高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)

1、高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)不定式（infinitive ）、分詞（participle）、動(dòng)名詞（gerund）是非謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。以下表格列出了他們各自在句中的作用。 （，表示可以在句中擔(dān)任的語(yǔ)法成分，X則表示不可以。）種類(lèi)、主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足 語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式VVVVVV動(dòng)名詞VVXVVX分詞XXVVVV非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)、用法、區(qū)別及使用注意事項(xiàng)分 述如下：第一節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)可作主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)形式為：不定式和動(dòng)名詞。其表達(dá)形式為：不定式：主動(dòng)態(tài)to do;被動(dòng)態(tài)to be done;動(dòng)名詞：主動(dòng)態(tài)doing;被動(dòng)態(tài) being done例 1： To a

2、ct like that is foolish.例 2： It is impossible for me to buy the car with cash.要我用現(xiàn)金 買(mǎi)那輛車(chē)是不可能的。例 3： Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.例 4：What made you so late for work today ?Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of heavy traffic.因?yàn)榻煌〒頂D，今早開(kāi)車(chē)上班非常慢。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)名詞和不

3、定式作主語(yǔ)，可以互換，其意義沒(méi)有多大 差別，但須注意以下兩點(diǎn)：1 .表示具體的，尤其是未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，傾向用不定式（如例2）。表示無(wú)時(shí)限的泛指動(dòng)作（如例 3）或描述當(dāng)時(shí)的情況（如例 4）, 傾向用動(dòng)名詞。2 .在下列句型用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)It is no good doing.（沒(méi)有用）There is no doing.（不可能）It is no good arguing with him.和他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)有用。There is no knowing what may happen. = It is impossible to know what may happen.練習(xí)： 1 （ 改錯(cuò)） As is

4、 known, learn a foreign language well requires great efforts.2 （ 改錯(cuò)） Though flying balloons are easy, balloonists must watch the weather carefully.3 （選擇） to sunlight for too much will do harm to one sskin.A. Exposed to B. Exposing C. Having exposed D.Being exposed答案：1. learn 一 learning原形動(dòng)詞不能作主語(yǔ)。2. a

5、re - is單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。3. 答案D。句義：遭太陽(yáng)暴曬對(duì)皮膚有害。本題考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，待選項(xiàng)在句中作主語(yǔ)，又因?yàn)槿伺c expose 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選D。第二節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)可作表語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為：不定式，動(dòng)名詞。1 Your task this morning is to deliver the mail to Professor Smith. 你今天上午的任務(wù)是把這個(gè)郵件送給史密斯教授。 （不定式解釋主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容）2 My hobby is collecting stamps. （動(dòng)名詞解釋主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容）1 . The purpose of new te

6、chnologies is to make life easier, it moredifficult.（ 99 全國(guó)） A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make2 .分析句子是否正確: What we do is prepare our students to facefierce competitions when they enter society.1、答案B。 is 后有兩個(gè)表語(yǔ)，兩者必須在結(jié)構(gòu)上對(duì)稱(chēng)。第一個(gè)表語(yǔ)為不定式to make life easier,則第二個(gè)表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該為不定式，所以選 B 。2、正確。當(dāng)主

7、語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do 時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以省略to;若沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,表語(yǔ)中to不能省略。第三節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)可作賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為：不定式和動(dòng)名詞。1不定式作賓語(yǔ)例 1 He demanded to know the truth.例 2 The car failed to stop at the red light. 那輛轎車(chē)看到紅燈沒(méi)有停。英語(yǔ)中有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的動(dòng)詞，只能以不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如：agree （同意），decide, refuse, pretend （假裝），manage （設(shè)法），promise, seem, happen, hope, wish, offer to d 0

8、 表示愿望）afford to do （買(mǎi)得起， 承擔(dān)得起），bother to do （特意），choose todo （愿意或決定）attempt / seek to do （試圖） learn to do （學(xué)習(xí)或?qū)W會(huì)）短語(yǔ)would like （love） to do, would prefer to do （更愿意）,be about todo （即將）,介詞 but / except to do例 1） I have no choice but to give up the plan.2） There was nothing we could do except wait.注：bu

9、t / except前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,其后to必須省去請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1）疑問(wèn)代詞如 what, which;疑問(wèn)副詞如 when, whether （why 除外）引導(dǎo)的不定式可作know, decide等的賓語(yǔ)，在意義上相百與一個(gè)未曾發(fā)生的賓語(yǔ)從句。例 1. We haven t decidewhat steps to take next.f We haven t decided what steps we should take next.2. I really don ' t wnowher to write to her or give her a phonecall.f I

10、 really don ' t know whether I should write to her or give her a phone call.這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)例 1. What to do next remains to be discussed下一步該怎么辦有例 2. Our difficulty is where to get enough money.2）為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可省去與前邊重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形，而保留 “to”。例：Would you like to go for a picnic with me ?I ' d love to, but I c

11、an ' t spare any time（Wopresent.略了 go for a picnic with you）3主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式時(shí)間概念形式時(shí)間概 念to do （一時(shí)）1）未發(fā)生2）和謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)作同時(shí)to be done同左to be doing （進(jìn)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，正在時(shí)）進(jìn)行to have done 位 成時(shí)）發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前to have been done同左不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)常用在下列句型中:seem / appear （似乎）to1） S （人，物）happen （碰巧）topretend tobe said （據(jù)說(shuō)）tobe thought / su

12、pposed / considered/ believe d 據(jù)認(rèn) 為）to2） S （人，物）be reported （據(jù)艮導(dǎo)）to be known （知道）to請(qǐng)注意：考查不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，主要集中在以上句型中，是 局考的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。I happened to be standing next to him when he fell down.The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙指導(dǎo)，這家銀行昨天在光天 化日之下遭到搶劫。He i

13、s known to have been arrested by the police 人們者 B 知道他曾 被警察逮捕過(guò)。4） was / were to have done ; would like to have done wished （hoped / wanted / intended / meant to have done 表示當(dāng)時(shí)想做，而實(shí)際不能做到I was to have picked you up at the airport, but I forgot about it.1 intended to have helped you out but I had no mon

14、ey then.我當(dāng)時(shí) 真想幫助你擺脫困境，可是我那時(shí)身無(wú)分文。2 .動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)I can imagine marrying a girl of that sort.我彳艮難想象與那種女子 結(jié)婚后的情形。I narrowly missed being killed in the car accident.在那次車(chē)禍中我 死里逃生。He admitted having stolen my bicycle. 他承認(rèn)偷了我的自行車(chē)。There is no point in arguing any further再爭(zhēng)議下去毫無(wú)意義。3 ）下列動(dòng)詞必須帶動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)：understan

15、d （理解），admit （承認(rèn)），keep （on）（繼續(xù)），practise （練習(xí)），finish （完成），imagine （想象），miss （錯(cuò)過(guò),避免），avoid （避免），escape（逃避），suggest（建議），dislike （討厭）， enjoy （喜歡），delay（推遲），excuse（原諒），mind（介意）,appreciate（感激）,oppose （反對(duì)）。另外，有的詞既可帶動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，亦可帶不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 請(qǐng)區(qū)別清楚。如：allow doing （比較：allow sb. to do）advise doing （比較：advisesb. to

16、d。4 ）下列短語(yǔ)必須帶動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)：be worth （值得），pay attention to （注意），object to （反對(duì)），can' t help （情不自禁）,devote oneself to （致力于），put off （推遲）， be / get used to （習(xí)慣于），feel like （想要），look forward to （盼 望）,get down to （開(kāi)始做,認(rèn)真做某事）,how / what about （怎么樣），There is no point （in） doing sth （做某事毫無(wú)意義）5 ）下列動(dòng)詞可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也

17、可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但 有明顯的語(yǔ)義差別。r remember doing 回憶起過(guò)去做過(guò)的事f remember to do記住要做的事f forget doing忘記了曾做過(guò)的事t forget to do忘記該做的事r regret doing對(duì)已發(fā)生的事表示后悔1 regret to do對(duì)現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示抱歉m mean doing 意味著，意思是t mean to do 打算， 想要t try doing試一試某種方法try to do 設(shè)法去做一件事比較1. I don ' t mean to give up the plan.不打算放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃。A break dow

18、n on our way would mean our walking for hours.汽車(chē) 半路拋錨意味著我們要步行幾個(gè)小時(shí)。比較 2.I have always deeply regretted sellinghaving sold）the farm. 我一直為賣(mài)掉這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)而后悔不已。We regret to tell you that you owe the bank &100.我們很遺憾地告 訴你，你欠銀行100英鎊。第四節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為：分詞和不定式1 .現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別1）現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，譯為“令人”；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)， 譯為“感到”，

19、這是兩者最重要的區(qū)別The weather of this summer is disappointing.My parents will be disappointed with me if I fail the exam.描述事物或事情的性質(zhì)一般用現(xiàn)在分詞。描述人的情感一般用過(guò)去分詞。I don ' htnk it surprising for such a bad man to have been punished. （it指"象這樣的壞人受到懲罰”這件事）There was a surprised expression in her ey魄的眼里流露出驚訝 的神情。（

20、人的表情是情感的具體表現(xiàn)，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞來(lái)修飾 expression）2）現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞通常表示動(dòng)作已 完成。Power stations employ falling water to produce electricity.The ground is covered with fallen leaves.2.現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式時(shí)間概念形式時(shí)間概 念doing1）正在進(jìn)行2）與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)being done動(dòng)作正在進(jìn) 行having done分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 作之前having been done同左3.分詞表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨

21、或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明等 a）分詞做時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式如下：doingdonehaving done + S（主語(yǔ)）+ Vhaving been done S（主語(yǔ)）+ VII（主動(dòng)關(guān)系）（被動(dòng)關(guān)系）Not understanding its meaning, he asked the teacher to explain the word.（表原因：understanding與句子主語(yǔ)he之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞asked同時(shí)發(fā)生）Having made a decision, they immediately set out to work.（表時(shí)間：make a decisio

22、n與句子主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系且發(fā)生于 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞set out之前）Having been experimented many times, this new product will be put into mass production.由于這一新產(chǎn)品已實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)多次，不久將投入批量生產(chǎn)。（表原因：experimented與主語(yǔ)product為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞put之前發(fā)生）詞作上述狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的位置可置于主句之前，也可置于主語(yǔ)之后。例： They, having made a decision, set out to work.選擇： The research is so designe

23、d that oncenothing can bedone to change it. ( 02 全國(guó))A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，難度較大。若時(shí)間、原因、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，且從句部分有be 時(shí)，可省略從句主語(yǔ)及be。省略后的形式如下：(1) when( while, until, once, as, if, though 等) + doing 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系(2) when (while, until, once, as, if, though 等)+ done從句

24、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系表示“某一事件的開(kāi)始”，begin既可用主動(dòng)態(tài)，也可以用被動(dòng)態(tài)。狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)形式：(1) Once it beings。這種形式，不具備省略條件。(2) Once it is begun。具備省略條件(有be)。省略后的形式為：Once begun。所以本題選D 。b)分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其形式為：(1) doing (2) done。究竟用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，取決于該動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系“We can t going out in this weather,” said Bob, looking out of thewindow.(04 重慶)The bo

25、y sat in the dark room, frightened and trembling.男孩一個(gè)人做在黑洞洞的房間里，嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。注意： 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞， 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)。 這是判斷一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是否作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的主要尺度。請(qǐng)注意下列固定短語(yǔ)在作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的表達(dá)形式：Generally speaking 一般地說(shuō) Strictly speaking 從嚴(yán)格意義上說(shuō)Judging from / by 根據(jù)判斷 Given / Allowing for 考慮到Given their inexperience, they have done a good job 在缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)的情況下，他們的工作算是

26、做得不錯(cuò)。4不定式用作表目的，結(jié)果，方式和形容詞原因狀語(yǔ)1)目的To win over the undecided voters, they are working twice as hard.為了把尚未拿定主意的選民爭(zhēng)取過(guò)來(lái)，他們正在加倍努力工作。He got up early not to miss the first bus. （not to也可用 so as not to 或in order not to 這一強(qiáng)調(diào)形式）2）結(jié)果不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)有：too adj / adv to do ; too adj + a + n to do so adj / adv as to do

27、 ; such + n as to do The boy is too young to dress himself.He was too shrewd （精明的） a businessman to accept our offer. 他是個(gè)非常精明的商人，不會(huì)接受我們的開(kāi)價(jià)。W川 you be so kind as to turn down the radio ?請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)開(kāi)小一 點(diǎn)。He can ' t have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long.他不可能做出這樣糟糕的事，讓你等這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。注意：表

28、示一種事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料的結(jié)果，用不定式。不定式前可用only來(lái)加強(qiáng)意想不到的語(yǔ)氣。如：（04福建卷）The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only to be told the film stars had left.然而，要 表示在事情發(fā)展過(guò)程中必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，就要用分詞來(lái)表達(dá)。分詞前可加thus,加強(qiáng)必然的語(yǔ)氣。The new machine will work twice as fast, thus greatly reducing costs.新機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度提高 一倍，因而大大降低了成本。3）方式狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：S （人，物）be + adj

29、to do特點(diǎn)（1）句子的主語(yǔ)在邏輯關(guān)系上為不定式動(dòng)作的賓語(yǔ)（2） 形容詞為： easy, hard, difficult, comfortable, dangerousI.Some books are interesting to read, but boring to learn. 有些書(shū)讀起來(lái)很有趣，但學(xué)起來(lái)很討厭。2 .The telephone number is easy to remember.他的電話(huà)號(hào)碼彳艮難3 .That man is difficult to deal with.那個(gè)人很難對(duì)付。4 .The river is dangerous to swim_in.注意

30、：以上句子，盡管句子的主語(yǔ)和不定式動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但 只能用主動(dòng)形式；若不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物，應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)介 詞，如例4。4）形容詞原因狀語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)形容詞通常是表示情感或評(píng)價(jià)行為表 現(xiàn)的形容詞。I am shocked to hear the news of his sudden death.You were silly not to have locked your car. （04湖南）第五節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不定式和分詞。 英語(yǔ)中有相當(dāng)一批動(dòng)詞 必須以不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)。My parents don ' t allow tm stay out late.

31、She waited impatiently for him to make up his mind.這些動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)為：wish, want, ask, require / request（要求）；order, warn （警告）allow / permit, forbid （禁止）,expect, remind （提醒），encourage, inspire （激勵(lì)）call on （號(hào)召，要求），depend on, long for sb. to do （渴望）請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e記住下列動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)形式，表達(dá)的意義及判斷的依據(jù)。r do賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。1. make （使）+ 9 + Cdo

32、ne賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 to do主語(yǔ)與不定式動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。S + be madedone主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。注：句型“ O”代表賓語(yǔ)，為名詞或代詞；“C”代表賓補(bǔ)。例：Those who won' t work should be made to worklB些不愿工作 的人應(yīng)強(qiáng)制他們?nèi)スぷ鳌e couldn ' t make himself hea他無(wú)法讓別人聽(tīng)到他說(shuō)的話(huà)。2. Keep （leave） + O + C doing賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。（使處于某種我態(tài)）done賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。J doing主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。S + b

33、e + kept （left）done主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例：Now students are kept burying themselves in books all day.現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生被迫整天埋頭讀書(shū)。His work was left undone.他丟下工作不去干。3. d doing賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。find （發(fā)現(xiàn)）+1O + Cdone賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。r doing主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。S + be +funddone主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例：（03 全國(guó)） A cook will be immediately fired if he is fou

34、ndsmoking in the kitchen.4. d doing賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系with + O + C done賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系to do （動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）例：1.He lay on the grassland with his jacketcovering his stomach. 他躺在草地上，把上衣蓋在肚子上。2.With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. （02上海春季）由于很多棘手的問(wèn) 題要解決，那為新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)處境艱

35、難。5. catch sb. doing ; be caught doing 該句型表示（偶然或突然）撞見(jiàn)、發(fā)現(xiàn)。例：He looked around and caught a marputting his hand into the pocket of a passenger. （04北京春季）他向四周看，突然發(fā) 現(xiàn)一個(gè)人把手伸進(jìn)一個(gè)旅客的口袋6. do賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。讓某人做某事。have （使）+ O + C doing賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。讓某 一動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行。done賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。（表示：1）讓某事由別人做。2）表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的 遭遇。）例:I.Whom wou

36、ld you like to have handle the complication problem?2. Paul had his hand burned seriously while cooking dinner.保羅在做飯時(shí)，手被嚴(yán)重燙傷。7. tto do賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Get sb todo = have sb. do |get （使）+ O' + Cdone賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。get sth done = have sth. done例： You' ll never get her to agree.When are going to get y

37、our hair cut ?8. 感官動(dòng)詞 hear, listen to, see, look at, notice, watch, observe, feel 等。d do賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作全過(guò)程 已結(jié)束，或經(jīng)性發(fā)生。hear + O + C doing賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作正在 進(jìn)行。done賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。t to do主語(yǔ)與不定式動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作全 過(guò)程已結(jié)束或經(jīng)常發(fā)生S + be +heard doing主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作正在 進(jìn)行。done主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例： He has never heard her sing

38、so well before.I didn ' t notice you carrying a pack when you came in.Never before had he felt himself so powerfully attracted to the scientific idea.改錯(cuò)：1) Now more talented young people are hoped to go to work in Western China.ABCD2) I demand you _all to take your work quite seriously.A BCD3) H

39、is appearance immediately made all the children becoming excited.ABC4) This song has never been heard to be sung so well.ABCD5) With much work remained to be done, we have to put off the trip until next week.AB CD答案：1) B錯(cuò) 典型病句2) B錯(cuò) demandare hoped are wished hope sb. to doto take f (should ) take句型：

40、1) demand to do 2 ) demand that (should)do3) C 錯(cuò) becoming 一 become 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing 不能做 make的賓補(bǔ)。4) C 錯(cuò) to be sung sung5) B 錯(cuò) remained remaining 。 remain "剩下”是 不及物動(dòng)詞，只有主動(dòng)形式。注意：以上動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)形式的考查是高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。第六節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1 .不定式作定語(yǔ)在三種情況下需用不定式作定語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，被修飾的名詞在邏輯關(guān)系上是不定式動(dòng)作的賓 語(yǔ)。不定式用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式，由句子的主語(yǔ)與不定式的 邏輯關(guān)系決定。It

41、seems to me that I have nothing to take home to my children. 在我看來(lái)今天我們沒(méi)有東西可以帶給孩子了She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a roleo play in making the earth a better place to live （03 上海春季） 她會(huì) 告訴我們?yōu)槭裁此龔?qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為在使地球成為更好住處這一點(diǎn)上， 我們每個(gè)人都有可以發(fā)揮的作用。't find anyone to talk若作定語(yǔ)的不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，需

42、加適合介詞。如:Now I feel very lonely because I can2）被修飾的詞為抽象名詞，如 need, way, reason, righty,不定 式解釋其內(nèi)容。There is no need to quarrel with him.Please give your reason to refuse him.3）被修飾的詞，其前有序數(shù)詞 first, second, last, only作定語(yǔ)。He is always the first （one） to get to school every day.She was the only one to surviv

43、e in the air crash.她是這次空難中唯 一的幸存者。2 .分詞作定語(yǔ)以下情況常用分詞作定語(yǔ)：1）被修飾名詞與作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，或是經(jīng)常性行為時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞。When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the dooe ading “sorry to miss you; will call later." （99 全國(guó)）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)為進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般時(shí)的定 語(yǔ)從句。reading “sorry to miss you; will call later.” =

44、 which read “sorry to miss you; will call later.”2）若被修飾的名詞與作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞采用以下 三種形式：a）動(dòng)作已發(fā)生或?yàn)榻?jīng)常性行為，用done。b）若動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行用 being donec）動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，用to be done例 1 ： Many things impossible in the past are common today. A. considering B. to consider C. consideredD. being considered2: People are talking about the pla

45、y in two days at the theatre.A.to perform B.being performedC. performed D.tobe performed例1答案為Co例2答案為Do非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)一、高考典型考題重現(xiàn)1. You were silly not your car. （04 湖南卷）A. to lockB. to have locked C. lockingD. having locked2. Having been 川 in bed for nearly a month ,he had a hard timethe exam. （04 福建卷）A. pass

46、 B. to passC. passed D passing3. I've worked with children before , so I know what in my newjob. （2000 全國(guó)）A. expect ed B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expectsA. to work4. The old man,abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. （04 江蘇卷）B. working C. to have worked D. havingw

47、orked1. late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. （01 d匕京春季） A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept6. The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only the film starshad left. （04 福建卷）A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D . told7. The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visi

48、tors to thebeauty of nature. （04 上海卷）A. to smell B. smelling C. smeltD. to be smelt8. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, as 3M. （04 浙江卷）A. knowing B. knownC. being known D. tobe known9. Don' t leave thewater while you brush your teeth. （04 天津 卷）A. runB. runningC. be

49、ing runD. to run10. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ityou' ve got some big bills coming.（04 廣東卷）A. forget B. forgotC. forgetting D. to forget1-5 BDBDA 6-10 BBBBA二、提高練習(xí).1. Did on time make our teacher angry ?A . she not come B. she not to come C. not her comin

50、g D. her not coming2. I in the quiet countryside instead of in the busy city.A. feel like living B. would prefer living C. dislike to live D. would rather to3. You can never imagine what great trouble I have had what he wanted.A . to doB . doingC . doneD. to be doing4. The students expected there mo

51、re reviewing classes before the find exam.A . isB . beingC. have beenD. to be5. The time he has devoted in the past ten years the disabled is now considered of great value.A. to help ; being B. to helping ; to be C. help ; to beD. helping ; being6. I deeply appreciate the opportunity to go abroad fo

52、r further study.A. to give me B . to have given me C. being givenD. that I have been given7. Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed off the mountain.A. having been blownB . that it had beenblownC. to be blownD. to have been blown8. The leaders us in our discussion, but owing to more importa

53、nt business they coildn ' t come.A. were to join B. would like to join C. intended to joinD. were to have joined9. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A . to goB . to have goneC . goingD. having gone10. - How did you find the lecture today ?-Very

54、 . I doubt if I will come for his lecture next time.A . inspiring B . surprisedC . disappointingD. puzzled11. from heart trouble for years; Professor White has to takesome medicine with him wherever he goes.A . Suffered B . SufferingC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered12. scores of times, but he stil

55、l couldn' t understand it.A . Having explainedB . Having beenexplainedC. Though it was explainedD. It was explained13. The sun was shining brightly, everything there more beautiful.A . making, look B. to make, look C . making, looking D. made, looked14. She set out soon after dark, home an hour

56、later.A . arrivingB . to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived15. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only the speaker.A . to find, left B . finding, leaving C. finding, left D. to find, gone16. As we know, the harder one studies, the more questions he thinks of .A . askingB . to askC. being askedD. to be asked17. The headmaster suggested the student to be given a prize.A . should refer B . referredC. referringD. would refer 18 - Who do you want to see at t