高考英語 典題精講Unit 15 Learning)北師大版

1、【英語】北師大版 典題精講（Unit 15 Learning)典題精講經(jīng)典題型例1(全國)The chairman thought_necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him思路解析此題考查形式賓語的用法。it在句中作形式賓語,to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting 為真實(shí)賓語,necessary為補(bǔ)足語。答案：B黑色陷阱此題容易誤選A。錯(cuò)選的原因是誤把thought后面的內(nèi)容當(dāng)成賓語從句，that為連接詞。這句話中

2、thought后面的內(nèi)容不是一個(gè)完整的句子，不能充當(dāng)賓語從句。綠色通道當(dāng)不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語，其后有補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要用形式賓語it，而將不定式和動(dòng)名詞置于補(bǔ)足語之后。（句型：“主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+不定式或動(dòng)名詞”）。多數(shù)情況下，在這種句型中用不定式，動(dòng)名詞用得較少。用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，常見的補(bǔ)足語是：any/no good，useless，any/no use，senseless等。例2I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this B.that C.it D.one思路解析本題考查it作替代詞的用法。it代替后面的

3、句子所表示的意義。that在定語從句中,可作關(guān)系代詞,代替某個(gè)先行詞(人或物)，也可以作賓語從句的連接詞，但本題不是定語從句和賓語從句。one后面接定語從句。this不能作連接詞。答案：C綠色通道it作替代詞的情況如下：1）it用來替代前面提到的同一事物時(shí),被替代的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。如:We are studying in a school with trees all around it.(it替代可數(shù)名詞school)2）it可以替代英語句式中的不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞(短語)或從句,在句中作形式主語或形式賓語。如:It is a great surprise to m

4、eet you here.(it替代不定式短語to meet you here) 3）it可以替代前面的某一名詞或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。這時(shí),可用that替換,也可以改為非限制性定語從句。有時(shí)it可以前置替代,用以代替后面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。這時(shí),不可用that替換。如:I hate it when people talk with their mouths full。(it代替后面整個(gè)句子when people talk with.)例3（湖北）It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.A.however B.

5、whatever C.whichever D.whenever 思路解析本題考查連接詞。to give a child _ he or she wants為真正的主語，it是形式主語。主語從句中又有一個(gè)賓語從句“_ he or she wants”。whatever在從句中作賓語。這句話的意思是“大家普遍認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不明智的”。答案：B黑色陷阱本題如果沒有理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，其他三項(xiàng)都容易錯(cuò)選。錯(cuò)選A和D兩項(xiàng)是因?yàn)闆]有掌握however,whenever 不可以作賓語，錯(cuò)選C項(xiàng)是不知道whichever常作定語，而不是賓語。例4 The man insisted_a taxi for m

6、e even though I told him I lived nearby.A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding思路解析本題考查動(dòng)詞搭配。insist常接從句或介詞“on+doing”,不接不定式或“in+doing”。如果insist后面接了一個(gè)從句，并且意義上表達(dá)的是“堅(jiān)持做某事”，從句的謂語要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should 可以省略。但本題insist后面接的不是從句。答案：C例5 He will come tomorrow.But Id rather he_the day after tomorrow.A.will com

7、e B.is coming C.came D.had come思路解析d rather = would rather意為“寧可;寧愿”。 would rather后面接從句時(shí)，表示主語寧愿讓某人干某事。這時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即用一般過去時(shí)表示過去現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖?；用過去完成時(shí)表示過去要做的事。答案：C黑色陷阱此題容易誤選A或B，因?yàn)樯衔牡腍e will come tomorrow.以及下文的時(shí)間狀語the day after tomorrow都容易讓人以為要填將來時(shí)態(tài)。綠色通道要解對(duì)此類題，平時(shí)需要注意某些特殊句型的用法，也可從學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語氣入手。類似的句型還有：wish+that-

8、clause;Its time+that-clause和as if+從句。例6（2001上海）Rose was wild with joy _the result of the examination.A.to B.at C.by D.as思路解析at 表原因，多與表感情的詞連用，意為“因,因?yàn)榭吹剑牭剑┒薄Ｈ纾篠he was surprised at what he said.她聽到他的話感到很驚訝。其他選項(xiàng)無此用法。答案：B黑色陷阱本題容易錯(cuò)選D項(xiàng)。錯(cuò)選的原因是受短語的干擾。但as a result of意為“由于”，那本句的句意就變成“因?yàn)榭荚?，她高興得快瘋了”，不符合常理。例7 S

9、he looks forward every spring to_the flower-lined garden.A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in思路解析此題考查短語look forward to（盼望）的用法，其中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào),要用動(dòng)名詞由此可以排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)pay a visit后面如果要接賓語，要用連接詞to，由此可以排除B項(xiàng)。答案：D黑色陷阱 此題容易錯(cuò)選B、C兩項(xiàng)。錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng)的原因是沒有掌握 pay a visit不能直接接賓語的用法。錯(cuò)選C項(xiàng)的原因是句中插入了every spring這一狀語，使loo

10、k forward與介詞to分離，把to誤以為是不定式符號(hào)，影響了判斷。例8 The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and he_set free.A.had done;should be B.should do;should beC.had done;had been D.should do;had been思路解析insist 后接了兩個(gè)賓語從句，that he had done nothing wrong 是“the man” 在陳述事實(shí)，所以用正常應(yīng)該用的時(shí)態(tài)。第一個(gè)賓語中的“沒有做錯(cuò)事”是發(fā)生在insisted之前，為“

11、過去的過去”，所以應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。and he should be set free是基于這一事實(shí)上而提出來的要求，需要用虛擬語氣，即should加動(dòng)詞原形的形式。答案：A 綠色通道注意insist的兩種含義。一般說來，若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣；若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。例9 If you _ the doctors instructions，you _ better now.A.followed；would beB.followed；would have beenC.had followed；would beD.h

12、ad followed；would have been思路解析根據(jù)句意，這應(yīng)該是對(duì)事實(shí)的假設(shè)，即虛擬語氣。此句為比較復(fù)雜的虛擬語氣；if從句是對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬，而主句是對(duì)目前情況的虛擬。答案：C黑色陷阱本題容易錯(cuò)選D。很多同學(xué)一看到前面一句，就判定是對(duì)過去的虛擬假設(shè)，而沒有注意到主句中的時(shí)間狀語now。綠色通道虛擬語氣的種類有很多，做題時(shí)要小心，因?yàn)榭赡艿教幱小跋葳濉?，一定要?duì)原句作出具體分析，然后與所學(xué)知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來，再作選擇。例10 Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _in love,at the

13、 age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallenC.should fall D.were to fall思路解析本題考查虛擬條件句，雖然主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，但從句與過去事實(shí)相反，故應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)had not fallen。wouldnt have fallen用于主句，而should fall和were to fall雖然用于從句，但它們表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反或不符。答案：B黑色陷阱本題易錯(cuò)選A。有些同學(xué)對(duì)虛擬條件句掌握不牢固，極容易把用于主句的結(jié)

14、構(gòu)用于從句中。綠色通道有時(shí)主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞指不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)需要用混合虛擬語氣。一般來說，在這種情況下，主從句謂語動(dòng)詞指代的時(shí)間不同，稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，這時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活使用，在做這些題目時(shí)尤其要注意每道題目的提示語：時(shí)間狀語。絕大多數(shù)情況下，從句或者主句都有相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語，這是我們解題的關(guān)鍵。例11 We dont lack money,therefore I prefer_at home,doing housework.A.youll stay B.you are stayingC.stay D.youd better思路解析做題時(shí)抓住關(guān)鍵詞prefer，它的用法比較多

15、，后跟賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用（should）do虛擬式。答案：C綠色通道做此類題，同學(xué)們需要平時(shí)熟記一些其賓語從句用虛擬謂語動(dòng)詞形式的常用動(dòng)詞，如：insist,desire,prefer,order,suggest,advise,require等。有些名詞order,suggestion,advice等，其后的同位語從句或表語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞也要用虛擬語氣。例12You_ Mary yesterday,Peter.Sorry,but I was too busy to do that.A.must have helpedB.should helpC.were supposed to ha

16、ve helpedD.were able to help思路解析根據(jù)語境，彼德過去應(yīng)該幫助Mary，但是沒有，所以可以排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。而A項(xiàng)是對(duì)過去所發(fā)生事情的猜測(cè)，不符合題意。be supposed to do 意為“理應(yīng)，本該”，用法類似should，可用于虛擬語氣中。答案：C黑色陷阱本題容易錯(cuò)選B。有些同學(xué)根據(jù)題意判斷空缺處的意思是“應(yīng)該幫助”，卻沒注意到時(shí)間狀語yesterday，因此正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是should have helped。綠色通道歸納演繹是學(xué)習(xí)句式結(jié)構(gòu)的捷徑。同學(xué)們需記住表示過去本應(yīng)該做某事可以用should have done sth.；ought to have d

17、one sth.和were/was supposed to do/have done sth.來表達(dá)。原創(chuàng)題請(qǐng)同學(xué)們閱讀下面兩篇“未解之謎”,完成閱讀任務(wù),并談一談自己的觀點(diǎn)。Is there a monster in the water?Does an ancient monster live in Scotlands Loch Ness (尼斯湖)?For centuries,many people have argued that “Nessie”,the Loch Ness Monster,does exist.On July 22,1933,Mr.and Mrs.George Spi

18、cer were driving alongside the lake.All of a sudden,their car nearly struck a huge,black,long-necked creature,which then entered the lake.This was the first time Nessie was brought to public attention.To date there have been over 3000 recorded sightings of the monster but no one has come up with any

19、 solid evidence that it does exist.Scientists are still using hightech equipment to search the lake and thousands of people visit the area each year in the hope of seeing the monster.And some believe they have got lucky:there are new sightings of Nessie every year.The StonehengeStonehenge,the most f

20、amous prehistoric monument in Britain,is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire.At various times regarded as a site built by the Druids,the Romans,the Danes and even the French,the first stagea circular ditch and bank with an entrance flanked by a pair of small standing stonesis beli

21、eved to have been built around 3000BC.The site was subsequently(隨后) abandoned and rebuilt between 2100 BC and 1800 BC.There are many mysteries surrounding this ancient site.Some of the stones used are thought to have come from the Preseli mountains in Pembrokeshire,Walesyet exactly how they were tra

22、nsported to the site in such a primitive（原始的） age is a puzzle.Experts believe they may have been transported for most of the way by water,before being dragged overland for the last stage of the journey.It has been suggested that Stonehenge once operated as a massive astronomical clock,and there are even suggestions that it was a landing site for UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects)! A more likely explanation is that Stonehenge was an important centre of worship connected with the sun.把從上面兩篇短文中獲取的信息填入下面表格中。NamesPlace