, My class were on a

26、 school field trip last week杰西卡：是的，上個(gè)星期我的班級(jí)去【23題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù) Martin : Last Thursday, my school band (樂隊(duì)) went to Atlanta to perform in a competition ,馬丁 ： 上周四，我的學(xué)校樂隊(duì)在亞特蘭大的一次比賽中表演了，可知，馬丁去亞特蘭大在比賽中表演。故選CoBA Beautiful MomentWhen I was in high school. I worked part -time helping Dad sell fruits and veget

27、ables at a matket. One day , as I was preparing the fruits. A little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old , and the girl. five or six. They were looking the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French),"They' re good!French. Because I can

28、speak and understand it.Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them. But then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way

29、 above where his face was. Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits . The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter

30、would put them into their basket . The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before . It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a

31、 store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did.It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didn' t tell the mom how beautiful her children wtheir language . this is what I regret to this day.24. The women and her kids came to the market

32、 to buy.A. fruitsB. vegetablesC. candiesD. toys25. According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldn .' tA. speakB. seeC. smellD. hear26. The writer was moved because .A. the mother was brave to face her problems.參加學(xué)校郊游了，可知杰西卡上個(gè)星期參加學(xué)校郊游。故選BoB. the kids were polite and kind to each

33、otherplaces was recorded using the information on the children' s addresses from birth up through to the time 0ved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. Working memory and inattentiveness（ 注意力

34、 D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.不集中）were graded with computers.【答案】27. A 28. B 29. D"This is the first study that shows the association between long -term exposure to green space and brain structure.【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，結(jié)果表明生活在綠色環(huán)境下有利于大腦的發(fā)育，但是這個(gè)結(jié)Says

35、 Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study," Our findings suggest that exposure to gree論spacetearyln個(gè)地方的人還有待觀察和后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明。life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”【27 題解析】The findings show that long -term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white

36、 and grey matter volumes細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) The study was performed among 253schoolchildren in Spain 可知，此段主要講述的是有關(guān)于研究如何進(jìn)行的事情，故選 A。in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes ofC. the mother was careful in picking out thingsD. the kids we

37、re so willing to help their mother 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D【語篇解讀】文章介紹了兩個(gè)孩子幫盲人媽媽挑選水果，作者被這溫情一幕打動(dòng)。【24題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits .然后我注意到媽媽是如何挑選水果的，可知他 們是來買水果的，故選 Ao【25題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)I was sure she was blind.我確定她是盲人，可知作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)媽媽看不到，故選 B?！?6題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù) It was so beautiful to see

38、such young kids so willingly help . Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves , instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did . 看到這么小 的孩子們?nèi)绱藰酚谥?，真是太美了。大多?shù)同齡的孩子會(huì)在商店里為自己挑選糖果或玩具，而不是像兩個(gè)孩子 那樣幫助他們的媽媽挑選水果。可知作者被這兩個(gè)孩子愿意幫助他們的母親而感動(dòng)，故選D。CSome primary sc

39、hoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated（ 關(guān)聯(lián)）with beneficial effects on cognitive function （ 認(rèn)知功能 ）.This is the main conclusion of a study

40、led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain . Lifelong exposure（ 接觸）to green space in the living white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.Exposure to nature has been thought to be

41、necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children oppo

42、rtunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.Dr. Dadvand ' s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial ef

43、fects of green spaces on cognitive development, it also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climate

44、s. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.27. The second paragraph is mainly about.A. how the study was performedB. what was recorded in the studyC. how long the study lastedD. who took part in the study28. The word “ prompt " in paragraph

45、 6 probably means "."A. controlB. encourageC. balanceD. change29. What can we learn from the passage?A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.【28題解析】we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our

46、self -improvement power will we realize that were beginning to take詞意猜測(cè)題。A. control 控制；B. encourage 鼓勵(lì)，促進(jìn)；C. balance 平衡；D. change 改變。根據(jù) These exercises in turn positively influence brain development 可知，是極大的促進(jìn)大腦的發(fā)育，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思最為接近的是鼓勵(lì)， 促進(jìn)，故選B?！?9題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù) Our findings suggest that exposure to green sp

47、ace early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain可知，在綠色環(huán)境下生活有利于大腦發(fā)育，故選 D。DWe often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock ourthings light and become happy.30. The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that

48、A. we learn our lessons when we experience painB. we are responsible for the problems we meetC. life fails us when we get into the wrong wayD. life is a long journey full of ups and downs31. What is the key to solving Jane' s problem?A. She needs to remember why she started.self-improvement powe

49、r. However, there's always something staring at us right under our nose but we donB. She has to tksewihoweo get on with people.only time we think of unlocking our self -improvement power is when everything gets worst.When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and je

50、ans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.C. She has to realize she is not what she is

51、 in her story.D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.32. The writer probably agrees that.A. the world tells us how to improve ourselvesThe only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self -improvement power is when the whole world is falling B. people change when they find i

52、t easy to do thatapart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore（ 忽C. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better視）it,D. enjoying the process of self -improvement makes life simplerChange will happen, like it or hate it. At

53、one point or another. we are all going to finally unlock our33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?self-improvement power not because the world says so. But because we realize it' s for our own good. A. Is it important to take things light?Happy people don' just a

54、ccept change; they embrace （擁抱）it. Unlocking our self-improvement power meansB. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fearC. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?change.D. To fre

55、e ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?Jane always tells everyone that she doesn' t have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family 】 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. Dtell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a grea

56、t crowd【語篇解讀】這是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，主要介紹在我們的生活中，當(dāng)我們準(zhǔn)備好要改變的時(shí)候，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)達(dá)come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!到一個(gè)點(diǎn)，這將幫助我們打開自我提升的力量。打開自我提高能力的唯一時(shí)刻是當(dāng)一切變得最糟糕的時(shí)候。只有Self-improvement may not be everybody ' s favorite word, but if we look at things in a d

57、ifferent way, we might have當(dāng)我們享受解鎖自我完善能力的整個(gè)過程，從固定思維中解脫出來時(shí)，我們才會(huì)意識(shí)到我們開始輕而易舉地獲得greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in 快樂。a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when【30題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is whenWhen it comes to