中考英語短文改錯題方法指導(dǎo)_第1頁
中考英語短文改錯題方法指導(dǎo)_第2頁
中考英語短文改錯題方法指導(dǎo)_第3頁
中考英語短文改錯題方法指導(dǎo)_第4頁
中考英語短文改錯題方法指導(dǎo)_第5頁
免費預(yù)覽已結(jié)束,剩余2頁可下載查看

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、精品短文改錯題方法指導(dǎo)做短文改錯題應(yīng)注意以下幾個步驟:一、首先通讀短文,初步理解短文大意,同時改正一些較容易的錯誤。短文中的一些句子就其本身來看,無法確定劃線部分錯在何處,只有通讀全文,了解句子與句子之間的關(guān)系,特別是劃線部分與上下文的關(guān)系,才能找出正確答案。如: “ When his mother was out, the telephone rang and Jimmy answeredthem. ”一句中,只有讀懂句中劃線部分指上文中的 telephone ,才能寫出正確答案it 。二、在通讀短文的基礎(chǔ)上,一句一句地仔細閱讀短文。(一)從語法分析入手1) 冠詞 a; an; the 或省

2、冠詞(如不可數(shù)名詞)2) 區(qū)別可數(shù)、不可數(shù)。若是可數(shù)名詞則應(yīng)注意該單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)(且注意復(fù)數(shù)的變化形式是否正確。3)形、副區(qū)別:判定該形還是副。注意形、副的比較等級(且注意變化形式)。4)代詞:區(qū)別人稱主格、賓格。區(qū)別形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞。區(qū)別 this / that 、 these / those 、 one / ones 、 it / them 。不定代詞(區(qū)別二者與三者;單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù);肯定還是否定)5)動詞: 時態(tài)、語態(tài)(主謂一致、動詞各種變化形式是否正確)及非謂語形式不定式和動名詞。 動詞短語的固定形式(如 listen to 與 listen ) 。 區(qū)別近義詞(如 hea

3、r 與 listen to ) 。6)數(shù)詞:判定該基數(shù)詞還是序數(shù)詞(以及序數(shù)詞的變化形式) 。7)介詞:正確區(qū)別、運用介詞。8)連詞:正確區(qū)別、運用連詞。(二)從句子結(jié)構(gòu)判定所用詞是否恰當(重點從句子成分的角度著手,該用何詞性) 。(三)注意固定搭配(如 the way to )。三、用改正后的答案代替相應(yīng)的劃線部分,從頭到尾反復(fù)閱讀短文,驗證改正的答案是否正確。中考英語短文改錯考點詳解及真題解析1 .中考英語短文改錯考點非謂語動詞錯誤非謂語動詞包括不定式、分詞、動名詞3 種形式。如:(1) In 1943 Jacques Coustean and his friend made it pos

4、sible by invent the scuba machine. (杭州市中考題 )說明 invent 改為 inventing , inventing 是動名詞,作介詞by 的賓語。(2) Many people liketravel by air, but Jim s familythinkthat traveling bytrain isthe best.(杭州市中考題 )說明travel改為to travel或traveling ,不定式或動名詞作動詞like的動詞賓語。(3) Many countries began look for waysto go into space.

5、(廣元市中考題 )說明look改為looking 或to look ,不定式或動名詞作動詞began的動詞賓語(4) School children walked withtheir shirts, coasts and anything elsethey could find pull upoverheir noses. ( 蘇州市中考題 )說明 pull 改為 pulled ,“ with+ 賓語 + 動詞的過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語, with 結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語與動 詞之間是邏輯被動關(guān)系。(5) The people ofthe desert haveto keep move from plac

6、eto place. (重慶市中考題 )說明 move 改為 moving , keep doing sth 有“繼續(xù)做某事”的意思。2 .中考英語短文改錯考點比較等級錯誤(1) It is much cheap and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air. (杭州市中考題 )說明 cheap 改為 cheaper , much , far , still , a little , a bit 修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級, 加強語氣。(2) They made people healthier and live long. ( 廣元市中考題

7、)說明 long 改為比較級形式longer ,與 healthier 是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指形容詞,副詞的混用。(3) Scientists wanted to see how good their bodies worked when they had different things.說明 good 改為 well , well 作副詞,修飾動詞worked.(4) By this time most people had a very well life. (廣元市中考題)說明 well 改為 good , good 作形容詞,修飾名詞life.3 .中考英語短文改錯考點

8、句法錯誤1. 并列連詞的混用(1) The world was known to man and the universe was not. (廣元市中考題 )說明根據(jù)行文邏輯,表示并列關(guān)系的 and 應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的 but.(2) Coustean was very interested in diving deep into the sea, but wanted to be an explorer.(杭州市中考題 )說明根據(jù)行文邏輯,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的 but 應(yīng)改為表示并列關(guān)系的 and.(3) They would never refuse to help people in tr

9、ouble, but they would give them food andwater. ( 重慶市中考題 )說明根據(jù)行文邏輯,表示表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的 but 應(yīng)改為表示并列關(guān)系的 and.(4) He has been to many interesting places in Beijing, and he has not yet been to many otherparts of China. ( 杭州市中考題 )說明根據(jù)行文邏輯,表示并列關(guān)系的 and 應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的 but.(5) “ So something must be done to keep the air nic

10、e or clean ,” said the scientists. (蘇州市中考題 )說明根據(jù)行文邏輯,表示選擇關(guān)系的 or 應(yīng)改為表示并列關(guān)系的 and.(6) “ I know only a chicken is too little for a king s evening meal. But I have brought a wolffor you besides the chicken.” ( 郴州市中考題 )說明根據(jù)行文邏輯,表示表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的 But 應(yīng)改為表示因果關(guān)系的 So.2. 連接詞的用法錯誤這類錯誤考查句子與句子之間的關(guān)系。連接詞的使用錯誤往往會使句子的邏輯關(guān)系發(fā)生改

11、變,甚至造成句子的語義邏輯混亂。 要想把這類錯誤糾正出來, 需要考生對上下文有總體的理解,頭腦中有個大概的 框架。如:(1) They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu after they went on to Mount Emei by bus. (杭州市中考題 )說明根據(jù)句子的意思將after 改為 before ,表示“他們坐汽車去峨眉山之前,愉快地坐火車先到了成都”。(2) The result is that they eat a light breakfast, they will work better. ( 鎮(zhèn)江市中考題 )說明 在

12、that 后增加 if 或 when . 在表語從句 that if / when they eat a light breakfast , they will work better 中, 包含有 if 或 when 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句, 修飾句子 they will work better. 句子翻譯成:(實驗)結(jié)果是如果他們少量地吃點早餐,會工作得更出色。(3) It s different from how people think. () 鎮(zhèn)江市中考題說明將how 改為 what , what people think 是一個賓語從句,疑問代詞what 在從句中充當賓語,有“的”之意。4

13、 .中考英語短文改錯考點時態(tài)與語態(tài)錯誤1. 時態(tài)考點錯誤時態(tài)錯誤幾乎是短文改錯中必設(shè)的改錯題類。要有目的地去檢查文中的每一個謂語動詞的時態(tài)與上下文、語境以及該句的時間狀語是否相符和一致。如:(1) “ You are my younger brother. You had it at first.) ” ( 郴州市中考題說明 had 改為 have ,因為這是一個一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的句子。(2) Last week he goes to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province with his family. (杭州市中考題 )說明 goes 改為 went ,與一般過去時態(tài)的

14、時間狀語 last week 保持一致。(3) Not too long ago , people can t go scuba diving on Hainan Islandor anywhere e,lse. ( 杭州市中考題 )說明 can 改為couldn t ,與一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語not too long ago 保持一致。2. 語態(tài)考點錯誤漢語表達習(xí)慣上有時不加“被”字也能表示被動意義,因而有些考生對被動語態(tài)不敏感。如:(1) “ Many thousands of trees must be plant every year ,” he said). ( 安徽省中考題說明pl

15、ant 改為planted ,構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。(2) “Sand can be sweeping into the air when there is a drought)”( 蘇州市中考題說明sweeping 改為 swept ,構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。(3) He also was liked to make videos.說明將was 刪去,因為這不是一個被動句。5 .中考英語短文改錯考點 一致性錯誤1. 主謂一致句子的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上不一致是改錯題型中最為常見的。如:(1) This were because there was no machine allowing a person to

16、 breathe under water for a long time. ( 杭州市中考題 )說明指示代詞this 作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),因此將 were 改為 was.(2) The desert people is friendly. ( 重慶市中考題 )說明 people 作主語時,謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù),因此將is 改為 are.2. 名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)與其修飾詞或上下文保持一致名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與其修飾詞語或上下文不一致也是中考常設(shè)的改錯題。做這類題目時要注意名詞是否與其修飾語一致。如:(1) The animals are useful to the desert people in man

17、y way. (重慶市中考題 )說明名詞way 改為 ways ,與前面的修飾詞many 一致。(2) As he explored the sea , he took pictures and videos of many thing that people had never seen before. ( 杭州市中考題 )說明 thing 改為 things ,與前面的修飾詞many 一致。有的名詞一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但受到某些量詞,如 many , several , a number of , a variety of 等修飾時,要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3) They were given k

18、inds of breakfast , and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題 )說明修飾語 kinds of 常修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,所以 breakfast 應(yīng)改為 breakfasts.表示事物類別時,名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(4) School child walked with their shirts , coats and anything else they could find pulled up over their nose. ( 蘇州市中考題 )說明child改為children ,表示名詞類別學(xué)生;noSenoses ,

19、與限定詞their保持一致。(5) The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. (廣元市中考題 )說明 disease 改為 diseases ,表示名詞類別“疾病”。3. 代詞與其修飾的名詞或其先行詞保持一致(1) Too many trees have been cut this years. ( 蘇州市中考題 )說明this 改為these , 與后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞years 保持一致。(2) They use camels for carrying water ,

20、 food , tents and another things. ( 重慶市中考題 )說明another 改為 other ,因為 another 常修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。代詞的主要功能是指代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞、詞組或一個意群,因此代詞一定要同它所指代的詞在單復(fù)數(shù)、格或人稱上保持一致,這是代詞改錯的核心。(3) He bought a ship and used them to explore under the sea. (杭州市中考題 )說明 them 改為 it ,指代前面的單數(shù)名詞 a ship.6 .中考英語短文改錯考點固定搭配錯誤(1) When there is not more f

21、ood for their animals, they move to another place. ( 重慶市中考題)說明not改為no,固定詞組no more表示不再的意思。(2) It s because you become very hungry at noon that you eat too much for lunch. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題 )說明 very 改為 so , so+ 形容詞 / 副詞 +that 結(jié)果狀語從句。(3) This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under wa

22、ter for long time. ( 杭州市中考題 )說明 for long time 改為 for a long time ,表示“一段時間”。(4) Coustean was very interested on diving deep into the sea, 說明on改為in ,固定詞組be interested in表示在)有興趣方面這是一個介詞(固定搭配 ) 方面的錯誤,介詞的誤用主要指介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配、介詞慣用詞組等方面產(chǎn)生的錯 誤。如:(5) On my way home , I found an old man walking in the front o

23、f me. (婁底市中考題 )說明介詞短語in the front of 表示“在的前部,而in front of 則表示在的前面。(6) We visited him at his workplace between the young trees and asked him about his work.(安徽省中考題 )說明 between 改為 among , between 表示“兩者之間”, 而 among 則表示“三者或三者以 上之中”。(7) And he ran slowly that he couldn t catch it. () 婁底市中考題說明在 ran 與 slow

24、ly 兩詞之間加so.7 .中考英語短文改錯考點易混詞錯誤1. 混淆詞性的錯誤詞性錯誤主要表現(xiàn)在形容詞、名詞、副詞的誤用上??忌鲞@類改錯題,要根據(jù)詞在句中所處的位置來確定其詞性是否正確。一般說來,形容詞修飾名 詞,副詞修飾動詞,副詞修飾形容詞。如:(1) The animals are use to the desert people in many ways. (重慶市中考題 )說明 use 改為 useful , useful 是形容詞,作表語。(2) The desert people are friend. ( 重慶市中考題 )說明 friend 改為 friendly , frie

25、ndly 是形容詞,作表語。2. 混淆詞義的錯誤英語中有很多詞在拼寫上、語義上很相似,但是它們的用法卻迥然不同。如:(1) They must always watch for grass or desert plants for their animals. ( 重慶市中考題 )說明 watch 改為 look. 兩個動詞都表示“看”的意思,但前者表示“很注意地”看,后者與介詞 for 連用有“尋找”之意。(2) We visited him at his workplace among the young trees and told him about his work. (安徽省中考題

26、 )說明 told 改為 asked. 根據(jù)上下文,用 asked “詢問”更合適。(3) The wind was blowing so hardly. ( 婁底市中考題 )說明 hardly 改為 hard , 這兩個詞詞形很接近, 但它們表達的是不同的意思, hardly 是否定副詞,有“幾乎不”的意思,而hard 則表示“猛烈地”之意。(4) We know that the first part of the 20th century saw more large inventions: the helicopterin 1909 , movies with sound in 192

27、6, the computer in 1928 and the jet plane in 1930. (廣元市中考題 )說明 large 改為 great.large 表示 “ ( 體積 ) 大”,而 great 則有“偉大的”的意思。3. 混淆用法的錯誤還有一些在意義, 概念上容易混淆、 用錯的詞, 如: such 與 so , ago 與 before , as 與 like , many 與 much 等。如:(1) Too much trees have been cut these years , making the sandstorm problem worse. ( 蘇州 市中

28、考題 )說明 much 改為 many ,前者常用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,后者修飾可數(shù)名詞。八.中考英語短文改錯考點時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)要與時間狀語或上下文的時態(tài)保持一致。例 1 : The time passes quickly. Evening came. So all of us went home.分析:第二句動詞came 及下文其他動詞的形式表示此處時態(tài)為一般過去時,所以 passes 應(yīng)改為passed.例 2 : Last Sunday , police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.分析: Last Sunday 表明該句應(yīng)用

29、一般過去時,所以 hurry 應(yīng)改為 hurried.例 3 : Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.分析: in the past 表示過去時間, is 應(yīng)改為 was.例 4 : I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.分析:從“but now ”的邏輯性可看出,“現(xiàn)在我對足球感興趣,打乒乓球是在過去”,所以 use 應(yīng)改為 used.九.中考英語短文改錯考點主謂一致與平行結(jié)構(gòu)一

30、、主謂一致謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與句子的主語保持一致。例 1 : Anyone may borrow books , and it cost nothing to borrow them.分析: it 為單數(shù),且根據(jù)句子前面的時態(tài)可知為一般現(xiàn)在時,所以 cost 應(yīng)改為 costs.例 2 : Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.分析: my picture and the prize 為復(fù)數(shù),所以is 應(yīng)改為 are.二、平行結(jié)構(gòu)在表達相互平行的概念時,要使用相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu),即動詞與動詞相配,形容詞與形容詞相配,分詞與

31、分詞相配,不定式與不定式相配。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助于and , but , or, not only but also等連詞。例如:There is no water and air on the moon.分析:在否定句中,并列成分的列舉用 or 不用 and. 故將 and 改為 or.例 2 : Li Ping is too young that he can t join the army.分析:sothat意為如此以致,為固定句式,故將 too改為so.例 3 : It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and

32、drove me to their home.分析:根據(jù)and 的對稱性原則,應(yīng)將drove 改為 drive ,與前面的 meet 一致。十.中考英語短文改錯考點介詞考點介詞在單句改錯中主要考查介詞與動詞或副詞的誤用,以及在固定結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣用法中的多余與遺漏。例如:例 1 : There are too many people among my family.分析: among 后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,而 family 為單數(shù)名詞,所以among 應(yīng)改為 in.例 2 : We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.分析: talk 后

33、邊無賓語,所以應(yīng)刪去about.例 3 : I wanted to thank you for have me in your home for the Summer holidays.分析: for 為介詞,后接動名詞, have 應(yīng)改為 having.例 4 : So I m really sorry that I won t be able to come in this time.分析: this time 為習(xí)慣用法,前邊不可加介詞,故應(yīng)去掉in.H一.中考英語短文改錯考點連詞考點連詞使用不當會造成上下句不銜接。英語中連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。若句子為復(fù)合句, 首先判斷是

34、何種從句, 然后根據(jù)主從句之間的關(guān) 系判斷連接詞使用是否準確, 是否有遺漏或多余現(xiàn)象若句子為并列句則要判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進還是讓步關(guān)系。例如:例 1 : The food was very expensive and the service was good.分析:前后語境為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以and 應(yīng)改為 but.例 2 : It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.分析: 認真分析語境可知該句句意為: 當我們到達山腳時大約已是正午。 顯然 noon 后應(yīng)加連詞when來引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。例 3

35、: She was smiling but nodding at me.分析: smiling , nodding 為遞進式并列關(guān)系,而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以 but 應(yīng)改為 and.例 4 : It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.分析: 該句句意為: 看起來我的父母親把我當成了參觀者或客人了, 所以 and 應(yīng)改為 or , 表“或者”, 屬選擇性邏輯關(guān)系。十二.中考英語短文改錯考點形容詞與副詞考點在單句改錯中,形容詞和副詞的設(shè)錯主要用來考查考生是否能根據(jù)形容詞、副詞在句中的位置及其他詞的修飾與被修飾關(guān)系來判斷詞

36、的正確使用形式, 是 否能辨別形容詞和副詞的混淆使用, 形容詞的比較等級是否使用正確等。例如:例 1 : I m sure we ll have a wonderfully time together.分析: time 為名詞,應(yīng)用形容詞修飾,所以 wonderfully 應(yīng)改為 wonderful.例 2 : No one worries much about the radio programs young people listen to, although radioscan be very noise.分析: be 為連系動詞,應(yīng)用形容詞修飾,所以 noise 應(yīng)改為 noisy.例

37、 3 : He is taller than any student in his class.分析:同一范圍內(nèi),形容詞的比較級必須把自己排除掉,即自己不能與自己相比,故需在 any 后加 other.例 4 : This box is very heavier than that one.分析:比較級前面一般不能用 very , so , too , quite 等作修飾詞,但為了表示比較級的程度,可以用 much , a lot , a little , a bit , even , still 等作修飾詞, 所以將句中的 very 去掉或?qū)⑵涓臑閙uch 等。十三.中考英語短文改錯考點代詞考點代詞的錯誤主要表現(xiàn)在是用賓格、主格還是所有格,是用反身

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論